A059530 Triangle T(n,k) of k-block T_0-tricoverings of an n-set, n >= 3, k = 0..2*n.

0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 3, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 39, 89, 43, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 252, 2192, 4090, 2435, 445, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1260, 37080, 179890, 289170, 188540, 50645, 4710, 70, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5040, 536760, 6052730, 20660055, 29432319, 19826737, 6481160, 964495, 52430

Offset: 3

Author

Vladeta Jovovic, Feb 22 2001

Keywords

• nonn
• tabf

Comments

A covering of a set is a tricovering if every element of the set is covered by exactly three blocks of the covering. A covering of a set is a T_0-covering if for every two distinct elements of the set there exists a block of the covering containing one but not the other element.

Examples

			Triangle begins:
  [0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 3, 1],
  [0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 39, 89, 43, 3],
  [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 252, 2192, 4090, 2435, 445, 12],
  [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1260, 37080, 179890, 289170, 188540, 50645, 4710, 70],
   ...
There are 5 = 1 + 3 + 1 T_0-tricoverings of a 3-set and 175 = 1 + 39 + 89 + 43 + 3 T_0-tricoverings of a 4-set, cf. A060070.
		

References

• I. P. Goulden and D. M. Jackson, Combinatorial Enumeration, John Wiley and Sons, N.Y., 1983.

Links

• Andrew Howroyd, Table of n, a(n) for n = 3..1674
• Vladeta Jovovic, T_0-tricoverings of a 4-set

Crossrefs

Column sums are A060069.

Row sums are A060070.

Cf. A059443, A060052, A060092, A060487, A060492, A331039.

Programs

PARI

\\ gets k-th column as vector
C(k)=if(k<4, [], Vecrev(serlaplace(polcoef(exp(-x + x^2/2 + x^3*y/3 + O(x*x^k))*sum(i=0, 2*k, (1+y)^binomial(i, 3)*exp(-x^2*(1+y)^i/2 + O(x*x^k))*x^i/i!), k))/y)) \\ Andrew Howroyd, Jan 30 2020

PARI

T(n)={my(m=2*n, y='y + O('y^(n+1))); my(g=exp(-x + x^2/2 + x^3*y/3 + O(x*x^m))*sum(k=0, m, (1+y)^binomial(k, 3)*exp(-x^2*(1+y)^k/2 + O(x*x^m))*x^k/k!)); Mat([Col(serlaplace(p), -n) | p<-Vec(g)[2..m+1]]);}
{ my(A=T(8)); for(n=3, matsize(A)[1], print(concat([0], A[n, 1..2*n]))) } \\ Andrew Howroyd, Jan 30 2020

Formula

E.g.f. for k-block T_0-tricoverings of an n-set is exp(-x+1/2*x^2+1/3*x^3*y)*Sum_{i=0..inf}(1+y)^binomial(i, 3)*exp(-1/2*x^2*(1+y)^i)*x^i/i!.

T(n,k) = 0 for n > binomial(k, 3). - Andrew Howroyd, Jan 30 2020