A000189 Number of solutions to x^3 == 0 (mod n).
1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 4, 3, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 4, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 4, 5, 1, 9, 2, 1, 1, 1, 8, 1, 1, 1, 6, 1, 1, 1, 4, 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 1, 1, 4, 7, 5, 1, 2, 1, 9, 1, 4, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 3, 16, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 12, 1, 1, 5, 2, 1, 1, 1, 4, 9, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 4, 1, 3
Offset: 1
Examples
a(4) = 2 because 0^3 == 0, 1^3 == 1, 2^3 == 0, and 3^3 == 3 (mod 4); also, a(9) = 3 because 0^3 = 0, 3^3 == 0, and 6^3 = 0 (mod 9), while x^3 =/= 0 (mod 9) for x = 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8. - _Petros Hadjicostas_, Sep 16 2019
Links
- T. D. Noe, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
- Henry Bottomley, Some Smarandache-type multiplicative sequences.
- Steven R. Finch and Pascal Sebah, Squares and Cubes Modulo n, arXiv:math/0604465 [math.NT], 2006-2016.
- Lorenz Halbeisen and Norbert Hungerbuehler, Number theoretic aspects of a combinatorial function, Notes on Number Theory and Discrete Mathematics 5(4) (1999), 138-150. (ps, pdf); see Definition 7 for the shadow transform.
- Vaclav Kotesovec, Graph - the asymptotic ratio (100000 terms).
- OEIS Wiki, Shadow transform.
- N. J. A. Sloane, Transforms.
Programs
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Mathematica
Array[ Function[ n, Count[ Array[ PowerMod[ #, 3, n ]&, n, 0 ], 0 ] ], 100 ] f[p_, e_] := p^Floor[2*e/3]; a[1] = 1; a[n_] := Times @@ f @@@ FactorInteger[n]; Array[a, 100] (* Amiram Eldar, Sep 19 2020 *)
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PARI
a(n)=my(f=factor(n));prod(i=1,#f[,1],f[i,1]^(2*f[i,2]\3)) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Jun 06 2013
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PARI
for(n=1, 100, print1(direuler(p=2, n, (1 + X + p*X^2)/(1 - p^2*X^3))[n], ", ")) \\ Vaclav Kotesovec, Aug 30 2021
Formula
Multiplicative with a(p^e) = p^[2e/3]. - David W. Wilson, Aug 01 2001
a(n) = n/A019555(n). - Petros Hadjicostas, Sep 15 2019
Dirichlet g.f.: zeta(3*s-2) * Product_{p prime} (1 + 1/p^s + 1/p^(2*s-1)). - Amiram Eldar, Sep 09 2023
From Vaclav Kotesovec, Sep 09 2023: (Start)
Dirichlet g.f.: zeta(s) * zeta(2*s-1) * zeta(3*s-2) * Product_{p prime} (1 - 1/p^(2*s) - 1/p^(3*s-1) - 1/p^(4*s-2) + 1/p^(4*s-1) + 1/p^(5*s-2)).
Let f(s) = Product_{primes p} (1 - 1/p^(2*s) - 1/p^(3*s-1) - 1/p^(4*s-2) + 1/p^(4*s-1) + 1/p^(5*s-2)).
Sum_{k=1..n} a(k) ~ (f(1)*n/6) * (log(n)^2/2 + (6*gamma - 1 + f'(1)/f(1))*log(n) + 1 - 6*gamma + 11*gamma^2 - 14*sg1 + (6*gamma - 1)*f'(1)/f(1) + f''(1)/(2*f(1))), where
f(1) = Product_{primes p} (1 - 3/p^2 + 2/p^3) = A065473 = 0.2867474284344787341078927127898384464343318440970569956414778593366522431...,
f'(1) = f(1) * Sum_{primes p} 9*log(p) / (p^2 + p - 2) = f(1) * 4.1970213428422788650375569145777616746065054412058004220013841318980729375...,
f''(1) = f'(1)^2/f(1) + f(1) * Sum_{primes p} (-29*p^2 - 17*p + 1) * log(p)^2 / (p^2 + p - 2)^2 = f'(1)^2/f(1) + f(1) * (-21.3646716550082193262514333696570765444176783899223644201265894338042468...),
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