cp's OEIS Frontend

Here the j-th "region" of the set of partitions of n (or more simply the j-th "region" of n) is defined to be the first h elements of the sequence formed by the smallest parts in nonincreasing order of the partitions of the largest part of the j-th partition of n, with the list of partitions in colexicographic order, where h = j - i, and i is the index of the previous partition of n whose largest part is greater than the largest part of the j-th partition of n, or i = 0 if such previous largest part does not exist. The largest part of the j-th region of n is A141285(j) and the number of parts is h = A194446(j).

Some properties of the regions of n:

- The number of regions of n equals the number of partitions of n (see A000041).

- The set of regions of n contain the sets of regions of all positive integers previous to n.

- The first j regions of n are also first j regions of all integers greater than n.

- The sums of all largest parts of all regions of n equals the total number of parts of all regions of n. See A006128(n).

- If T(j,1) is a record in the sequence then the leading diagonals of triangle formed by the first j rows give the partitions of n (see example).

- The rank of a region is the largest part minus the number of parts (see A194447).

- The sum of all ranks of the regions of n is equal to zero.

How to make a diagram of the regions and partitions of n: in the first quadrant of the square grid we draw a horizontal line {[0, 0],[n, 0]} of length n. Then we draw a vertical line {[0, 0],[0, p(n)]} of length p(n) where p(n) is the number of partitions of n. Then, for j = 1..p(n), we draw a horizontal line {[0, j],[g, j]} where g = A141285(j) is the largest part of the j-th partition of n, with the list of partitions in colexicographic order. Then, for n = 1 .. p(n), we draw a vertical line from the point [g,j] down to intercept the next segment in a lower row. So we have a number of closed regions. Then we divide each region of n in horizontal rectangles with shorter sides = 1. We can see that in the original rectangle of area n*p(n) each row contains a set of rectangles whose areas are equal to the parts of one of the partitions of n. Then each region of n is labeled according to the position of its largest part on axis "y". Note that each region of n is similar to a mirror version of the Young diagram of one of the partitions of s, where s is the sum of all parts of the region. See the illustrations of the seven regions of 5 in the Links section.

Note that if row j of triangle contains parts of size 1 then the parts of row j are the smallest parts of all partitions of T(j,1), (see A046746), and also T(j,1) is a record in the sequence and also j is the number of partitions of T(j,1), (see A000041). Otherwise, if row j does not contain parts of size 1 then the parts of row j are the emergent parts of the next record in the sequence (see A183152). Row j is also the partition of A186412(j).

Also triangle read by rows in which row r lists the parts of the last section of the set of partitions of r, ordered by regions, such that the previous parts to the part of size r are the emergent parts of the partitions of r (see A138152) and the rest are the smallest parts of the partitions of r (see example). - Omar E. Pol, Apr 28 2012

Also largest part of the n-th region of the set of partitions of j, if 1 <= n <= A000041(j). For the definition of "region of the set of partitions of j" see A206437.

Also triangle read by rows: T(j,k) is the largest part of the k-th region in the last section of the set of partitions of j.

For row n >= 2 the rows of triangle are also the branches of a tree which is a projection of a three-dimensional structure of the section model of partitions of A135010, version tree. The branches of even rows give A182730. The branches of odd rows give A182731. Note that each column contains parts of the same size. It appears that the structure of A135010 is a periodic table of integer partitions. See also A210979 and A210980.

Also column 1 of: A193870, A206437, A210941, A210942, A210943. - Omar E. Pol, Sep 01 2013

Also row lengths of A211009. - Omar E. Pol, Feb 06 2014

For the definition of "region" of the set of partitions of j, see A206437.

a(n) is also the number of positive integers in the n-th row of triangle A186114. a(n) is also the number of positive integers in the n-th row of triangle A193870.

Also triangle read by rows: T(j,k) = number of parts in the k-th region of the last section of the set of partitions of j. See example. For more information see A135010.

a(n) is also the length of the n-th vertical line segment in the minimalist diagram of regions and partitions. The length of the n-th horizontal line segment is A141285(n). See also A194447. - Omar E. Pol, Mar 04 2012

From Omar E. Pol, Aug 19 2013: (Start)

In order to construct this sequence with a cellular automaton we use the following rules: We start in the first quadrant of the square grid with no toothpicks. At stage n we place A141285(n) toothpicks of length 1 connected by their endpoints in horizontal direction starting from the point (0, n). Then we place toothpicks of length 1 connected by their endpoints in vertical direction starting from the exposed toothpick endpoint downward up to touch the structure or up to touch the x-axis. a(n) is the number of toothpicks in vertical direction added at n-th stage (see example section and A139250, A225600, A225610).

a(n) is also the length of the n-th descendent line segment in an infinite Dyck path in which the length of the n-th ascendent line segment is A141285(n). See Example section. For more information see A211978, A220517, A225600.

(End)

The equivalent sequence for compositions is A006519. - Omar E. Pol, Aug 22 2013

Also triangle read by rows: T(j,k) = sum of all parts in the k-th region of the last section of the set of partitions of j. See Example section. For more information see A135010. - Omar E. Pol, Nov 26 2011

For the definition of "region" see A206437. - Omar E. Pol, Aug 19 2013

Also twice A006128, because the total number of parts in all partitions of n equals the sum of largest parts of all partitions of n. For a proof without words see the illustration of initial terms. Note that the sum of the lengths of all horizontal segments equals the sum of largest parts of all partitions of n. On the other hand, the sum of the lengths of all vertical segments equals the total number of parts of all partition of n. Therefore the sum of lengths of all horizontal segments equals the sum of lengths of all vertical segments.

a(n) is also the sum of the semiperimeters of the Ferrers boards of the partitions of n. Example: a(2)=6; indeed, the Ferrers boards of the partitions [2] and [1,1] of 2 are 2x1 rectangles; the sum of their semiperimeters is 3 + 3 = 6. - Emeric Deutsch, Oct 07 2016

a(n) is also the sum of the semiperimeters of the regions of the set of partitions of n. See the first illustration in the Example section. For more information see A278355. - Omar E. Pol, Nov 23 2016

This infinite toothpick structure is a minimalist diagram of regions of the set of partitions of all positive integers. For the definition of "region" see A206437. The sequence shows the growth of the diagram as a cellular automaton in which the "input" is A141285 and the "output” is A194446.

To define the sequence we use the following rules:

We start in the first quadrant of the square grid with no toothpicks.

If n is odd we place A141285((n+1)/2) toothpicks of length 1 connected by their endpoints in horizontal direction starting from the grid point (0, (n+1)/2).

If n is even we place toothpicks of length 1 connected by their endpoints in vertical direction starting from the exposed toothpick endpoint downward up to touch the structure or up to touch the x-axis. In this case the number of toothpicks added in vertical direction is equal to A194446(n/2).

The sequence gives the number of toothpicks after n stages. A220517 (the first differences) gives the number of toothpicks added at the n-th stage.

Also the toothpick structure (HV/HHVV/HHHVVV/HHV/HHHHVVVVV...) can be transformed in a Dyck path (UDUUDDUUUDDDUUDUUUUDDDDD...) in which the n-th odd-indexed segment has A141285(n) up-steps and the n-th even-indexed segment has A194446(n) down-steps, so the sequence can be represented by the vertices (or the number of steps from the origin) of the Dyck path. Note that the height of the n-th largest peak between two valleys at height 0 is also the partition number A000041(n). See Example section. See also A211978, A220517, A225610.

a(n) is also the total number of toothpicks in a toothpick structure which represents a diagram of regions of the set of partitions of n, n >= 1. The number of horizontal toothpicks is A225596(n). The number of vertical toothpicks is A093694(n). The difference between vertical toothpicks and horizontal toothpicks is A000041(n) - n = A000094(n+1). The total area (or total number of cells) of the diagram is A066186(n). The number of parts in the k-th region is A194446(k). The area (or number of cells) of the k-th region is A186412(k). For the definition of "region" see A206437. For a minimalist version of the diagram (which can be transformed into a Dyck path) see A211978. See also A225600.

It appears that this is 1 together with A000041. - Omar E. Pol, Nov 29 2011

For the definition of "region" see A206437. See also A186114 and A193870.

Number of partitions of n-1 with at least two parts of size 2 or larger. - Franklin T. Adams-Watters, Jan 13 2006

Also equal to the number of partitions p of n-1 such that max(p)-min(p) > 1. Example: a(7)=5 because we have [5,1],[4,2],[4,1,1],[3,2,1] and [3,1,1,1]. - Giovanni Resta, Feb 06 2006

Also number of partitions of n-1 with at least two parts that are smaller than the largest part. Example: a(7)=5 because we have [4,1,1],[3,2,1],[3,1,1,1],[2,2,1,1,1] and [2,1,1,1,1]. - Emeric Deutsch, May 01 2006

Also number of regions of n-1 that do not contain 1 as a part, n >= 2 (cf. A186114, A206437). - Omar E. Pol, Dec 01 2011

Also rank of the last region of n-1 multiplied by -1, n >= 2 (cf. A194447). - Omar E. Pol, Feb 11 2012

Also sum of ranks of the regions of n-1 that contain emergent parts, n >= 2 (cf. A182699). For the definition of "regions of n" see A206437. - Omar E. Pol, Feb 21 2012