A126673 -id:A126673 - cp's OEIS frontend

A126671 Triangle read by rows: row n (n>=0) has g.f. Sum_{i=1..n} n!x^i(1+x)^(n-i)/(n+1-i).

0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 3, 0, 2, 7, 11, 0, 6, 26, 46, 50, 0, 24, 126, 274, 326, 274, 0, 120, 744, 1956, 2844, 2556, 1764, 0, 720, 5160, 16008, 28092, 30708, 22212, 13068, 0, 5040, 41040, 147120, 304464, 401136, 351504, 212976, 109584, 0, 40320

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane and Carlo Wood (carlo(AT)alinoe.com), Feb 13 2007

The first nonzero column gives the factorial numbers, which are Stirling_1(*,1), the rightmost diagonal gives Stirling_1(*,2), so this triangle may be regarded as interpolating between the first two columns of the Stirling numbers of the first kind.
This is a slice (the right-hand wall) through the infinite square pyramid described in the link. The other three walls give A007318 and A008276 (twice).
The coefficients of the A165674 triangle are generated by the asymptotic expansion of the higher order exponential integral E(x,m=2,n). The a(n) formulas for the coefficients in the right hand columns of this triangle lead to Wiggen's triangle A028421 and their o.g.f.s. lead to the sequence given above. Some right hand columns of the A165674 triangle are A080663, A165676, A165677, A165678 and A165679. - Johannes W. Meijer, Oct 07 2009

			Triangle begins:
0,
0, 1,
0, 1, 3,
0, 2, 7, 11,
0, 6, 26, 46, 50,
0, 24, 126, 274, 326, 274,
0, 120, 744, 1956, 2844, 2556, 1764,
0, 720, 5160, 16008, 28092, 30708, 22212, 13068,
0, 5040, 41040, 147120, 304464, 401136, 351504, 212976, 109584,
0, 40320, 367920, 1498320, 3582000, 5562576, 5868144, 4292496, 2239344, 1026576, ...

N. J. A. Sloane, Notes on Carlo Wood's Polynomials

Columns give A000142, A108217, A126672; diagonals give A000254, A067318, A126673. Row sums give A126674. Alternating row sums give A000142.
See A126682 for the full pyramid of coefficients of the underlying polynomials.
Cf. A165674, A028421, A080663, A165676, A165677, A165678 and A165679. - Johannes W. Meijer, Oct 07 2009

for n from 1 to 15 do t1:=add( n!*x^i*(1+x)^(n-i)/(n+1-i), i=1..n); series(t1,x,100); lprint(seriestolist(%)); od:

Join[{{0}}, Reap[For[n = 1, n <= 15, n++, t1 = Sum[n!*x^i*(1+x)^(n-i)/(n+1-i), {i, 1, n}]; se = Series[t1, {x, 0, 100}]; Sow[CoefficientList[se, x]]]][[2, 1]]] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Jan 07 2014, after Maple *)

Recurrence: T(n,0) = 0; for n>=0, i>=1, T(n+1,i) = (n+1)*T(n,i) + n!*binomial(n,i).

E.g.f.: x*log(1-(1+x)*y)/(x*y-1)/(1+x). - Vladeta Jovovic, Feb 13 2007

A381529 T(n,k) is the number of permutations of [n] having exactly k pairs of integers i=0, 0<=k<=A125811(n)-1, read by rows.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 2, 5, 1, 15, 5, 4, 54, 21, 24, 16, 5, 235, 89, 118, 112, 101, 35, 28, 2, 1237, 408, 577, 633, 719, 585, 402, 239, 167, 59, 14, 7790, 2106, 3023, 3529, 4410, 4463, 4600, 3012, 2789, 1933, 1438, 629, 442, 122, 34, 57581, 12529, 17693, 20980, 27208, 30064, 35359, 33332, 28137, 24970, 22850, 17148, 14272, 8645, 5639, 3684, 1809, 664, 282, 34

Offset: 0

Alois P. Heinz, Feb 26 2025

			T(4,0) = 15: (1)(2)(3)(4), (1,2)(3)(4), (1)(2,3)(4), (1)(2)(3,4), (1,2)(3,4), (1,2,3)(4), (1,3,2)(4), (1)(2,3,4), (1)(2,4,3), (1,2,3,4), (1,2,4,3), (1,3,2,4), (1,3,4,2), (1,4,2,3), (1,4,3,2).
T(4,1) = 5: (1)(2,4)(3), (1,2,4)(3), (1,4,2)(3), (1,3)(2)(4), (1,3)(2,4).
T(4,2) = 4: (1,4)(2)(3), (1,4)(2,3), (1,3,4)(2), (1,4,3)(2).
Triangle T(n,k) begins:
     1;
     1;
     2;
     5,   1;
    15,   5,   4;
    54,  21,  24,  16,   5;
   235,  89, 118, 112, 101,  35,  28,   2;
  1237, 408, 577, 633, 719, 585, 402, 239, 167, 59, 14;
  ...

Alois P. Heinz, Rows n = 0..55, flattened
Wikipedia, Inversion
Wikipedia, Permutation

Columns k=0-1 give: A051295, A381539.
Row sums give A000142.
Row lengths give A125811.
Last elements of rows give A381531.
Main diagonal gives A381545.
Cf. A008302, A125810 (similar for set partitions), A126673, A381299 (similar for ordered set partitions).

b:= proc(o, u, t) option remember; expand(`if`(u+o=0, max(0, t-1)!,
     `if`(t>0, b(u+o, 0$2)*(t-1)!, 0)+add(x^(u+j-1)*
        b(o-j, u+j-1, t+1), j=`if`(t=0, 1, 1..o))))
    end:
T:= n-> (p-> seq(coeff(p, x, i), i=0..degree(p)))(b(n, 0$2)):
seq(T(n), n=0..10);

Sum_{k>=1} k * T(n,k) = A126673(n)/2.

A129178 Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) is the number of permutations p of {1,2,...,n} such that invc(p)=k (n >= 0; 0 <= k <= (n-1)(n-2)/2) (see comment for invc definition).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 2, 4, 2, 8, 8, 6, 2, 16, 24, 28, 26, 16, 8, 2, 32, 64, 96, 120, 126, 110, 82, 52, 26, 10, 2, 64, 160, 288, 432, 564, 658, 680, 638, 542, 416, 284, 172, 90, 38, 12, 2, 128, 384, 800, 1376, 2072, 2824, 3526, 4058, 4344, 4346, 4066, 3562, 2912, 2218, 1566, 1016, 598

Offset: 0

Emeric Deutsch, Apr 11 2007

invc(p) is defined (by Carlitz) in the following way: express p in standard cycle form (i.e., cycles ordered by increasing smallest elements with each cycle written with its smallest element in the first position), then remove the parentheses and count the inversions in the obtained word.
Row n has 1+(n-1)*(n-2)/2 - delta_{0,n} terms. Row sums are the factorials (A000142). T(n,0) = 2^(n-1) = A011782(n) = A000079(n-1). T(n,1) = (n-2)*2^(n-2) = A036289(n-2) for n>=2. T(n,k) = A121552(n,n+k).
It appears that Sum_{k>=0} k*T(n,k) = A126673(n).

			T(3,0)=4, T(3,1)=2 because we have 123=(1)(2)(3), 132=(1)(23), 213=(12)(3), 231=(123) with the resulting word (namely 123) having 0 inversions and 312=(132) and (321)=(13)(2) with the resulting word (namely 132) having 1 inversion.
Triangle starts:
   1;
   1;
   2;
   4,   2;
   8,   8,   6,   2;
  16,  24,  28,  26,  16,   8,   2;
  32,  64,  96, 120, 126, 110,  82,  52,  26,  10,  2;
  ...

L. Carlitz, Generalized Stirling numbers, Combinatorial Analysis Notes, Duke University, 1968, 1-7.

Alois P. Heinz, Rows n = 0..50, flattened
Toufik Mansour, Mark Shattuck, A q-analog of the hyperharmonic numbers, Afrika Matematika 25.1 (2014): 147-160.
M. Shattuck, Parity theorems for statistics on permutations and Catalan words, INTEGERS, Electronic J. of Combinatorial Number Theory, Vol. 5, Paper A07, 2005.

Cf. A000142, A011782, A000079, A036289, A121552, A126673.

s:=j->2+sum(t^i, i=1..j): for n from 0 to 9 do P[n]:=sort(expand(simplify(product(s(j), j=0..n-2)))) od: for n from 0 to 9 do seq(coeff(P[n], t, j), j=0..degree(P[n])) od;  # yields sequence in triangular form

nMax = 9; s[j_] := 2 + Sum[t^i, {i, 1, j}]; P[0] = P[1] = 1; P[2] = 2; For[ n = 3, n <= nMax, n++, P[n] = Sort[Expand[Simplify[Product[s[j], {j, 0, n-2}]]]]]; Table[Coefficient[P[n], t, j], {n, 0, nMax}, {j, 0, Exponent[ P[n], t]}] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Jan 24 2017, adapted from Maple *)

Generating polynomial of row n is P[n](t) = 2*(2+t)*(2+t+t^2)*...*(2 + t + t^2 + ... + t^(n-2)) for n >= 3, P[1](t)=1, P[2](t)=2.

One term for row n=0 prepended by Alois P. Heinz, Dec 16 2016

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A126671 Triangle read by rows: row n (n>=0) has g.f. Sum_{i=1..n} n!x^i(1+x)^(n-i)/(n+1-i).

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A381529 T(n,k) is the number of permutations of [n] having exactly k pairs of integers i=0, 0<=k<=A125811(n)-1, read by rows.

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A129178 Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) is the number of permutations p of {1,2,...,n} such that invc(p)=k (n >= 0; 0 <= k <= (n-1)(n-2)/2) (see comment for invc definition).

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cp's OEIS Frontend

A126671 Triangle read by rows: row n (n>=0) has g.f. Sum_{i=1..n} n!*x^i*(1+x)^(n-i)/(n+1-i).

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A381529 T(n,k) is the number of permutations of [n] having exactly k pairs of integers i=0, 0<=k<=A125811(n)-1, read by rows.

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A129178 Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) is the number of permutations p of {1,2,...,n} such that invc(p)=k (n >= 0; 0 <= k <= (n-1)(n-2)/2) (see comment for invc definition).

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Programs

Maple

Mathematica

Formula

Extensions

A126671 Triangle read by rows: row n (n>=0) has g.f. Sum_{i=1..n} n!x^i(1+x)^(n-i)/(n+1-i).