A000252 Number of invertible 2 X 2 matrices mod n.

1, 6, 48, 96, 480, 288, 2016, 1536, 3888, 2880, 13200, 4608, 26208, 12096, 23040, 24576, 78336, 23328, 123120, 46080, 96768, 79200, 267168, 73728, 300000, 157248, 314928, 193536, 682080, 138240, 892800, 393216, 633600, 470016, 967680, 373248, 1822176, 738720

Offset: 1

Author

N. J. A. Sloane

Keywords

• nonn
• easy
• nice
• mult

Comments

For a prime p, a(p) = (p^2 - 1)*(p^2 - p) (this is the order of GL(2,p)). More generally a(n) is multiplicative: if the canonical factorization of n is the Product_{i=1..k} (p_i)^(e_i), then a(n) = Product_{i=1..k} (((p_i)^(2*e_i) - (p_i)^(2*e_i - 2)) * ((p_i)^(2*e_i) - (p_i)^(2*e_i - 1))). - Brian Wallace (wallacebrianedward(AT)yahoo.co.uk), Apr 05 2001, Dan Fux (dan.fux(AT)OpenGaia.com or danfux(AT)OpenGaia.com), Apr 18 2001

a(n) is the order of the automorphism group of the group C_n X C_n, where C_n is the cyclic group of order n. - Laszlo Toth, Dec 06 2011

Order of the group GL(2,Z_n). For n > 2, a(n) is divisible by 48. - Jianing Song, Jul 08 2018

Links

• T. D. Noe, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..1000
• Geoffrey Critzer, Combinatorics of Vector Spaces over Finite Fields, Master's thesis, Emporia State University, 2018.
• C. J. Hillar and D. L. Rhea, Automorphisms of finite abelian groups, arXiv:math/0605185 [math.GR], 2006.
• C. J. Hillar and D. L. Rhea, Automorphisms of finite abelian groups, Amer. Math. Monthly 114 (2007), no 10, 917-923.
• J. Overbey, W. Traves and J. Wojdylo, On the Keyspace of the Hill Cipher, Cryptologia, Vol. 29 , Iss. 1, 2005.

Crossrefs

The order of GL_2(K) for a finite field K is in sequence A059238.

Row n=2 of A316622.

Row sums of A316566.

Cf. A064767 (GL(3,Z_n)), A305186 (GL(4,Z_n)).

Cf. A000056 (SL(2,Z_n)), A011785 (SL(3,Z_n)), A011786 (SL(4,Z_n)).

Cf. A227499.

Programs

Mathematica

Table[n*EulerPhi[n]*Sum[d^2 MoebiusMu[n/d], {d, Divisors[n]}], {n, 21}] (* Jean-François Alcover, Apr 04 2011, after Vladeta Jovovic *)

PARI

a(n)=my(f=factor(n)[,1]); n^4*prod(i=1,#f, (1-1/f[i]^2)*(1-1/f[i])) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Feb 06 2017

Python

from math import prod
from sympy import factorint
def A000252(n): return prod(p**((e<<2)-3)*(p*(p*(p-1)-1)+1) for p,e in factorint(n).items()) # Chai Wah Wu, Mar 04 2025

Formula

a(n) = n^4*Product_{primes p dividing n} (1 - 1/p^2)*(1 - 1/p) = n^4*Product_{primes p dividing n} p^(-3)*(p^2 - 1)*(p - 1). - Dan Fux (dan.fux(AT)OpenGaia.com or danfux(AT)OpenGaia.com), Apr 18 2001

Multiplicative with a(p^e) = (p - 1)^2*(p + 1)*p^(4e-3). - David W. Wilson, Aug 01 2001

a(n) = A000056(n)*phi(n), where phi is Euler totient function (cf. A000010). - Vladeta Jovovic, Oct 30 2001

Dirichlet g.f.: zeta(s - 4)*Product_{p prime} (1 - p^(1 - s)*(p^2 + p - 1)). - Álvar Ibeas, Nov 28 2017

a(n) = A227499(n) for odd n; (3/4)*A227499(n) for even n. - Jianing Song, Jul 08 2018

Sum_{k=1..n} a(k) ~ c * n^5 / 5, where c = A330523 = Product_{primes p} (1 - 1/p^2 - 1/p^3 + 1/p^4) = 0.5358961538283379998085... - Vaclav Kotesovec, Aug 20 2021

Sum_{n>=1} 1/a(n) = (Pi^8/3240) * Product_{p prime} (1 - 2/p^2 + 1/p^4 + 1/p^5 + 2/p^6 - 1/p^8) = 1.2059016071... . - Amiram Eldar, Dec 03 2022

Extensions

More terms from David W. Wilson, Jul 21 2001