A105020 Array read by antidiagonals: row n (n >= 0) contains the numbers m^2 - n^2, m >= n+1.

1, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 7, 12, 15, 16, 9, 16, 21, 24, 25, 11, 20, 27, 32, 35, 36, 13, 24, 33, 40, 45, 48, 49, 15, 28, 39, 48, 55, 60, 63, 64, 17, 32, 45, 56, 65, 72, 77, 80, 81, 19, 36, 51, 64, 75, 84, 91, 96, 99, 100, 21, 40, 57, 72, 85, 96, 105, 112, 117, 120, 121

Offset: 0

Author

Andrew S. Plewe and Franklin T. Adams-Watters, Jul 11 2005

Keywords

• nonn
• tabl
• easy

Comments

A "Goldbach Conjecture" for this sequence: when there are n terms between consecutive odd integers (2n+1) and (2n+3) for n > 0, at least one will be the product of 2 primes (not necessarily distinct). Example: n=3 for consecutive odd integers a(7)=7 and a(11)=9 and of the 3 sequence entries a(8)=12, a(9)=15 and a(10)=16 between them, one is the product of 2 primes a(9)=15=3*5. - Michael Hiebl, Jul 15 2007

A024352 gives distinct values in the array, minus the first row (1, 4, 9, 16, etc.). a(n) gives all solutions to the equation x^2 + xy = n, with y mod 2 = 0, x > 0, y >= 0. - Andrew S. Plewe, Oct 19 2007

Alternatively, triangular sequence of coefficients of Dynkin diagram weights for the Cartan groups C_n: t(n,m) = m*(2*n - m). Row sums are A002412. - Roger L. Bagula, Aug 05 2008

Examples

			Array begins:
  1  4  9 16 25 36  49  64  81 100 ...
  3  8 15 24 35 48  63  80  99 120 ...
  5 12 21 32 45 60  77  96 117 140 ...
  7 16 27 40 55 72  91 112 135 160 ...
  9 20 33 48 65 84 105 128 153 180 ...
  ...
Triangle begins:
   1;
   3,  4;
   5,  8,  9;
   7, 12, 15, 16;
   9, 16, 21, 24, 25;
  11, 20, 27, 32, 35, 36;
  13, 24, 33, 40, 45, 48, 49;
  15, 28, 39, 48, 55, 60, 63, 64;
  17, 32, 45, 56, 65, 72, 77, 80, 81;
  19, 36, 51, 64, 75, 84, 91, 96, 99, 100;
		

References

• R. N. Cahn, Semi-Simple Lie Algebras and Their Representations, Dover, NY, 2006, ISBN 0-486-44999-8, p. 139.

Links

• G. C. Greubel, Antidiagonals n = 0..50, flattened

Crossrefs

Rows give A000290, A005563, A028347, A028560, A028566, A098603, A098847, A098848, A098849, A098850.

Columns give A005408, A008586, A016945, A008590, A017329, A008594, A008598, A008602, A008606, A000567.

Diagonals give A033428, A045944, A067725.

Cf. A000384, A002412, A024352, A105020, A128076.

Programs

Magma

[(k+1)*(2*n-k+1): k in [0..n], n in [0..15]]; // G. C. Greubel, Mar 15 2023

Mathematica

t[n_, m_]:= (n^2 - m^2); Flatten[Table[t[i, j], {i,12}, {j,i-1,0,-1}]]
(* to view table *) Table[t[i, j], {j,0,6}, {i,j+1,10}]//TableForm (* Robert G. Wilson v, Jul 11 2005 *)
Table[(k+1)*(2*n-k+1), {n,0,15}, {k,0,n}]//Flatten (* Roger L. Bagula, Aug 05 2008 *)

SageMath

def A105020(n,k): return (k+1)*(2*n-k+1)
flatten([[A105020(n,k) for k in range(n+1)] for n in range(16)]) # G. C. Greubel, Mar 15 2023

Formula

a(n) = r^2 - (r^2 + r - m)^2/4, where r = round(sqrt(m)) and m = 2*n+2. - Wesley Ivan Hurt, Sep 04 2021

a(n) = A128076(n+1) * A105020(n+1). - Wesley Ivan Hurt, Jan 07 2022

From G. C. Greubel, Mar 15 2023: (Start)

Sum_{k=0..n} T(n, k) = A002412(n+1).

Sum_{k=0..n} (-1)^k*T(n, k) = (1/2)*((1+(-1)^n)*A000384((n+2)/2) - (1- (-1)^n)*A000384((n+1)/2)). (End)

Extensions

More terms from Robert G. Wilson v, Jul 11 2005