A344199 Numbers m > 15 such that x^m + x^15 + 1 is irreducible over GF(2) while x^m + x^15 + x^10 + x^5 + 1 = x^m + (x^5 + 1)^3 is not.

18, 36, 60, 252, 708, 834, 900, 2178, 7722, 7980

Offset: 1

Author

Jianing Song, May 11 2021

Keywords

• nonn
• hard
• more

Comments

Conjecture: Given e >= 0, odd numbers r, k > 0, a > 2^e*r*k, consider the following two statements:

(A) x^m + (x^k + 1)^(2^e*r) is irreducible over GF(2);

(B) x^m + x^(2^e*r*k) + 1 is irreducible over GF(2),

then:

(i) (A) implies (B);

(ii) if (B) is true and (A) is false, then:

(a) gcd(m,r) > 1;

(b) if prime p | gcd(m,r*k), then p*ord_p(2) | m;

(c) if e > 0, then m is odd.

Here ord(2,p) is the multiplicative order of 2 modulo p.

In other words, assuming that (B) is true, (A) is false if and only if (a), (b), (c) hold. (For the "if" part, note that if d = gcd(m,2^e*r) > 1 then x^m + (x^k + 1)^(2^e*r) must be reducible, since it is divisible by x^(m/d) + (x^k + 1)^(2^e*r/d).)

Here is the case r = 3, k = 5, e = 0, and (ii) means that m is in this sequence if and only if x^m + x^15 + 1 is irreducible, m is a multiple of 6, if m is divisible by 5 then m is a multiple of 20.

Examples

			18 is a term because x^18 + x^15 + 1 is irreducible over GF(2) but x^18 + x^15 + x^10 + x^5 + 1 is not: x^18 + x^15 + x^12 + x^3 + 1 = (x^2 + x + 1)*(x^6 + x^5 + 1)*(x^10 + x^4 + x^3 + x + 1).
		

Crossrefs

Similar sequences: A344177 (r=3, k=1), A344198 (r=3, k=3), this sequence (r=3, k=5), A344197 (r=5, k=1), A344200 (r=5, k=3).

Programs

PARI

isA344199(n) = polisirreducible(Mod(x^n+x^15+1, 2)) && !polisirreducible(Mod(x^n+x^15+x^10+x^5+1, 2))

Extensions

a(9)-a(10) from Michel Marcus, May 18 2021