cp's OEIS Frontend

The sequence arises from a "hybrid" cellular automaton, which consist of two successive generations using the rules of the D-toothpick sequence A194270 followed by one generation using toothpicks of length 2.

The rules are the same as the rules of A290220 except that here the first element is only one D-toothpick, not two. The result is that here the structure has only two arms instead of four arms as in A290220. On the other hand the structure of each arm is more complex than the structure of the arms of A290220.

The behavior is similar to A289840 and A290220 in the sense that these three cellular automata have the property of self-limiting their growth only in some directions of the square grid. For example: if here the first D-toothpick is placed in the NE-SW direction then the structure grows only in two opposite directions: NW and SE.

On the infinite square grid we start at stage 0 with no toothpicks, so a(0) = 0.

For the next stages we use the following rules:

1) If n is a number of the form 3*k + 1 (cf. A016777), for example: 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, ..., the elements added to the structure at n-th stage must be D-toothpicks of length sqrt(2) connected by their endpoints, in the same way as in the odd-indexed stages of A194270.

2) If n is a number of the form 3*k + 2 (cf. A016789), for example: 2, 5, 8, 11, 14, ..., the elements added to the structure at n-th stage must be toothpicks of length 1 connected by their endpoints, in the same way as in the even-indexed stages of A194270.

3) If n is a positive multiple of 3 (cf. A008585), for example: 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, ..., the elements added to the structure at n-th stage must be toothpicks of length 2. These toothpicks are connected to the structure by their midpoints.

The minimum width of the structure is 3*2^(1/2) = sqrt(18), see A010474.

The maximum width of the structure is 7*2^(1/2) = sqrt(98), see A010549.

The structure contains seven distinct polygons.

a(n) is the total number of elements in the structure after n generations.

A294021 (the first differences) gives the number of elements added at n-th stage.

For n = 0..6 the sequence is similar to some toothpick sequences.

The surprising fact is that for n >= 7 the sequence has periodic tail. More precisely, it has period 3: repeat [8, 16, 12]. This tail is in accordance with the expansion of the four arms of the cross.

This is essentially the first differences of A290221. The behavior is similar to A289841 and A294021 in the sense that these three sequences from cellular automata have the property that after the initial terms the continuation is a periodic sequence. - Omar E. Pol, Oct 29 2017

For n = 0..17 the sequence is similar to the known toothpick sequences.

The surprising fact is that for n >= 18 the sequence has a periodic tail. More precisely, it has period 8: repeat [32, 80, 16, 16, 16, 64, 48, 48]. This tail is in accordance with the expansion of the four arms of the cross. The tail also can be written starting from the 20th stage, with period 8: repeat [16, 16, 16, 64, 48, 48, 32, 80], (see example).

This sequence is essentially the first differences of A289840. The behavior is similar to A290221 and A294021 in the sense that these three sequences from cellular automata have the property that after the initial terms the continuation is a periodic sequence. - Omar E. Pol, Oct 29 2017

The odd-indexed terms (a bisection) gives A147582, the first differences of A147562 (Ulam-Warburton cellular automaton).

The even-indexed terms (a bisection) gives A147582 multiplied by 2.

The word of this cellular automaton is "ab", so the structure of the irregular triangle is as shown below:

a,b;

a,b;

a,b,a,b;

a,b,a,b,a,b,a,b;

a,b,a,b,a,b,a,b,a,b,a,b,a,b,a,b;

...

Row lengths are the terms of A011782 multiplied by 2, also the column 2 of A296612.

Columns "a" contain numbers of I-toothpicks. Columns "b" contain numbers of V-toothpicks. See the example.

For further information about the word of cellular automata see A296612.

The word of this cellular automaton is abcd. For more information see A296612.

The "word" of this cellular automaton is "ab", but note that this triangle has an unusual structure: an additional row of length 2. For more information about the word of cellular automata see A296612.

The structure of the irregular triangle is as shown below:

a,b;

a,b;

a,b;

a,b,a,b;

a,b,a,b,a,b,a,b;

a,b,a,b,a,b,a,b,a,b,a,b,a,b,a,b;

...

Row lengths give 2 together with the terms of A011782 multiplied by 2, also 2 togheter with the column 2 of A296612.

Columns "a" contain numbers of toothpicks of length 2.

Columns "b" contain numbers of D-toothpicks of length 2*sqrt(2). See the example.

The word of this cellular automaton is "ab".

The structure of the irregular triangle is as shown below:

a,b;

a,b;

a,b,a,b;

a,b,a,b,a,b,a,b;

a,b,a,b,a,b,a,b,a,b,a,b,a,b,a,b;

...

Row lengths are the terms of A011782 multiplied by 2, also the column 2 of A296612.

Columns "a" contain numbers of I-toothpicks.

Columns "b" contain numbers of V-toothpicks.

For further information about the word of cellular automata see A296612.

The word of this cellular automaton is "ab".

The structure of the irregular triangle is as shown below:

a,b;

a,b;

a,b,a,b;

a,b,a,b,a,b,a,b;

a,b,a,b,a,b,a,b,a,b,a,b,a,b,a,b;

...

Row lengths are the terms of A011782 multiplied by 2, also the column 2 of A296612.

Columns "a" contain numbers of V-toothpicks. Columns "b" contain numbers of I-toothpicks. See the example.

For further information about the word of cellular automata see A296612.