A235801 -id:A235801 - cp's OEIS frontend

A347270 Square array T(n,k) in which row n lists the 3x+1 sequence starting at n, read by antidiagonals upwards, with n >= 1 and k >= 0.

1, 2, 4, 3, 1, 2, 4, 10, 4, 1, 5, 2, 5, 2, 4, 6, 16, 1, 16, 1, 2, 7, 3, 8, 4, 8, 4, 1, 8, 22, 10, 4, 2, 4, 2, 4, 9, 4, 11, 5, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 10, 28, 2, 34, 16, 1, 4, 1, 4, 1, 11, 5, 14, 1, 17, 8, 4, 2, 4, 2, 4, 12, 34, 16, 7, 4, 52, 4, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 13, 6, 17, 8, 22

Offset: 1

Omar E. Pol, Aug 25 2021

This array gives all 3x+1 sequences.
The 3x+1 or Collatz problem is described in A006370.
Column k gives the image of n at the k-th step.
This infinite square array contains the irregular triangles A070165, A235795 and A347271.
For a piping diagram of the 3x+1 problem see A235800.

			The corner of the square array begins:
   1, 4, 2, 1, 4, 2, 1, 4, 2, 1, 4, 2, 1, 4, 2, 1, 4, 2, 1, 4, ...
   2, 1, 4, 2, 1, 4, 2, 1, 4, 2, 1, 4, 2, 1, 4, 2, 1, 4, 2, 1, ...
   3,10, 5,16, 8, 4, 2, 1, 4, 2, 1, 4, 2, 1, 4, 2, 1, 4, 2, 1, ...
   4, 2, 1, 4, 2, 1, 4, 2, 1, 4, 2, 1, 4, 2, 1, 4, 2, 1, 4, 2, ...
   5,16, 8, 4, 2, 1, 4, 2, 1, 4, 2, 1, 4, 2, 1, 4, 2, 1, 4, 2, ...
   6, 3,10, 5,16, 8, 4, 2, 1, 4, 2, 1, 4, 2, 1, 4, 2, 1, 4, 2, ...
   7,22,11,34,17,52,26,13,40,20,10, 5,16, 8, 4, 2, 1, 4, 2, 1, ...
   8, 4, 2, 1, 4, 2, 1, 4, 2, 1, 4, 2, 1, 4, 2, 1, 4, 2, 1, 4, ...
   9,28,14, 7,22,11,34,17,52,26,13,40,20,10, 5,16, 8, 4, 2, 1, ...
  10, 5,16, 8, 4, 2, 1, 4, 2, 1, 4, 2, 1, 4, 2, 1, 4, 2, 1, 4, ...
  11,34,17,52,26,13,40,20,10, 5,16, 8, 4, 2, 1, 4, 2, 1, 4, 2, ...
  12, 6, 3,10, 5,16, 8, 4, 2, 1, 4, 2, 1, 4, 2, 1, 4, 2, 1, 4, ...
  13,40,20,10, 5,16, 8, 4, 2, 1, 4, 2, 1, 4, 2, 1, 4, 2, 1, 4, ...
  14, 7,22,11,34,17,52,26,13,40,20,10, 5,16, 8, 4, 2, 1, 4, 2, ...
...

Paolo Xausa, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..11325 (antidiagonals 1..150 of the array, flattened)
J. C. Lagarias, The 3x+1 Problem: An Overview, arXiv:2111.02635 [math.NT], 2021.
Index entries for sequences related to 3x+1 (or Collatz) problem

Main diagonal gives A347272.
Parity of this sequence is A347283.
Largest value in row n gives A056959.
Number of nonpowers of 2 in row n gives A208981.
Some rows n are: A153727 (n=1), A033478 (n=3), A033479 (n=9), A033480 (n=15), A033481 (n=21), A008884 (n=27), A008880 (n=33), A008878 (n=39), A008883 (n=51), A008877 (n=57), A008874 (n=63), A258056 (n=75), A258098 (n=79), A008876 (n=81), A008879 (n=87), A008875 (n=95), A008873 (n=97), A008882 (n=99), A245671 (n=1729).
First four columns k are: A000027 (k=0), A006370 (k=1), A075884 (k=2), A076536 (k=3).
Cf. A006877, A014682, A057716, A070165, A078719, A135282, A235795, A235800, A235801, A347265, A347267, A347268, A347269, A347271, A347519.

T:= proc(n, k) option remember; `if`(k=0, n, (j->
      `if`(j::even, j/2, 3*j+1))(T(n, k-1)))
    end:
seq(seq(T(d-k, k), k=0..d-1), d=1..20);  # Alois P. Heinz, Aug 25 2021

T[n_, k_] := T[n, k] = If[k == 0, n, Function[j,
     If[EvenQ[j], j/2, 3*j + 1]][T[n, k - 1]]];
Table[Table[T[d - k, k], {k, 0, d - 1}], {d, 1, 20}] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Mar 02 2022, after Alois P. Heinz *)

A235795 Triangle read by rows T(n,k) in which row n gives the trajectory of n in Collatz problem including the trajectory [1, 4, 2, 1] for n = 1.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 4, 2, 1, 2, 1, 3, 10, 5, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1, 4, 2, 1, 5, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1, 6, 3, 10, 5, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1, 7, 22, 11, 34, 17, 52, 26, 13, 40, 20, 10, 5, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1, 8, 4, 2, 1, 9, 28, 14, 7, 22, 11, 34, 17, 52, 26, 13, 40, 20, 10, 5, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1, 10, 5, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1, 11, 34, 17, 52, 26, 13

Offset: 1

Omar E. Pol, Jan 15 2014

Also [1, 4, 2] together with A070165.

			The irregular triangle begins:
1,4,2,1;
2,1;
3,10,5,16,8,4,2,1;
4,2,1;
5,16,8,4,2,1;
6,3,10,5,16,8,4,2,1;
7,22,11,34,17,52,26,13,40,20,10,5,16,8,4,2,1;
8,4,2,1;
9,28,14,7,22,11,34,17,52,26,13,40,20,10,5,16,8,4,2,1;
10,5,16,8,4,2,1;
11,34,17,52,26,13,40,20,10,5,16,8,4,2,1;
12,6,3,10,5,16,8,4,2,1;
13,40,20,10,5,16,8,4,2,1;
14,7,22,11,34,17,52,26,13,40,20,10,5,16,8,4,2,1;
...

Michael De Vlieger, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..11449 (rows 1..250, flattened)
Index entries for sequences related to 3x+1 (or Collatz) problem
Index entries for sequences related to Benford's law

Cf. A000079, A014682, A006370, A070165, A235800, A235801, A347270 (all 3x+1 sequences).

Prepend[Array[NestWhileList[If[EvenQ[#], #/2, 3 # + 1] &, #, # > 1 &] &, 10, 2], NestWhileList[If[EvenQ[#], #/2, 3 # + 1] &, 1, # > 1 &, {2, 1}]] // Flatten (* Michael De Vlieger, Oct 27 2021 *)

f(n) = if (n%2, 3*n+1, n/2); \\ A014682
row(n) = {my(list=List()); listput(list, n); until(n==1, n = f(n); listput(list, n)); Vec(list);} \\ Michel Marcus, Sep 10 2021

A235800 Length of n-th vertical line segment from left to right in a diagram of a two-dimensional version of the 3x+1 (or Collatz) problem.

Original entry on oeis.org

3, 1, 7, 2, 11, 3, 15, 4, 19, 5, 23, 6, 27, 7, 31, 8, 35, 9, 39, 10, 43, 11, 47, 12, 51, 13, 55, 14, 59, 15, 63, 16, 67, 17, 71, 18, 75, 19, 79, 20, 83, 21, 87, 22, 91, 23, 95, 24, 99, 25, 103, 26, 107, 27, 111, 28, 115, 29, 119, 30, 123, 31, 127, 32

Offset: 1

Omar E. Pol, Jan 15 2014

nonn

In the diagram every cycle is represented by a directed graph.
After (3x + 1) the next step is (3y + 1).
After (x/2) the next step is (y/2).
A235801(n) gives the length of n-th horizontal line segment in the same diagram.
Also A004767 and A000027 interleaved.

			The first part of the diagram in the first quadrant looks like this:
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.              _ _|_ _|_ _|_ _|_ _|_ _|_ _|_ _.
.             |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |_|_.
.             |   |   |   |   |   |   |  _ _|_.
.             |   |   |   |   |   |   |_|_ _|_.
.             |   |   |   |   |   |  _ _|_ _|_.
.             |   |   |   |   |   |_|_ _|_ _|_.
.          _ _|_ _|_ _|_ _|_ _|_ _ _|_ _|_ _|_.
.         |   |   |   |   |   |_|_ _|_ _|_ _|_.
.         |   |   |   |   |  _ _|_ _|_ _|_ _|_.
.         |   |   |   |   |_|_ _|_ _|_ _|_ _|_.
.         |   |   |   |  _ _|_ _|_ _|_ _|_ _|_.
.         |   |   |   |_|_ _|_ _|_ _|_ _|_ _| .
.      _ _|_ _|_ _|_ _ _|_ _|_ _|_ _|_ _|     .
.     |   |   |   |_|_ _|_ _|_ _|_ _|         .
.     |   |   |  _ _|_ _|_ _|_ _|             .
.     |   |   |_|_ _|_ _|_ _|                 .
.     |   |  _ _|_ _|_ _|                     .
.     |   |_|_ _|_ _|                         .
.  _ _|_ _ _|_ _|                             .
. |   |_|_ _|                                 .
. |  _ _|                                     .
. |_|                                         .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 3,1,7,2,11...
From _Omar E. Pol_, Aug 25 2021: (Start)
The above diagram is the skeleton of a piping model of the 3x+1 or Collatz problem as shown below:
The model consists of pipes, 90-degree elbows and three types of pumps that propel the fluid through the pipes.
The corner of the infinite diagram looks like this:
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
                            | |         | |         | |         | |  _ _ _  .
                            | |         | |         | |         | | |     |_.
                            | |         | |         | |         | | |  12  _.
                            | |         | |         | |        _| |_|_ v _| .
                            | |         | |         | |       |  ^  |_|_|_ _.
                            | |         | |         | |       |  11  _ _ _ _.
                            | |         | |         | |  _ _ _|_ _ _| | |   .
                 _ _ _ _ _ _|_|_ _ _ _ _|_|_ _ _ _ _|_|_|     |_ _ _ _|_|_ _.
                |  _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _   10  _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
                | |         | |         | |        _| |_|_ v _|       | |   .
                | |         | |         | |       |  ^  |_| |_ _ _ _ _| |_ _.
                | |         | |         | |       |  9   _| |_ _ _ _ _| |_ _.
                | |         | |         | |  _ _ _|_ _ _| | |         | |   .
                | |         | |         | | |     |_ _ _ _| |_ _ _ _ _|_|_ _.
                | |         | |         | | |  8   _ _ _ _| |_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
                | |         | |        _| |_|_ v _|       | |         | |   .
                | |         | |       |  ^  |_| |_ _ _ _ _| |_ _ _ _ _|_|_ _.
                | |         | |       |  7   _| |_ _ _ _ _| |_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
                | |         | |  _ _ _|_ _ _| | |         | |         | |   .
                | |         | | |     |_ _ _ _| |_ _ _ _ _| |_ _ _ _ _| |   .
                | |         | | |  6   _ _ _ _| |_ _ _ _ _| |_ _ _ _ _ _|   .
                | |        _| |_|_ v _|       | |         | |               .
                | |       |  ^  |_|_|_ _ _ _ _|_|_ _ _ _ _| |               .
                | |       |  5   _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _|               .
                | |  _ _ _|_ _ _| | |         | |                           .
     _ _ _ _ _ _|_|_|     |_ _ _ _|_|_ _ _ _ _| |                           .
    |  _ _ _ _ _ _ _   4   _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _|                           .
    | |        _| |_|_ v _|       | |                                       .
    | |       |  ^  |_| |_ _ _ _ _| |                                       .
    | |       |  3   _| |_ _ _ _ _ _|                                       .
    | |  _ _ _|_ _ _| | |                                                   .
    | | |     |_ _ _ _| |                                                   .
    | | |  2   _ _ _ _ _|                                                   .
   _| |_|_ v _|                                                             .
  |  ^  |_| |                                                               .
  |  1   _ _|                                                               .
  |_ _ _|                                                                   .
.                                                                           .
On the main diagonal of the diagram appear the pumps labeled with the positive integers (A000027).
The pumps labeled with the numbers 2, 6, 8, 12, 14, 18, 20, 24, ... (the nonzero terms of A047238) receive the fluid from the EAST and propel it in a SOUTH direction. The fluid then passes through a 90-degree elbow and then heads WEST.
The pumps labeled with the numbers 4, 10, 16, 22, 28, 34, 40, ... (A016957) are of the type "TEE" as they have two side inlets and one outlet. These receive the fluid from the EAST and from the WEST and propel it in a SOUTH direction. The fluid then passes through a 90-degree elbow and then heads WEST.
The pumps labeled with the numbers 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, ... (A005408) receive the fluid from the EAST and propel it in the NORTH direction. The fluid then passes through a 90-degree elbow and then heads EAST.
Starting from the n-th pump we have that the fluid makes a path equivalent to the trayectory of the 3x+1 sequence starting at n. (End)

Chai Wah Wu, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
Index entries for sequences related to 3x+1 (or Collatz) problem
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (0,2,0,-1).

Cf. A347270 (all 3x+1 sequences).
Cf. Companion of A235801.
Cf. A000027, A004767, A005408, A006370, A014682, A016957, A047238, A070165, A193356, A235795.

LinearRecurrence[{0,2,0,-1},{3,1,7,2},70] (* Harvey P. Dale, Sep 29 2016 *)

from _future_ import division
A235800_list = [4*(n//2) + 3 if n % 2 else n//2 for n in range(1,10**4)] # Chai Wah Wu, Sep 26 2016

a(n) = A006370(n) - A193356(n).
From Chai Wah Wu, Sep 26 2016: (Start)
a(n) = 2*a(n-2) - a(n-4) for n > 4.
G.f.: x*(x^2 + x + 3)/((x - 1)^2*(x + 1)^2). (End)

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A347270 Square array T(n,k) in which row n lists the 3x+1 sequence starting at n, read by antidiagonals upwards, with n >= 1 and k >= 0.

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A235795 Triangle read by rows T(n,k) in which row n gives the trajectory of n in Collatz problem including the trajectory [1, 4, 2, 1] for n = 1.

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A235800 Length of n-th vertical line segment from left to right in a diagram of a two-dimensional version of the 3x+1 (or Collatz) problem.

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