A060515 -id:A060515 - cp's OEIS frontend

A059772 Smallest prime p such that n is a solution mod p of x^2 = 2, or 0 if no such prime exists.

0, 7, 7, 23, 17, 47, 31, 79, 0, 17, 71, 167, 97, 223, 127, 41, 23, 359, 199, 439, 241, 31, 41, 89, 337, 727, 0, 839, 449, 137, 73, 1087, 577, 1223, 647, 1367, 103, 0, 47, 73, 881, 1847, 967, 0, 151, 2207, 1151, 2399, 1249, 113, 193, 401, 0, 3023, 1567, 191, 0, 71

Offset: 2

Klaus Brockhaus, Feb 21 2001

nonn

Solutions mod p are represented by integers from 0 to p-1. The following equivalences hold for n > 1: There is a prime p such that n is a solution mod p of x^2 = 2 iff n^2-2 has a prime factor > n; n is a solution mod p of x^2 = 2 iff p is a prime factor of n^2-2 and p > n. n^2-2 has at most one prime factor > n, consequently such a factor is the only prime p such that n is a solution mod p of x^2 = 2. For n such that n^2-2 has no prime factor > n (the zeros in the sequence), cf. A060515.

			a(11) = 17, since 11 is a solution mod 17 of x^2 = 2 and 11 is not a solution mod p of x^2 = 2 for primes p < 17. Although 11^2 = 2 mod 7, prime 7 is excluded because 7 < 11 and 11 = 4 mod 7.

Robert Israel, Table of n, a(n) for n = 2..10000

Cf. A038873, A059770, A059771, A060515.

f:= proc(n) local P;
  P:= select(`>`,numtheory:-factorset(n^2-2),n);
  if P = {} then 0 else min(P) fi
end proc:
map(f, [$2..100]); # Robert Israel, Feb 23 2016

a[n_] := Module[{P}, P = Select[FactorInteger[n^2 - 2][[All, 1]], # > n&]; If[P == {}, 0, Min[P]]];
Table[a[n], {n, 2, 100}] (* Jean-François Alcover, Apr 10 2019, from Maple *)

If n^2-2 has a (unique) prime factor p > n, then a(n) = p, else a(n) = 0.

Offset corrected by R. J. Mathar, Aug 21 2009

A363102 Denominator of the continued fraction 1/(2-3/(3-4/(4-5/(...(n-1)-n/(-2))))).

Original entry on oeis.org

7, 7, 23, 17, 47, 31, 79, 7, 17, 71, 167, 97, 223, 127, 41, 23, 359, 199, 439, 241, 31, 41, 89, 337, 727, 1, 839, 449, 137, 73, 1087, 577, 1223, 647, 1367, 103, 1, 47, 73, 881, 1847, 967, 1, 151, 2207, 1151, 2399, 1249, 113, 193, 401, 1, 3023, 1567, 191, 41, 71, 257, 3719, 113, 3967, 89, 103, 311

Offset: 3

Mohammed Bouras, May 19 2023

nonn

Conjecture 1: The sequence contains only 1's and primes.
Conjecture 2: All prime numbers appear either twice (same as A356247 and A357127) or three times.
Similar terms of A164314.
Conjecture: Record values correspond to A028871(m), m > 1. - Bill McEachen, Mar 06 2024
a(n) = 1 positions appear to correspond to A060515(m), m > 2. - Bill McEachen, Aug 05 2024

			a(5) = (5^2 - 2)/gcd(5^2 - 2, 2*A051403(5-3) + 5*A051403(5-4))= 23.
a(6) = a(11) = 6 + 11 = 17.
a(7) = a(40) = 7 + 40 = 47.

Bill McEachen, Table of n, a(n) for n = 3..10002
Mohammed Bouras, The Distribution Of Prime Numbers And Continued Fractions, (ppt) (2022)

Cf. A008865, A051403, A059772, A164314, A356247, A357127.

a051403(n) = (n+2)*sum(k=0, n, k!)/2;
a(n) = (n^2 - 2)/gcd(n^2 - 2, 2*a051403(n-3) + n*a051403(n-4)); \\ Michel Marcus, May 24 2023

a(n) = (n^2 - 2)/gcd(n^2 - 2, 2*A051403(n-3) + n*A051403(n-4)).
a(n) = A164314(n) if A164314(n) > n.
If a(n) = a(m) and n < m < a(n), then a(n) = n + m.

cp's OEIS Frontend

A059772 Smallest prime p such that n is a solution mod p of x^2 = 2, or 0 if no such prime exists.

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