A246660 -id:A246660 - cp's OEIS frontend

A106831 Define a triangle in which the entries are of the form +-1/(b!c!d!e!...), where the order of the factorials is important; read the triangle by rows and record and expand the denominators.

2, 6, 4, 24, 12, 12, 8, 120, 48, 36, 24, 48, 24, 24, 16, 720, 240, 144, 96, 144, 72, 72, 48, 240, 96, 72, 48, 96, 48, 48, 32, 5040, 1440, 720, 480, 576, 288, 288, 192, 720, 288, 216, 144, 288, 144, 144, 96, 1440, 480, 288, 192, 288, 144, 144, 96, 480, 192, 144, 96, 192

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane, May 22 2005

Row n has 2^n terms. Row 0 is +1/2!. An entry +-1/b!c!d!... has two children, a left child -+1/(a+1)!b!c!... and a right child +-1/2!b!c!d!...

Let S_n = sum of entries in row n of the triangle. Then for n > 0, n!S_{n-1} is the Bernoulli number B_n.

			Woon's "Bernoulli Tree" begins like this (see also the given Wikipedia-link). This sequence gives the values of the denominators:
                                     +1
                                    ────
                                     2!
                 -1                 /  \                  +1
                ──── ............../    \.............. ─────
                 3!                                      2!2!
        +1        .         -1                 -1         .         +1
       ────      / \       ────               ────       / \      ──────
        4! ...../   \..... 2!3!               3!2! ...../   \.... 2!2!2!
       / \                 / \                 / \                 / \
      /   \               /   \               /   \               /   \
     /     \             /     \             /     \             /     \
    -1      +1         +1       -1         +1      -1          -1       +1
   ────    ────       ────     ──────     ────   ──────      ──────  ────────
    5!     2!4!       3!3!     2!2!3!     4!2!   2!3!2!      3!2!2!  2!2!2!2!
etc.

Reinhard Zumkeller, Rows n = 0..13 of table, flattened
Wikipedia, Bernoulli number: A binary tree representation
S. C. Woon, A tree for generating Bernoulli numbers, Math. Mag., 70 (1997), 51-56.
Index entries for sequences related to Bernoulli numbers.

Cf. A242179 (numerators), A050925, A050932, A000142.
Cf. A001013, A060054, A075180, A164555, A027642, A246660.
Cf. A323505 (mirror image), and also A005940, A283477, A322827 for other similar trees.

a106831 n k = a106831_tabf !! n !! n
a106831_row n = a106831_tabf !! n
a106831_tabf = map (map (\(, , left, right) -> left * right)) $
   iterate (concatMap (\(x, f, left, right) -> let f' = f * x in
   [(x + 1, f', f', right), (3, 2, 2, left * right)])) [(3, 2, 2, 1)]
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, May 05 2014

Contribution from Peter Luschny, Jun 12 2009: (Start)
The routine computes the triangle row by row and gives the numbers with their sign.
Thus A(1)=[2]; A(2)=[ -6,4]; A(3)=[24,-12,-12,8]; etc.
A := proc(n) local k, i, j, m, W, T; k := 2;
W := array(0..2^n); W[1] := [1,`if`(n=0,1,2)];
for i from 1 to n-1 do for m from k by 2 to 2*k-1 do
T := W[iquo(m,2)]; W[m] := [ -T[1],T[2]+1,seq(T[j],j=3..nops(T))];
W[m+1] := [T[1],2,seq(T[j],j=2..nops(T))]; od; k := 2*k; od;
seq(W[i][1]*mul(W[i][j]!,j=2..nops(W[i])),i=iquo(k,2)..k-1) end:
seq(print(A(i)),i=1..5); (End)

a [n_] := Module[{k, i, j, m, w, t}, k = 2; w = Array[0&, 2^n]; w[[1]] := {1, If[n == 0, 1, 2]}; For[i = 1, i <= n-1, i++, For[m = k, m <= 2*k-1 , m = m+2, t = w[[Quotient[m, 2]]]; w[[m]] = {-t[[1]], t[[2]]+1, Sequence @@ Table[t[[j]], {j, 3, Length[t]}]}; w[[m+1]] = {t[[1]], 2, Sequence @@ Table[t[[j]], {j, 2, Length[t]}]}]; k = 2*k]; Table[w[[i, 1]]*Product[w[[i, j]]!, {j, 2, Length[w[[i]]]}], {i, Quotient[k, 2], k-1}]]; Table[a[i] , {i, 1, 6}] // Flatten // Abs (* Jean-François Alcover, Dec 20 2013, translated from Maple *)

A106831off1(n) = if(!n,1, my(rl=1, m=1); while(n,if(!(n%2), rl++, m *= ((1+rl)!); rl=1); n >>= 1); (m));
A106831(n) = A106831off1(1+n); \\ Antti Karttunen, Jan 16 2019

A001511(n) = (1+valuation(n,2));
A106831r1(n) = if(!n,1,if(n%2, 2*A106831r1((n-1)/2), (1+A001511(n))*A106831r1(n/2))); \\ Implements the given recurrence.
A106831(n) = A106831r1(1+n); \\ Antti Karttunen, Jan 16 2019

From Antti Karttunen, Jan 16 2019: (Start)
If sequence is shifted one term to the right, then the following recurrence works:
a(0) = 1; and for n > 0, a(2n) = (1+A001511(2n))*a(n), a(2n+1) = 2*a(n).
(End)

More terms from Franklin T. Adams-Watters, Apr 28 2006

Example section reillustrated by Antti Karttunen, Jan 16 2019

A246661 Run Length Transform of swinging factorials (A056040).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 6, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 6, 6, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 6, 2, 2, 2, 4, 6, 6, 6, 30, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 6, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 6, 6, 2, 2, 2, 4, 2, 2, 4, 12, 6, 6, 6, 12, 6, 6, 30, 20, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 6, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 6, 6, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1

Offset: 0

Peter Luschny, Sep 07 2014

For the definition of the Run Length Transform see A246595.

Alois P. Heinz, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..8191

Cf. A227349, A246588, A246595, A246596, A246660.

f[n_] := n!/Quotient[n, 2]!^2; Table[Times @@ (f[Length[#]]&) /@ Select[ Split[ IntegerDigits[n, 2]], #[[1]] == 1&], {n, 0, 85}] (* Jean-François Alcover, Jul 11 2017 *)

# use RLT function from A278159
from math import factorial
def A246661(n): return RLT(n,lambda m: factorial(m)//factorial(m//2)**2) # Chai Wah Wu, Feb 04 2022

# uses[RLT from A246660]
A246661_list = lambda len: RLT(lambda n: factorial(n)/factorial(n//2)^2, len)
A246661_list(88)

a(2^n-1) = n$ where n$ is the swinging factorial of n, A056040(n).

A323505 Mirror image of (denominators of) Bernoulli tree, A106831.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 12, 24, 16, 24, 24, 48, 24, 36, 48, 120, 32, 48, 48, 96, 48, 72, 96, 240, 48, 72, 72, 144, 96, 144, 240, 720, 64, 96, 96, 192, 96, 144, 192, 480, 96, 144, 144, 288, 192, 288, 480, 1440, 96, 144, 144, 288, 144, 216, 288, 720, 192, 288, 288, 576, 480, 720, 1440, 5040, 128, 192, 192, 384, 192, 288, 384, 960, 192, 288, 288

Offset: 0

Antti Karttunen, Jan 16 2019

In contrast to A106831 which follows Woon's original indexing (and orientation), this variant starts with value a(0) = 1, with the rest of terms having an index incremented by one, thus allowing for a simple recurrence.

Sequence contains only terms of A001013 and each a(n) is a multiple of A246660(n).

			This sequence can be represented as a binary tree:
                                       1
                                       |
                    ...................2....................
                   4                                        6
         8......../ \........12                 12........./ \.......24
        / \                 / \                 / \                 / \
       /   \               /   \               /   \               /   \
      /     \             /     \             /     \             /     \
    16       24         24       48         24       36         48      120
  32  48   48  96     48  72   96  240    48  72   72  144    96  144 240  720
etc.

Antti Karttunen, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..16383
S. C. Woon, A tree for generating Bernoulli numbers, Math. Mag., 70 (1997), 51-56.
Index entries for sequences related to Bernoulli numbers.

Cf. A000079 (left edge), A000142 (right edge), A001013, A001511, A036987, A054429, A246660, A323506, A323508.

Cf. A106831 and also A005940, A283477, A322827 for other similar trees.

A001511(n) = (1+valuation(n,2));
A036987(n) = !bitand(n,1+n);
A323505(n) = if(!n,1,if(!(n%2), 2*A323505(n/2), (A001511(n+1)+1-A036987(n))*A323505((n-1)/2)));

A054429(n) = if(!n,n,((3<<#binary(n\2))-n-1)); \\ From A054429
A106831r1(n) = if(!n,1,if(n%2, 2*A106831r1((n-1)/2), (1+A001511(n))*A106831r1(n/2))); \\ Recurrence for A106831, when prepended with 1, thus shifted one term right
A323505(n) = A106831r1(A054429(n));

a(0) = 1; and for n > 0, if n is even, a(n) = 2*a(n/2), and if n is odd, a(n) = (A001511(n+1)+1-A036987(n)) * a((n-1)/2).
For n > 0, a(n) = b(A054429(n)), where b(n) = A106831(n-1).
a(n) = A246660(n) * A323506(n).
a(n) = A323508(A005940(1+n)).

A247282 Run Length Transform of A001317.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 3, 5, 1, 1, 1, 3, 3, 3, 5, 15, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 3, 5, 3, 3, 3, 9, 5, 5, 15, 17, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 3, 5, 1, 1, 1, 3, 3, 3, 5, 15, 3, 3, 3, 9, 3, 3, 9, 15, 5, 5, 5, 15, 15, 15, 17, 51, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 3, 5, 1, 1, 1, 3, 3, 3, 5, 15, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 3, 5, 3, 3, 3, 9, 5, 5, 15, 17, 3, 3, 3, 9, 3, 3, 9, 15, 3, 3, 3, 9, 9, 9, 15, 45

Offset: 0

Antti Karttunen, Sep 22 2014

nonn

The Run Length Transform of a sequence {S(n), n>=0} is defined to be the sequence {T(n), n>=0} given by T(n) = Product_i S(i), where i runs through the lengths of runs of 1's in the binary expansion of n. E.g. 19 is 10011 in binary, which has two runs of 1's, of lengths 1 and 2. So T(19) = S(1)*S(2). T(0)=1 (the empty product).

This sequence is obtained by applying Run Length Transform to the right-shifted version of the sequence A001317: 1, 3, 5, 15, 17, 51, 85, 255, 257, ...

			115 is '1110011' in binary. The run lengths of 1-runs are 2 and 3, thus a(115) = A001317(2-1) * A001317(3-1) = 3*5 = 15.
From _Omar E. Pol_, Feb 15 2015: (Start)
Written as an irregular triangle in which row lengths are the terms of A011782:
1;
1;
1,3;
1,1,3,5;
1,1,1,3,3,3,5,15;
1,1,1,3,1,1,3,5,3,3,3,9,5,5,15,17;
1,1,1,3,1,1,3,5,1,1,1,3,3,3,5,15,3,3,3,9,3,3,9,15,5,5,5,15,15,15,17,51;
...
Right border gives 1 together with A001317.
(End)

Antti Karttunen, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..8192

Cf. A003714 (gives the positions of ones).
Cf. A001317, A051179.
A001316 is obtained when the same transformation is applied to A000079, the powers of two.
Run Length Transforms of other sequences: A071053, A227349, A246588, A246595, A246596, A246660, A246661, A246674, A246685.

a1317[n_] := FromDigits[ Table[ Mod[Binomial[n-1, k], 2], {k, 0, n-1}], 2];
Table[ Times @@ (a1317[Length[#]]&) /@ Select[Split[IntegerDigits[n, 2]], #[[1]] == 1&], {n, 0, 100}] (* Jean-François Alcover, Jul 11 2017 *)

# uses RLT function from A278159
def A247282(n): return RLT(n,lambda m: int(''.join(str(int(not(~(m-1)&k))) for k in range(m)),2)) # Chai Wah Wu, Feb 04 2022

For all n >= 0, a(A051179(n)) = A246674(A051179(n)) = A051179(n).

A246685 Run Length Transform of sequence 1, 3, 5, 17, 257, 65537, ... (1 followed by Fermat numbers).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 3, 5, 1, 1, 1, 3, 3, 3, 5, 17, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 3, 5, 3, 3, 3, 9, 5, 5, 17, 257, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 3, 5, 1, 1, 1, 3, 3, 3, 5, 17, 3, 3, 3, 9, 3, 3, 9, 15, 5, 5, 5, 15, 17, 17, 257, 65537, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 3, 5, 1, 1, 1, 3, 3, 3, 5, 17, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 3, 5, 3, 3, 3, 9, 5, 5, 17, 257

Offset: 0

Antti Karttunen, Sep 22 2014

nonn

This sequence is obtained by applying Run Length Transform to sequence b = 1, 3, 5, 17, 257, 65537, ... (1 followed by Fermat numbers, with b(1) = 1, b(2) = 3, b(3) = 5, ..., b(n) = 2^(2^(n-2)) + 1 for n >= 2).

			115 is '1110011' in binary. The run lengths of 1-runs are 2 and 3, thus we multiply the second and the third elements of the sequence 1, 3, 5, 17, 257, 65537, ... to get a(115) = 3*5 = 15.

Antti Karttunen, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1024

Cf. A003714 (gives the positions of ones).
Cf. A000215.
A001316 is obtained when the same transformation is applied to A000079, the powers of two. Cf. also A001317.
Run Length Transforms of other sequences: A071053, A227349, A246588, A246595, A246596, A246660, A246661, A246674, A247282.

f[n_] := Switch[n, 0|1, 1, , 2^(2^(n-2))+1]; Table[Times @@ (f[Length[#]] &) /@ Select[s = Split[IntegerDigits[n, 2]], #[[1]] == 1&], {n, 0, 95}] (* _Jean-François Alcover, Jul 11 2017 *)

# use RLT function from A278159
def A246685(n): return RLT(n,lambda m: 1 if m <= 1 else 2**(2**(m-2))+1) # Chai Wah Wu, Feb 04 2022

cp's OEIS Frontend

A106831 Define a triangle in which the entries are of the form +-1/(b!c!d!e!...), where the order of the factorials is important; read the triangle by rows and record and expand the denominators.

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A246661 Run Length Transform of swinging factorials (A056040).

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A323505 Mirror image of (denominators of) Bernoulli tree, A106831.

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A247282 Run Length Transform of A001317.

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A246685 Run Length Transform of sequence 1, 3, 5, 17, 257, 65537, ... (1 followed by Fermat numbers).

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