A324747 -id:A324747 - cp's OEIS frontend

A039770 Numbers k such that phi(k) is a perfect square.

1, 2, 5, 8, 10, 12, 17, 32, 34, 37, 40, 48, 57, 60, 63, 74, 76, 85, 101, 108, 114, 125, 126, 128, 136, 160, 170, 185, 192, 197, 202, 204, 219, 240, 250, 257, 273, 285, 292, 296, 304, 315, 364, 370, 380, 394, 401, 432, 438, 444, 451, 456, 468, 489, 504, 505

Offset: 1

Olivier Gérard

A004171 is a subsequence because phi(2^(2k+1)) = (2^k)^2. - Enrique Pérez Herrero, Aug 25 2011
Subsequence of primes is A002496 since in this case phi(k^2+1) = k^2. - Bernard Schott, Mar 06 2023
Products of distinct terms of A002496 form a subsequence. - Chai Wah Wu, Aug 22 2025

			phi(34) = 16 = 4*4.

D. M. Burton, Elementary Number Theory, Allyn and Bacon Inc., Boston MA, 1976, p. 141.

T. D. Noe, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
W. D. Banks, J. B. Friedlander, C. Pomerance and I. E. Shparlinski, Multiplicative structure of values of the Euler function, in High Primes and Misdemeanours: Lectures in Honour of the Sixtieth Birthday of Hugh Cowie Williams (A. Van der Poorten, ed.), Fields Inst. Comm. 41 (2004), pp. 29-47.
P. Pollack and C. Pomerance, Square values of Euler's function, submitted for publication.
Bernard Schott, Subfamilies and subsequences

Cf. A000010, A007614. A062732 gives the squares. A306882 (squares not totient).
Cf. A068560, A114063, A078164.
Subsequences: A054755, A002496, A004171, A262406, A324745, A324746, A247129, A324747, A306908.

with(numtheory); isA039770 := proc (n) return issqr(phi(n)) end proc; seq(`if`(isA039770(n), n, NULL), n = 1 .. 505); # Nathaniel Johnston, Oct 09 2013

Select[ Range[ 600 ], IntegerQ[ Sqrt[ EulerPhi[ # ] ] ]& ]

for(n=1, 120, if (issquare(eulerphi(n)), print1(n, ", ")))

from math import isqrt
from sympy import totient as phi
def ok(n): return isqrt(p:=phi(n))**2 == p
print([k for k in range(1, 506) if ok(k)]) # Michael S. Branicky, Aug 17 2025

a(n) seems to be asymptotic to c*n^(3/2) with 1 < c < 1.3. - Benoit Cloitre, Sep 08 2002

Banks, Friedlander, Pomerance, and Shparlinski show that a(n) = O(n^1.421). - Charles R Greathouse IV, Aug 24 2009

A306908 Numbers k with exactly three distinct prime factors and such that phi(k) is a square.

Original entry on oeis.org

60, 114, 126, 170, 204, 240, 273, 285, 315, 364, 370, 380, 438, 444, 456, 468, 504, 540, 680, 816, 825, 902, 960, 969, 978, 1010, 1026, 1071, 1095, 1100, 1134, 1212, 1258, 1292, 1358, 1456, 1460, 1480, 1500, 1520, 1729, 1746, 1752, 1776, 1824, 1836, 1872

Offset: 1

Bernard Schott, Mar 16 2019

nonn

This sequence is the intersection of A033992 and A039770.

The integers with only one prime factor and whose totient is a square are in A002496 and A054755, the integers with two prime factors and whose totient is a square are in A324745, A324746 and A324747.

			1st family: 273 = 3 * 7 * 13 and phi(273) = 12^2.
2nd family: 816 = 2^4 * 3 * 17 and phi(816) = 16^2.
3rd family: 6975 = 3^2 * 5^2 * 31 and phi(6975) = 60^2.

Robert Israel, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
Bernard Schott, Subfamilies and subsequences

Intersection of A033992 and A039770.

Cf. A002496, A054755 (only one prime factor), A324745, A324746, A324747 (two prime factors).

filter:= n -> issqr(numtheory:-phi(n)) and nops
(numtheory:-factorset(n))=3:
select(filter, [$1..2000]); # after Robert Israel in A324745

Select[Range[2000], And[PrimeNu@ # == 3, IntegerQ@ Sqrt@ EulerPhi@ #] &] (* Michael De Vlieger, Mar 31 2019 *)

isok(n) = (omega(n)==3) && issquare(eulerphi(n)); \\ Michel Marcus, Mar 19 2019

1st family: The primitive terms are p*q*r with p,q,r primes and phi(p*q*r) = (p-1)*(q-1)*(r-1) = m^2. These primitives generate the entire family formed by the numbers k = p^(2s+1) * q^(2t+1) * r^(2u+1) with s,t,u >= 0, and phi(k) = (p^s * q^t * r^u * m)^2.
2nd family: The primitive terms are p^2 * q * r with p,q,r primes and phi(p^2 * q * r) = p*(p-1)*(q-1)*(r-1) = m^2. These primitives generate the entire family formed by the numbers k = p^(2s) * q^(2t+1) * r^(2u+1) with s >= 1, t,u >= 0, and phi(k) = (p^(s-1) * q^t * r^u * m)^2.
3rd family: The primitive terms are p^2 * q^2 * r with p,q,r primes and phi(p^2 * q^2 * r) = p*q*(p-1)*(q-1)*(r-1) = m^2. These primitives generate the entire family formed by the numbers k = p^(2s) * q^(2t) * r^(2u+1) with s,t> = 1, u >= 0, and phi(k) = (p^(s-1) * q^(t-1) * r^u * m)^2.

A324745 Numbers k with exactly two distinct prime factors and such that phi(k) is a square.

Original entry on oeis.org

10, 12, 34, 40, 48, 57, 63, 74, 76, 85, 108, 136, 160, 185, 192, 202, 219, 250, 292, 296, 304, 394, 432, 451, 489, 505, 513, 514, 544, 567, 629, 640, 652, 679, 768, 802, 808, 873, 972, 985, 1000, 1057, 1154, 1168, 1184, 1216, 1285, 1354

Offset: 1

Bernard Schott, Mar 12 2019

nonn

This sequence is the intersection of A007774 and A039770.
The sequences A324746 and A324747 form a partition of this sequence.
See the file "Subfamilies and subsequences" (& II) in A039770 for more details, proofs with data, comments, formulas and examples.
The integers with only one prime factor and whose totient is a square are in A054755.

			1st family: 136 = 2^3 * 37 and phi(136) = 8^2.
2nd family: 652 = 2^2 * 163 and phi(652) = 18^2.

Intersection of A007774 and A039770.

Cf. A054755, A062732, A221285, A324746, A324747.

filter:= n -> issqr(numtheory:-phi(n)) and nops(numtheory:-factorset(n))=2:
select(filter, [$1..2000]); # Robert Israel, Mar 18 2019

Select[Range[1400], And[PrimeNu[#] == 2, IntegerQ@ Sqrt@ EulerPhi@ #] &] (* Michael De Vlieger, Mar 21 2019 *)

isok(n) = (omega(n)==2) && issquare(eulerphi(n)); \\ Michel Marcus, Mar 17 2019

1st family (A324746): The primitive terms are defined by p*q, p < q, with phi(p*q) = (p-1)*(q-1) = m^2. The general terms are defined by k = p^(2s+1) * q^(2t+1), s,t >= 0, with phi(k) = (p^s * q^t * m)^2.

2nd family (A324747): The primitive terms are defined by p^2 * q, p <> q, with phi(p^2 * q) = p*(p-1)*(q-1) = m^2. The general terms are defined by k = p^(2s ) * q^(2t+1), s >= 1, t >= 0, with phi(k) = (p^(s-1) * q^t * m)^2.

A324746 Numbers k with exactly two distinct prime factors and such that phi(k) is square, when k = p^(2s+1) * q^(2t+1) with p < q primes, s,t >= 0.

Original entry on oeis.org

10, 34, 40, 57, 74, 85, 136, 160, 185, 202, 219, 250, 296, 394, 451, 489, 505, 513, 514, 544, 629, 640, 679, 802, 808, 985, 1000, 1057, 1154, 1184, 1285, 1354, 1387, 1417, 1576, 1717, 1971, 2005, 2047, 2056, 2125, 2176, 2509, 2560, 2594, 2649, 2761, 2885, 3097

Offset: 1

Bernard Schott, Mar 12 2019

nonn

An integer belongs to this sequence iff (p-1)*(q-1) = m^2.
This is the first subsequence of A324745, the second one is A324747.
Some values of (k,p,q,m): (10,2,5,2), (34,2,17,4), (40,2,5,4), (57,3,19,4), (74,2,37,6), (85,5,17,8).
The primitive terms of this sequence are the products p * q, with p < q which satisfy (p-1)*(q-1) = m^2; the first few are 10, 34, 57, 74, 85, 185. These primitives form exactly the sequence A247129. Then the integers (p*q) * p^2 and (p*q) * q^2 are new terms of the general sequence.
The number of semiprimes p*q whose totient is a square equal to (2*n)^2 can be found in A306722.

			629 = 17 * 37 and phi(629) = 16 * 36 = 9^2.
808 = 2^3 * 101 and phi(808) = (2^1 * 101^0 * 10)^2 = 20^2.

Cf. A039770, A062732, A221285, A054755, A324745, A324747, A306908.

Cf. A306722, A247129 (subsequence of primitives).

N:= 10^4:
Res:= {}:
p:= 1:
do
  p:= nextprime(p);
  if p^2 >= N then break fi;
  F:= ifactors(p-1)[2];
  dm:= mul(t[1]^ceil(t[2]/2),t=F);
  for j from (p-1)/dm+1 do
    q:= (j*dm)^2/(p-1) + 1;
    if q > N then break fi;
    if isprime(q) then Res:= Res union {seq(seq(
      p^(2*s+1)*q^(2*t+1),t=0..floor((log[q](N/p^(2*s+1))-1)/2)),
      s=0..floor((log[p](N/q)-1)/2))} fi
  od
od:
sort(convert(Res,list)); # Robert Israel, Mar 22 2019

Select[Range[6, 3100], And[PrimeNu@ # == 2, IntegerQ@ Sqrt@ EulerPhi@ #, IntegerQ@ Sqrt[Times @@ (FactorInteger[#][[All, 1]] - 1 )]] &] (* Michael De Vlieger, Mar 24 2019 *)

isok(k) = {if (issquare(eulerphi(k)), my(expo = factor(k)[,2]); if ((#expo == 2)&& (expo[1]%2) == (expo[2]%2), return (1)););} \\ Michel Marcus, Mar 18 2019

phi(p*q) = (p-1)*(q-1) = m^2 for primitive terms.

phi(k) = (p^s * q^t * m)^2 with k as in the name of this sequence.

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A039770 Numbers k such that phi(k) is a perfect square.

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A306908 Numbers k with exactly three distinct prime factors and such that phi(k) is a square.

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A324745 Numbers k with exactly two distinct prime factors and such that phi(k) is a square.

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A324746 Numbers k with exactly two distinct prime factors and such that phi(k) is square, when k = p^(2s+1) * q^(2t+1) with p < q primes, s,t >= 0.

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