A104978 Triangle read by rows, where the g.f. satisfies A(x, y) = 1 + x*A(x, y)^2 + x*y*A(x, y)^3.

1, 1, 1, 2, 5, 3, 5, 21, 28, 12, 14, 84, 180, 165, 55, 42, 330, 990, 1430, 1001, 273, 132, 1287, 5005, 10010, 10920, 6188, 1428, 429, 5005, 24024, 61880, 92820, 81396, 38760, 7752, 1430, 19448, 111384, 352716, 678300, 813960, 596904, 245157, 43263, 4862, 75582, 503880, 1899240, 4476780, 6864396, 6864396, 4326300, 1562275, 246675

Offset: 0

Author

Paul D. Hanna, Mar 30 2005

Keywords

• nonn
• tabl

Examples

			The triangle T(n, k) begins:
  [0]    1;
  [1]    1,     1;
  [2]    2,     5,      3;
  [3]    5,    21,     28,     12;
  [4]   14,    84,    180,    165,     55;
  [5]   42,   330,    990,   1430,   1001,    273;
  [6]  132,  1287,   5005,  10010,  10920,   6188,   1428;
  [7]  429,  5005,  24024,  61880,  92820,  81396,  38760,   7752;
  [8] 1430, 19448, 111384, 352716, 678300, 813960, 596904, 245157, 43263;
  ...
The array A(n, k) begins:
  [0]   1,    1,      3,      12,       55,       273,       1428, ...  [A001764]
  [1]   1,    5,     28,     165,     1001,      6188,      38760, ...  [A025174]
  [2]   2,   21,    180,    1430,    10920,     81396,     596904, ...  [A383450]
  [3]   5,   84,    990,   10010,    92820,    813960,    6864396, ...  [A383451]
  [4]  14,  330,   5005,   61880,   678300,   6864396,   65615550, ...
  [5]  42, 1287,  24024,  352716,  4476780,  51482970,  551170620, ...
  [6] 132, 5005, 111384, 1899240, 27457584, 354323970, 4206302100, ...
  [A000108]  |  [A074922][A383452]
         [A002054]
		

Links

• G. C. Greubel, Rows n = 0..50 of the triangle, flattened
• N. J. Wildberger and Dean Rubine, A Hyper-Catalan Series Solution to Polynomial Equations, and the Geode, Amer. Math. Monthly (2025). See sections 8 and 12.
• Jian Zhou, Fat and Thin Emergent Geometries of Hermitian One-Matrix Models, arXiv:1810.03883 [math-ph], 2018.

Crossrefs

Columns of array: A000108, A002054, A074922, A383452.

Rows of array: A001764, A025174, A383450, A383451.

Cf. A001002 (antidiagonal sums), A001764 (semidiagonal sums), A027307 (row sums), A104979, A383439 (central terms).

Programs

Magma

[Binomial(2*n+k, n+2*k)*Binomial(n+2*k, k)/(n+k+1): k in [0..n], n in [0..12]]; // G. C. Greubel, Jun 08 2021

Maple

From Peter Luschny, May 04 2025:  (Start)
T := (n, k) -> (k + 2*n)!/(k!*(n - k)!*(n + k + 1)!):
seq(print(seq(T(n, k), k = 0..n)), n = 0..10);
# Alternatively the array:
A := (n, k) -> (3*k + 2*n)!/(k!*n!*(n + 2*k + 1)!);
for n from 0 to 8 do seq(A(n, k), k = 0..7) od;  (End)

Mathematica

T[n_, k_]:= Binomial[2n+k, n+2k]*Binomial[n+2k, k]/(n+k+1);
Table[T[n,k], {n,0,12}, {k,0,n}]//Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Jan 27 2019 *)

PARI

T(n,k) = local(A=1+x+x*y+x*O(x^n)+y*O(y^k)); for(i=1,n,A=1+x*A^2+x*y*A^3); polcoeff(polcoeff(A,n,x),k,y)
for(n=0, 10, for(k=0, n, print1(T(n,k),", ")); print(""))

PARI

Dy(n, F)=local(D=F); for(i=1, n, D=deriv(D,y)); D
T(n,k)=local(A=1); A=1+sum(m=1, n+1, x^m/y^(m+1) * Dy(m-1, (y^2+y^3)^m/m!)) +x*O(x^n)+y*O(y^k); polcoeff(polcoeff(A, n,x),k,y)
for(n=0,10,for(k=0,n,print1(T(n,k),", "));print()) \\ Paul D. Hanna, Jun 22 2012

PARI

x='x; y='y; z='z; Fxyz = 1 - z + x*z^2 + x*y*z^3;
seq(N) = {
  my(z0 = 1 + O((x*y)^N), z1 = 0);
  for (k = 1, N^2,
    z1 = z0 - subst(Fxyz, z, z0)/subst(deriv(Fxyz, z), z, z0);
    if (z0 == z1, break()); z0 = z1);
  vector(N, n, Vecrev(polcoeff(z0, n-1, 'x)));
};
concat(seq(9)) \\ Gheorghe Coserea, Nov 30 2016

Sage

flatten([[binomial(2*n+k, n+2*k)*binomial(n+2*k, k)/(n+k+1) for k in (0..n)] for n in (0..12)]) # G. C. Greubel, Jun 08 2021

Formula

T(n, k) = binomial(2*n+k, n+2*k)*binomial(n+2*k, k)/(n+k+1).

G.f.: A(x, y) = Sum_{n>=0} x^n/y^(n+1) * d^(n-1)/dy^(n-1) (y^2 + y^3)^n / n!. - Paul D. Hanna, Jun 22 2012

G.f. of row n: 1/y^(n+1) * d^(n-1)/dy^(n-1) (y^2+y^3)^n / n!. - Paul D. Hanna, Jun 22 2012

A(n, k) = T(n + k, k) = (3*k + 2*n)! / (k!*n!*(n + 2*k + 1)!). - Peter Luschny, May 04 2025