A103364 Matrix inverse of the Narayana triangle A001263.
1, -1, 1, 2, -3, 1, -7, 12, -6, 1, 39, -70, 40, -10, 1, -321, 585, -350, 100, -15, 1, 3681, -6741, 4095, -1225, 210, -21, 1, -56197, 103068, -62916, 19110, -3430, 392, -28, 1, 1102571, -2023092, 1236816, -377496, 68796, -8232, 672, -36, 1, -27036487, 49615695, -30346380, 9276120, -1698732, 206388
Offset: 1
Examples
Rows begin:
1;
-1, 1;
2, -3, 1;
-7, 12, -6, 1;
39, -70, 40, -10, 1;
-321, 585, -350, 100, -15, 1;
3681, -6741, 4095, -1225, 210, -21, 1;
-56197, 103068, -62916, 19110, -3430, 392, -28, 1;
1102571, -2023092, 1236816, -377496, 68796, -8232, 672, -36, 1;
...
From _Peter Bala_, Aug 09 2013: (Start)
The real zeros of the row polynomials R(n,x) appear to converge to zeros of E(alpha*x) as n increases, where alpha = -3.67049 26605 ... ( = -(A115369/2)^2).
Polynomial | Real zeros to 5 decimal places
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
R(5,x) | 1, 3.57754, 3.81904
R(10,x) | 1, 3.35230, 7.07532, 9.14395
R(15,x) | 1, 3.35231, 7.04943, 12.09668, 15.96334
R(20,x) | 1, 3.35231, 7.04943, 12.09107, 18.47845, 24.35255
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
Function |
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
E(alpha*x) | 1, 3.35231, 7.04943, 12.09107, 18.47720, 26.20778, ...
Note: The n-th zero of E(alpha*x) may be calculated in Maple 17 using the instruction evalf( BesselJZeros(1,n)/ BesselJZeros(1,1))^2 ). (End)
Links
- G. C. Greubel, Table of n, a(n) for the first 50 rows, flattened
- W. Wang and T. Wang, Generalized Riordan array, Discrete Mathematics, Vol. 308, No. 24, 6466-6500.
Programs
-
Mathematica
T[n_, 1]:= Last[Table[(-1)^(n - 1)*(CoefficientList[Series[x/BesselJ[1, 2*x], {x, 0, 1000}], x])[[k]]*(n)!*(n - 1)!, {k, 1, 2*n - 1, 2}]] T[n_, n_] := 1; T[2, 1] := -1; T[3, 1] := 2; T[n_, k_] := T[n, k] = T[n - 1, k - 1]*n*(n - 1)/(k*(k - 1)); Table[T[n, k], {n, 1, 50}, {k, 1, n}] // Flatten (* G. C. Greubel, Jan 04 2016 *) T[n_, n_] := 1; T[n_, 1]/;n>1 := T[n, 1] = -Sum[T[n, j], {j, 2, n}]; T[n_, k_]/;1 -
PARI
T(n,k)=if(n
Formula
From Peter Bala, Aug 07 2013: (Start)
Let E(y) = Sum_{n >= 0} y^n/(n!*(n+1)!) = (1/sqrt(y))* BesselI(1,2*sqrt(y)). Generating function: E(x*y)/E(y) = 1 + (-1 + x)*y/(1!*2!) + (2 - 3*x + x^2)*y^2/(2!*3!) + (-7 + 12*x - 6*x^2 + x^3)*y^3/(3!*4!) + .... The n-th power of this array has a generating function E(x*y)/E(y)^n. In particular, the matrix inverse A001263 has a generating function E(y)*E(x*y).
Recurrence equation for the row polynomials: R(n,x) = x^n - Sum_{k = 0..n-1} 1/(n-k+1)*binomial(n,k)*binomial(n+1,k+1) *R(k,x) with initial value R(0,x) = 1.
Let alpha denote the root of E(x) = 0 that is smallest in absolute magnitude. Numerically, alpha = -3.67049 26605 ... = -(A115369/2)^2. It appears that for arbitrary complex x we have lim_{n->oo} R(n,x)/R(n,0) = E(alpha*x). Cf. A055133, A086646 and A104033.
A stronger result than pointwise convergence may hold: the convergence may be uniform on compact subsets of the complex plane. This would explain the observation that the real zeros of the polynomials R(n,x) seem to converge to the zeros of E(alpha*x) as n increases. Some numerical examples are given below. (End)
From Werner Schulte, Jan 04 2017, corrected May 05 2025: (Start)
T(n,k) = T(n-1,k-1)*n*(n-1)/(k*(k-1)) for 1 < k <= n;
T(n,k) = T(n+1-k,1)*A001263(n,k) for 1 <= k <= n;
Sum_{k=1..n} T(n,k)*A000108(k) = 1 for n > 0. (End)
Comments