A219238 -id:A219238 - cp's OEIS frontend

A008967 Coefficients of Gaussian polynomials q_binomial(n-2, 2). Also triangle of distribution of rank sums: Wilcoxon's statistic. Irregular triangle read by rows.

1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 3, 3, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 3, 3, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 4, 4, 3, 3, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 4, 4, 3, 3, 2, 2, 1, 1

Offset: 4

N. J. A. Sloane

Rows are numbers of dominoes with k spots where each half-domino has zero to n spots (in standard domino set: n=6, there are 28 dominoes and row is 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,3,3,2,2,1,1). - Henry Bottomley, Aug 23 2000
The Gaussian polynomial (or Gaussian binomial) [n,2]q is an example of a q-binomial coefficient (see the link) and may be defined for n >= 2 by [n,2]_q = ([n]_q * [n-1]_q)/([1]_q * [2]_q), where [n]_q := q^n - 1. The first few values are: [2,2]_q = 1; [3,2]_q = 1 + q + q^2; [4,2]_q = 1 + q + 2q^2 + q^3 + q^4. - _Peter Bala, Sep 23 2007
These numbers appear in the solution of Cayley's counting problem on covariants as N(p,2,w) = [x^p,q^w] Phi(q,x) with the o.g.f. Phi(q,x) = 1/((1-x)(1-qx)(1-q^2x)) given by Peter Bala in the formula section. See the Hawkins reference, p. 264, were also references are given. - Wolfdieter Lang, Nov 30 2012
The entry a(p,w), p >= 0, w = 0,1,...,2*p, of this irregular triangle is the number of nonnegative solutions of m_0 + m_1 + m_2 = p and 1*m_1 + 2*m_2 = w. See the Hawkins reference p. 264, (4.8). N(p,2,w) there is a(p,w). See also the Cayley reference p. 110, 35. with m = 2, Theta = p and q = w. - Wolfdieter Lang, Dec 01 2012
From Gus Wiseman, Sep 20 2023: (Start)
Also the number of unordered pairs of distinct positive integers up to n with sum k. For example, row n = 9 counts the following pairs:
  12  13  14  15  16  17  18  19  29  39  49  59  69  79  89
          23  24  25  26  27  28  38  48  58  68  78
                  34  35  36  37  47  57  67
                          45  46  56
Allowing repeated parts (x,x) gives A004737.
For strict partitions instead of just pairs we have A053632.
(End)

			1;
1,1,1;
1,1,2,1,1;
1,1,2,2,2,1,1;
1,1,2,2,3,2,2,1,1;
1,1,2,2,3,3,3,2,2,1,1;
...
Partitions: row p=2 and column w=2 has entry 2 because the 2 solutions of the two equations mentioned in a comment above are: m_0 = 0, m_1 = 2, m_2 = 0 and m_0 = 1, m_1 = 0, m_2 = 1. - _Wolfdieter Lang_, Dec 01 2012

G. E. Andrews, The Theory of Partitions, Addison-Wesley, 1976, p. 242.
F. N. David, M. G. Kendall and D. E. Barton, Symmetric Function and Allied Tables, Cambridge, 1966, p. 236.
T. Hawkins, Emergence of the Theory of Lie Groups, Springer 2000, ch. 7.4, p. 260-5.

John Tyler Rascoe, Rows n = 4..103, flattened
A. Cayley, A Second Memoir Upon Quantics, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London, 146 (1856) 101-126.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, q-Binomial Coefficient.
Index entries for sequences related to dominoes

Cf. A008968, A047971, A106822.
A version with zeros is A219238.
This is the case of A365541 counting only length-2 subsets.
Cf. A000009, A004526, A004737, A053632, A068911, A167762, A238628, A365544.

qBinom := proc(n,m,q)
        mul((1-q^(n-i))/(1-q^(i+1)),i=0..m-1) ;
        factor(%) ;
        expand(%) ;
end proc:
A008967 := proc(n,k)
        coeftayl( qBinom(n,2,q),q=0,k ) ;
end proc:
seq(seq( A008967(n,k),k=0..2*n-4),n=2..10) ; # assumes offset 2. R. J. Mathar, Oct 13 2011

rmax = 11; f[r_] := Product[(x^i - x^(r+1))/(1-x^i), {i, 1, r-2}]/  x^((r-1)*(r-2)/2); row[r_] := CoefficientList[ Series[ f[r], {x, 0, 2rmax}], x]; Flatten[ Table[ row[r], {r, 2, rmax}]] (* Jean-François Alcover, Oct 13 2011, after given formula *)
T[n_, k_] := SeriesCoefficient[QBinomial[n - 2, 2, q], {q, 0, k}];
Table[T[n, k], {n, 4, 13}, {k, 0, 2 n - 8}] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Aug 20 2019 *)
Table[Length[Select[Subsets[Range[n],{2}],Total[#]==k&]],{n,2,15},{k,3,2n-1}] (* Gus Wiseman, Sep 20 2023 *)

print(flatten([q_binomial(n-2, 2).list() for n in (4..13)])) # Peter Luschny, Oct 23 2019

Let f(r) = Product( (x^i-x^(r+1))/(1-x^i), i = 1..r-2) / x^((r-1)*(r-2)/2); then expanding f(r) in powers of x and taking coefficients gives the successive rows of this triangle (with a different offset).
Expanding (q^n - 1)(q^(n+1) - 1)/((q - 1)(q^2 - 1)) in powers of q and taking coefficients gives the n-th row of the triangle. Ordinary generating function: 1/((1-x)(1-qx)(1-q^2x)) = 1 + x(1 + q + q^2) + x^2(1 + q + 2q^2 + q^3 + q^4) + .... - Peter Bala, Sep 23 2007
For n >= 2, let a(n,i) denote the i-th entry of the (n-1)-st row of this triangle; for every 0 <= i <= n-2, a(n,i) = a(n,2(n-2)-i) = ceiling((i+1)/2). - Christian Barrientos, Aug 08 2019

More terms from Christian Barrientos, Aug 08 2019

A118175 Binary representation of n-th iteration of the Rule 220 elementary cellular automaton starting with a single black cell.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0

Offset: 0

Eric W. Weisstein, Apr 13 2006

From Franklin T. Adams-Watters, Jul 05 2009: (Start)
Divided into rows of length 2n, row n consists of n 1's followed by n 0's.
Characteristic function of A061885, 1-based characteristic function of A004201. (End)
From Wolfdieter Lang, Dec 05 2012: (Start)
The row lengths sequence is A005408 (the odd numbers). The sum of row No. n is given by A000027(n+1).
This table is the first difference table of the q-binomial (Gauss polynomial) coefficient table G(2;n,k) = [q^k]( [n+2,2]_q) (see table A008967): a(n,k) = G(2;n,k) - G(2;n-1,k). The o.g.f. for the row polynomials is therefore G2(q,z) = (1-z)/Product((1-q^j*z),j=0..2) = 1/((1-q*z)*(1-q^2*z)). Therefore, a(n,k) determines the number of partitions of k into precisely n parts, each <= 2. It determines also the number of partitions of k into at most 2 parts, each <= n but not <= (n-1), i.e., with part n present. See comments on A008967 regarding partitions.
From the o.g.f. G2(q,z) it should be clear that there are 0's for n > k and only 1's for k = n,...,2*n.
(End)
This sequence is also generated by Rule 252. - Robert Price, Jan 31 2016
a(n) is 1 if the nearest square to n is >= n, otherwise 0. - Branko Curgus, Apr 25 2017

			The table a(n,k) begins:
  n\k 0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 ...
  0:  1
  1:  0  1  1
  2:  0  0  1  1  1
  3:  0  0  0  1  1  1  1
  4:  0  0  0  0  1  1  1  1  1
  5:  0  0  0  0  0  1  1  1  1  1  1
  6:  0  0  0  0  0  0  1  1  1  1  1  1  1
  7:  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1
  8:  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1
  9:  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1
... Reformatted and extended by _Wolfdieter Lang_, Dec 05 2012
Partition examples: a(n,k) = 0 if n>k because the maximal number of parts of a partition of k is k. a(n,n) = 1, n >= 1, because only the partition 1^n has n parts, and 1 <= 2.
  a(2,3) = 1 because the only partition of 3 with 2 parts, each <= 2, is 1,2. Also, the only partition of 3 with at most 2 parts, each <= 2, and a part 2 present is also 1,2.
  a(5,7) =1 because the only 5-part partition of 7 with maximal part 2 is 1^3,2^3. Also, the only partition of 7 with at most 2 parts, each <= 5, which a part 5 present is 2,5.

Robert Price, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..9999
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Rule 220
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Elementary Cellular Automaton
Stephen Wolfram, A New Kind of Science
Index entries for sequences related to cellular automata
Index to Elementary Cellular Automata

Cf. A083420, A219238.

Table[1 - Ceiling[Sqrt[n]] + Round[Sqrt[n]], {n, 1, 257}] (* Branko Curgus, Apr 26 2017 *)
Table[{Array[1&,n],Array[0&,n]},{n,1,5}]//Flatten (* Wolfgang Hintze, Jul 28 2017 *)

from math import isqrt
def A118175(n): return 1+int(n-(m:=isqrt(n+1))*(m+1)>=0)-int(m**2!=n+1) # Chai Wah Wu, Jul 30 2022

a(n) = 1 - A079813(n+1). - Philippe Deléham, Jan 02 2012
a(n) = 1 - ceiling(sqrt(n+1)) + round(sqrt(n+1)). - Branko Curgus, Apr 27 2017 [Corrected by Ridouane Oudra, Dec 01 2019]
G.f.: x/(1 - x)*( Sum_{n >= 1} x^(n^2-n)*(1-x^n)) = 1/(2-2*x)* ( x + x^(3/4)*EllipticTheta(2,0,x) - x*EllipticTheta(3,0,x) ). - Wolfgang Hintze, Jul 28 2017
a(n) = floor(sqrt(n+1)+1/2) - floor(sqrt(n)) = round(sqrt(n+1)) - floor(sqrt(n)). - Ridouane Oudra, Dec 01 2019

cp's OEIS Frontend

A008967 Coefficients of Gaussian polynomials q_binomial(n-2, 2). Also triangle of distribution of rank sums: Wilcoxon's statistic. Irregular triangle read by rows.

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