A176219 -id:A176219 - cp's OEIS frontend

A195284 Decimal expansion of shortest length of segment from side AB through incenter to side AC in right triangle ABC with sidelengths (a,b,c)=(3,4,5); i.e., decimal expansion of 2*sqrt(10)/3.

2, 1, 0, 8, 1, 8, 5, 1, 0, 6, 7, 7, 8, 9, 1, 9, 5, 5, 4, 6, 6, 5, 9, 2, 9, 0, 2, 9, 6, 2, 1, 8, 1, 2, 3, 5, 5, 8, 1, 3, 0, 3, 6, 7, 5, 9, 5, 5, 0, 1, 4, 4, 5, 5, 1, 2, 3, 8, 3, 3, 6, 5, 6, 8, 5, 2, 8, 3, 9, 6, 2, 9, 2, 4, 2, 6, 1, 5, 8, 8, 1, 4, 2, 2, 9, 4, 9, 8, 7, 3, 8, 9, 1, 9, 5, 3, 3, 5, 3, 0

Offset: 1

Clark Kimberling, Sep 14 2011

Apart from the first digit, the same as A176219 (decimal expansion of 2+2*sqrt(10)/3).
The Philo line of a point P inside an angle T is the shortest segment that crosses T and passes through P. Philo lines are not generally Euclidean-constructible.
...
Suppose that P lies inside a triangle ABC. Let (A) denote the shortest length of segment from AB through P to AC, and likewise for (B) and (C). The Philo number for ABC and P is here introduced as the normalized sum ((A)+(B)+(C))/(a+b+c), denoted by Philo(ABC,P).
...
Listed below are examples for which P=incenter (the center, I, of the circle inscribed in ABC, the intersection of the angle bisectors of ABC); in this list, r'x means sqrt(x), and t=(1+sqrt(5))/2 (the golden ratio).
a....b....c.......(A).......(B).......(C)....Philo(ABC,I)
3....4....5.....A195284...A002163...A010466...A195285
5....12...13....A195286...A195288...A010487...A195289
7....24...25....A195290...A010524...15/2......A195292
8....15...17....A195293...A195296...A010524...A195297
28...45...53....A195298...A195299...A010466...A195300
1....1....r'2...A195301...A195301...A163960...A195303
1....2....r'5...A195340...A195341...A195342...A195343
1....3....r'10..A195344...A195345...A195346...A195347
2....3....r'13..A195355...A195356...A195357...A195358
2....5....r'29..A195359...A195360...A195361...A195362
r'2..r'3..r'5...A195365...A195366...A195367...A195368
1....r'2..r'3...A195369...A195370...A195371...A195372
1....r'3..2.....A195348...A093821...A120683...A195380
2....r'5..3.....A195381...A195383...A195384...A195385
r'2..r'5..r'7...A195386...A195387...A195388...A195389
r'3..r'5..r'8...A195395...A195396...A195397...A195398
r'7..3....4.....A195399...A195400...A195401...A195402
1....r't..t.....A195403...A195404...A195405...A195406
t-1..t....r'3...A195407...A195408...A195409...A195410
...
In the special case that P is the incenter, I, each Philo line, being perpendicular to an angle bisector, is constructible, and (A),(B),(C) can be evaluated exactly.
For the 3,4,5 right triangle, (A)=(2/3)*sqrt(10), (B)=sqrt(5), (C)=sqrt(8), so that Philo(ABC,I)=((2/3)sqrt(10)+sqrt(5)+sqrt(8))/12, approximately 0.59772335.
...
More generally, for arbitrary right triangle (a,b,c) with a<=b(A)=f*sqrt(a^2+(b+c)^2)/(b+c),
(B)=f*sqrt(b^2+(c+a)^2)/(c+a),
(C)=f*sqrt(2).
It appears that I is the only triangle center P for which simple formulas for (A), (B), (C) are available. For P=centroid, see A195304.

			2.10818510677891955466592902962...

David Gale, Tracking the Automatic Ant and Other Mathematical Explorations, A Collection of Mathematical Entertainments Columns from The Mathematical Intelligencer, Springer, 1998; see chapter 16.
Clark Kimberling, Geometry In Action, Key College Publishing, 2003, pages 115-116.

Michael Cavers, Spiked Math #524 (2012)
Clark Kimberling, Geometry In Action, 2003, scanned copy (with permission). See pages 115-116.
Index entries for algebraic numbers, degree 2.

Cf. A002163, A010466, A195285, A195304.

philo := proc(a,b,c) local f, A, B, C, P:
f:=2*a*b/(a+b+c):
A:=f*sqrt((a^2+(b+c)^2))/(b+c):
B:=f*sqrt((b^2+(c+a)^2))/(c+a):
C:=f*sqrt(2):
P:=(A+B+C)/(a+b+c):
print(simplify([A,B,C,P])):
print(evalf([A,B,C,P])): end:
philo(3,4,5); # Georg Fischer, Jul 18 2021

a = 3; b = 4; c = 5;
h = a (a + c)/(a + b + c); k = a*b/(a + b + c); (* incenter *)
f[t_] := (t - a)^2 + ((t - a)^2) ((a*k - b*t)/(a*h - a*t))^2;
s = NSolve[D[f[t], t] == 0, t, 150]
f1 = (f[t])^(1/2) /. Part[s, 4]
RealDigits[%, 10, 100] (* (A) 195284 *)
f[t_] := (b*t/a)^2 + ((b*t/a)^2) ((a*h - a*t)/(b*t - a*k))^2
s = NSolve[D[f[t], t] == 0, t, 150]
f2 = (f[t])^(1/2) /. Part[s, 1]
RealDigits[%, 10, 100] (* (B) A002163 *)
f[t_] := (t - a)^2 + ((t - a)^2) (k/(h - t))^2
s = NSolve[D[f[t], t] == 0, t, 150]
f3 = (f[t])^(1/2) /. Part[s, 4]
RealDigits[%, 10, 100] (* (C) A010466 *)
(f1 + f2 + f3)/(a + b + c)
RealDigits[%, 10, 100] (* Philo(ABC,I) A195285 *)

(2/3)*sqrt(10) \\ Michel Marcus, Dec 24 2017

Equals (2/3)*sqrt(10).

Table and formulas corrected by Georg Fischer, Jul 17 2021

A010714 Period 2: repeat [4, 9].

Original entry on oeis.org

4, 9, 4, 9, 4, 9, 4, 9, 4, 9, 4, 9, 4, 9, 4, 9, 4, 9, 4, 9, 4, 9, 4, 9, 4, 9, 4, 9, 4, 9, 4, 9, 4, 9, 4, 9, 4, 9, 4, 9, 4, 9, 4, 9, 4, 9, 4, 9, 4, 9, 4, 9, 4, 9, 4, 9, 4, 9, 4, 9, 4, 9, 4, 9, 4, 9, 4, 9, 4, 9, 4, 9, 4, 9, 4, 9, 4, 9, 4, 9, 4

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane

Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (0,1).

Cf. A176219.

Table[4 + 5 Mod[n, 2], {n, 0, 50}] (* Jinyuan Wang, Feb 26 2020 *)

a(n)=4+n%2*5 \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Dec 21 2011

G.f.: (4+9x)/((1-x)*(1+x)). - R. J. Mathar, Nov 21 2011
From Wesley Ivan Hurt, Dec 31 2023: (Start)
a(n) = a(n-2) for n>1 with a(0)=4, a(1)=9.
a(n) = (13-5*(-1)^n)/2. (End)

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cp's OEIS Frontend

A195284 Decimal expansion of shortest length of segment from side AB through incenter to side AC in right triangle ABC with sidelengths (a,b,c)=(3,4,5); i.e., decimal expansion of 2*sqrt(10)/3.

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