A022818 Square array read by antidiagonals: A(n,k) = number of terms in the n-th derivative of a function composed with itself k times (n, k >= 1).

1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 3, 3, 1, 1, 4, 6, 5, 1, 1, 5, 10, 13, 7, 1, 1, 6, 15, 26, 23, 11, 1, 1, 7, 21, 45, 55, 44, 15, 1, 1, 8, 28, 71, 110, 121, 74, 22, 1, 1, 9, 36, 105, 196, 271, 237, 129, 30, 1, 1, 10, 45, 148, 322, 532, 599, 468, 210, 42, 1, 1, 11, 55, 201, 498, 952, 1301, 1309, 867, 345, 56, 1

Offset: 1

Author

N. J. A. Sloane

Keywords

• nonn
• tabl

Examples

			Square array A(n,k) (with rows n >= 1 and columns k >= 1) begins:
  1,  1,   1,   1,    1,    1,    1,     1, ...
  1,  2,   3,   4,    5,    6,    7,     8, ...
  1,  3,   6,  10,   15,   21,   28,    36, ...
  1,  5,  13,  26,   45,   71,  105,   148, ...
  1,  7,  23,  55,  110,  196,  322,   498, ...
  1, 11,  44, 121,  271,  532,  952,  1590, ...
  1, 15,  74, 237,  599, 1301, 2541,  4586, ...
  1, 22, 129, 468, 1309, 3101, 6539, 12644, ...
  ...
		

References

• Winston C. Yang (yang(AT)math.wisc.edu), Derivatives of self-compositions of functions, preprint, 1997.

Links

• Alois P. Heinz, Antidiagonals n = 1..141
• Warren P. Johnson, The curious history of Faà di Bruno's formula, American Mathematical Monthly, 109 (2002), 217-234.
• Warren P. Johnson, The curious history of Faà di Bruno's formula, American Mathematical Monthly, 109 (2002), 217-234.
• Winston C. Yang, Derivatives are essentially integer partitions, Discrete Mathematics, 222(1-3), July 2000, 235-245. [Take the transpose of Table 2 on p. 241 and omit row 0 and column 0; A(n,k) = M(k,n). - _Petros Hadjicostas_, May 30 2020]

Crossrefs

Rows n=1-10 give: A000012, A000027, A000217, A008778, A022815, A022816, A022817, A215626, A215627, A215628.

Columns k=1-10 give: A000012, A000041, A022811, A022812, A022813, A022814, A024207, A024208, A024209, A024210.

Main diagonal gives: A192435.

Cf. A008284, A081719.

Programs

Maple

A:= proc(n, k) option remember;
      `if`(k=1, 1, add(b(n, n, i)*A(i, k-1), i=0..n))
    end:
b:= proc(n, i, k) option remember; `if`(nAlois P. Heinz, Aug 18 2012
# second Maple program:
b:= proc(n, i, l, k) option remember; `if`(k=0,
      `if`(n<2, 1, 0), `if`(n=0 or i=1, b(l+n$2, 0, k-1),
         b(n, i-1, l, k) +b(n-i, min(n-i, i), l+1, k)))
    end:
A:= (n, k)->  b(n$2, 0, k):
seq(seq(A(n, 1+d-n), n=1..d), d=1..12);  # Alois P. Heinz, Jul 19 2018

Mathematica

a[n_, k_] := a[n, k] = If[k == 1, 1, Sum[b[n, n, i]*a[i, k-1], {i, 0, n}]]; b[n_, i_, k_] := b[n, i, k] = If[n < k, 0, If[n == 0, 1, If[i < 1, 0, Sum[b[n-i*j, i-1, k-j], {j, 0, Min[n/i, k]}]]]]; Table[Table[a[n, 1+d-n], {n, 1, d}], {d, 1, 12}] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Jan 14 2014, translated from Alois P. Heinz's Maple code *)

PARI

P(n, k) = #partitions(n-k, k); /* A008284 */
tabl(nn) = {M = matrix(nn, nn, n, k, 0); for(n=1, nn, M[n, 1] = 1; ); for(n=1, nn, for(k=2, nn, M[n, k] = sum(s=1, n, P(n, s)*M[s, k-1]))); for (n=1, nn, for (k=1, nn, print1(M[n, k], ", "); ); print(); ); } \\ Petros Hadjicostas, May 30 2020

Formula

From Petros Hadjicostas, May 30 2020: (Start)

A(n,k) = Sum_{s=1..n} A008284(n,s)*A(s,k-1) for n >= 1 and k >= 2 with A(n,1) = 1 for n >= 1.

A(n,k) = Sum_{s=1..n} binomial(k,s-1)*A081719(n-1,s-1) for n, k >= 1. (End)

Extensions

Edited by Alois P. Heinz, Aug 18 2012