cp's OEIS Frontend

Let Z be the Riemann zeta function, and consider its sequence of nontrivial zeros with nonnegative imaginary part, {r(m)}, so that for every m >= 1, Z(r(m)) = 0, 0 <= Re(r(m)) <= 1, and 0 <= Im(r(m)), and for every k > m, Im(r(m)) < Im(r(k)), or Im(r(m)) = Im(r(k)) and Re(r(m)) < Re(r(k)).

Let i be the imaginary unit, and define the sequence {b(m)} as follows: b(1) = Z((r(1)-1/2)/i), b(2) = Z((r(1)-1/2)/i + Z((r(2)-1/2)/i)), b(3) = Z((r(1)-1/2)/i + Z((r(2)-1/2)/i + Z((r(3)-1/2)/i))), and so on. If this sequence converges, we call its limit the pearl of Z.

Suppose that the Riemann Hypothesis is true. Then the sequence {b(m)} is real. On the interval [2,oo), Z is decreasing, positive, and bounded above by 2, so {b(2*m-1)} is decreasing and bounded below by 0, and hence, it converges to a real value, say A. Moreover, {b(2*m)} is increasing and b(2*m) <= b(2*m+1), and by repeated application of the mean value theorem, b(2*m+1) - b(2*m) <= Z(Im(r(2*m+1))) * |Z'(Im(r(1)))|^(2*m) <= 2*(4/100000)^(2*m), so {b(2*m)} also converges to A, and {a(n)} is the decimal expansion of this value.

We don't know if the existence of a real pearl of Z implies the Riemann Hypothesis.

More generally, the definition of pearl works for Dirichlet L-functions, giving rise to analogous constants, not necessarily real.

Decimal expansion of sqrt(1 + sqrt(8 + sqrt(432 + sqrt(1327104 + ... + sqrt(k*A030450(k) + ...))))).