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For the corresponding positive fundamental solution y(n) see A261248(n).

[x(n), y(n)] gives the positive proper fundamental solution for D(n) = A261246(n), for n >= 1.

See the comments on A261246 for this generalized Pell equation.

For the corresponding positive fundamental solution x(n) see A261247(n).

[x(n), y(n)] gives the positive proper fundamental solution for D(n) = A261246(n), for n >= 1.

See the comments on A261246 for this generalized Pell equation.

These are the nonsquare odd numbers D that admit proper solutions (x, y) to the generalized Pell equation x^2 - D*y^2 = +8 with both x and y odd. They are given by D == 1 (mod 8), not a square, no prime factors 3 or 5 (mod 8) in the composite case (see A263011), and they are not exceptional values which are given in A264348. Up to the number 2000 these exceptional values are 257, 401, 577, 697, 761, 1009, 1129, 1297, 1393, 1489, 1601, 1897. [sequence reference corrected by Peter Munn, Jun 19 2020]

The corresponding positive proper fundamental solutions (x1(D), y1(D)) for the first class are given in A264349 and A264350. There always seem to be two conjugacy classes. The positive proper fundamental solution of the second class (x2, y2) is, for given D, obtained by applying the matrix M(D) = matrix[[x0(D), D*y0(D)],[y0(D), x0(D)]] on (x1(D), -y1(D))^T (T for transposed). Here (x0(D), y0(D)) is the positive fundamental solution of the Pell equation x^2 - D*y^2 = +1 (which is always proper). See the appropriate entries of A033313 and A033317 for these solutions. There would be only one class (the ambiguous case) if this application of M(D) would lead to (x1(D), y1(D))^T. This does not seem to happen. The positive proper fundamental solutions (x2(D), y2(D)) of the second class are given in A264351 and A264353.

The case of odd D with both y and x even leads to improper solutions obtained from the +2 Pell equation (see A261246), e.g., D = 7 has the fundamental positive improper solution (6, 2) = 2*(3, 1) obtained from the proper solution (3, 1) of x^2 - 7*y^2 = +2 (see A261247(2) and A261248(2)). There is only one class of solutions (ambiguous case).

The case of even D with y odd and x even needs D == 0 (mod 4). See 4*A261246 = A264354 for the even D values that admit proper solutions. There appear one or two classes of solutions in this case.

The improper solutions with even D and both x and y even, come from X^2 - D*Y2 = +2 which needs D/2 odd without prime factors 3 or 5 (mod 8) in the composite case. Such D values that do not admit a solution are called exceptional and are given by A264352.

This is a proper subsequence of A263011.

This is 4*A261246.

The proper positive fundamental solution (x1(n), y1(n)) of the first class is given by (2*A261247(n), A261248(n)) for D(n) = a(n), n >= 1. If there are two classes the proper positive fundamental solution (x2(n), y2(n)) for the second class is given by (A264357(n), A264386(n)) for D(n). If the fundamental solutions of the two classes coincide then there is only one class (the ambiguous case) for these D(n) values. It is conjectured that there are no more than two classes. For the computation of (x2(n), y2(n)) from (x1(n), -y1(n)) by application of the matrix M(n) for D(n) see a comment under A263012.

D = 8, 56, 136, 184, 248, 376, 392, 568, 632, 776, 824, 952, 1016, 1208, 1288, 1336, 1528, ... have only one class of solution, because for them (x1, y1) = (x2, y2). These D values are the ones with x1(n) = 2*sqrt(x0(n)+1) and y1(n) = 2*y0(n) / sqrt(x0(n)+1) where (x0(n), y0(n)) are the positive fundamental solution of the +1 Pell equation with D = D(n). These are the upper bounds of the inequalities, eqs. (4) and (5) given in the Nagell reference on p. 206. E.g., D = 184 = A000037(171) = a(8) with x0(8) = A033313(171) = 24335 and y0(8) = A033317(171) = 1794 leads to x1(8) = 2*sqrt(24336) = 312 and y1(8) = 2*1794/sqrt(24336) = 23. These D numbers with only one class of proper solutions are the entries which are divisible by 8, that is four times the even numbers of A261246.

These are the even numbers D = 2*d with odd d having no prime factors 3 or 5 (mod 8), and do not represent +2 by the indefinite binary quadratic form X^2 - D*Y^2 (with discriminant 4*D > 0).

These even D numbers satisfy the necessary condition given in A261246. This condition is not sufficient as the present numbers show.

a(n)/2 = d(n) is 7 (mod 8) for n = 24, 31, 48, 55, 57, ...

The numbers D which admit solutions to the Pell equation X^2 - D Y^2 = +2 are given by A261246.

The exceptional odd D numbers are given in A263010.

These are the odd numbers 7 (mod 8), not a square, that have in the composite case no prime factors 3 or 5 (mod 8), and do not represent +2 by the indefinite binary quadratic form X^2 - D*Y^2 (with discriminant 4*D > 0).

The numbers D which admit solutions of the Pell equation X^2 - D Y^2 = +2 are given by A261246.

Necessary conditions for nonsquare odd D were shown there to be D == 7 (mod 8), without prime factors 3 or 5 (mod 8) in the composite case. Thus only prime factors +1 (mod 8) and -1 (mod 8) can appear, and the number of the latter is odd. It has been conjectured that all such numbers D appear in A261246, but this conjecture is false as the present sequence shows.

All entries seem to be composite. The first numbers are 791 = 7*113, 799 = 17*47, 943 = 23*41, 1271 = 31*41, 1351 = 7*193, 1631 = 7*233, ...

For counterexamples to the conjecture in A261246 for even D see A264352.

Calculated using Dario Alpern's quadratic Diophantine solver, see link.

Calculated using Dario Alpern's quadratic Diophantine solver, see link.

This sequence is the union of A263012 and A264354. See these sequences for details and examples.

For square D the only solution is D=1 with (3, 1).

Improper solutions derive from 2*(X, Y) with (X, Y) proper solutions for D a member of A261246.

Calculated using Dario Alpern's quadratic Diophantine solver, see link.