A035187 Sum over divisors d of n of Kronecker symbol (5|d).

1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 2, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 2, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0

Offset: 1

Author

N. J. A. Sloane

Keywords

• nonn
• mult

Comments

Let tau be the golden ratio (1+sqrt(5))/2; let zetaQ(tau)(s)=sum(1/(Z(tau):a)^s) the Dedekind zeta function where a runs through the nonzero ideals of Z(tau) and where (Z(tau):a) is the norm of a; then zetaQ(tau)(s)=sum(n>=1,a(n)/n^s). - Benoit Cloitre, Dec 29 2002

First occurrence of k beginning at zero, or 0 if not yet known: 2, 1, 11, 121, 209, 14641, 2299, 1771561, 6061, 43681, 278179, 0, 66671, 0, 33659659, 5285401, 187891, 0, 1266749, 0, 8067191, 639533521, 0, 0, 2066801, 0, 0, 36735721, 976130111, 0, 153276629, 0, 7703531, 0, 0, 0, 39269219, 0, 0, 0, 250082921, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 84738841, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 454508329, ..., .

If k is prime, the 0 above can be replaced by the smallest p^(k-1) with p a prime == {1,4} (mod 5), which is p=11. This follows from the multiplicative formula. - R. J. Mathar, Apr 02 2011

The terms often equal A001157(n) mod 5; the exceptions are at n = 2299, 3509, 3751, 3971, 4961, 6061, 6479, ... - R. J. Mathar, Apr 02 2011

Coefficients of Dedekind zeta function for the quadratic number field of discriminant 5. See A002324 for formula and Maple code. - N. J. A. Sloane, Mar 22 2022

Examples

			G.f. = x + x^4 + x^5 + x^9 + 2*x^11 + x^16 + 2*x^19 + x^20 + x^25 + 2*x^29 + ...
		

Links

• G. C. Greubel, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..5000
• M. Baake, Algebra, Combinatorics and Number Theory.
• M. Baake and R. V. Moody, Similarity submodules and root systems in four dimensions, arXiv:math/9904028 [math.MG], 1999.
• M. Baake and R. V. Moody, Similarity submodules and root systems in four dimensions, Canad. J. Math. 51 (1999), 1258-1276.

Crossrefs

Cf. A031363 (for indices of nonzero terms), A078428.

Cf. A001622, A086466.

Dedekind zeta functions for imaginary quadratic number fields of discriminants -3, -4, -7, -8, -11, -15, -19, -20 are A002324, A002654, A035182, A002325, A035179, A035175, A035171, A035170, respectively.

Dedekind zeta functions for real quadratic number fields of discriminants 5, 8, 12, 13, 17, 21, 24, 28, 29, 33, 37, 40 are A035187, A035185, A035194, A035195, A035199, A035203, A035188, A035210, A035211, A035215, A035219, A035192, respectively.

Programs

Maple

A035187 := proc(n) local f,p; f := ifactors(n)[2] ; if nops(f) = 1 then p := op(1,f) ; if op(1,p) = 5 then 1; elif op(1,p) mod 5 in {1,4} then op(2,p)+1 ; else (1+(-1)^op(2,p))/2 ; end if; else mul(procname(op(1,p)^op(2,p) ),p=f) ; end if;
end proc: # R. J. Mathar, Apr 02 2011

Mathematica

f[n_] := Plus @@ (KroneckerSymbol[5, #] & /@ Divisors@ n); Array[f, 105] (* Robert G. Wilson v *)
a[ n_] := If[ n < 1, 0, DivisorSum[ n, KroneckerSymbol[ 5, #] &]]; (* Michael Somos, Jun 12 2014 *)

PARI

{a(n) = if( n<1, 0, direuler( p=2, n, 1 / (1 - X) / (1 - kronecker( 5, p) * X))[n])}; \\ Michael Somos, Jun 06 2005

PARI

{a(n) = local(A, p, e); if( n<1, 0, A = factor(n); prod( k=1, matsize(A)[1], if( p = A[k,1], e = A[k,2]; if( p==5, 1, if((p%5==1) || (p%5==4), e+1, !(e%2))))))}; \\ Michael Somos, Jun 06 2005

PARI

{a(n) = if( n<1, 0, sumdiv( n, d, kronecker( 5, d) ) )}; \\ Michael Somos, Oct 29 2005

Formula

Dirichlet g.f.: Product_p ( (1 - p^(-s)) (1 - Kronecker( 5, p)*p^(-s)) )^(-1).

Sum_{k=1..n} a(k) is asymptotic to c*n where c=2*log(tau)/sqrt(5) (A086466).

Multiplicative with a(5^e) = 1, a(p^e) = e+1 if p == 1, 4 (mod 5), a(p^e) = (1+(-1)^e)/2 if p == 2, 3 (mod 5). - Michael Somos, Jun 06 2005

Moebius transform is period 5 sequence A080891. - Michael Somos, Oct 29 2005

q-series for a(n): Sum_{n >= 1} -(-1)^nq^(n(n+1)/2)(1-q)(1-q^2)...(1-q^(n-1))/((1-q^(n+1))(1-q^(n+2))...(1-q^(2n))). - Jeremy Lovejoy, Jun 12 2009