A269400 -id:A269400 - cp's OEIS frontend

A262357 Number of ordered ways to write n as w^2 + x^2 + y^2 + z^2 with w^2x^2 + 5x^2y^2 + 80y^2z^2 + 20z^2*w^2 a square, where w is a positive integer and x,y,z are nonnegative integers.

1, 2, 1, 1, 4, 3, 2, 2, 4, 5, 1, 1, 6, 3, 2, 1, 6, 7, 2, 4, 8, 6, 2, 3, 8, 9, 3, 2, 8, 5, 2, 2, 6, 6, 2, 4, 9, 5, 4, 5, 8, 5, 1, 1, 10, 5, 3, 1, 5, 9, 3, 6, 10, 10, 6, 3, 5, 5, 2, 2, 12, 3, 5, 1, 13, 9, 3, 6, 10, 9

Offset: 1

Zhi-Wei Sun, Apr 17 2016

nonn

Conjecture: (i) a(n) > 0 for all n > 0, and a(n) = 1 only for n = 4^k*m (k = 0,1,2,... and m = 1, 3, 11, 43, 547, 763, 1739, 6783).
(ii) For each quadruples (a,b,c,d) = (1,3,78,27), (1,3,222,75), (4,12,81,108), (6,27,25,75), (7,21,112,32), any positive integer can be written as w^2 + x^2 + y^2 + z^2 with a*w^2*x^2 + b*x^2*y^2 + c*y^2*z^2 + d*z^2*w^2 a square, where w is a positive integer and x,y,z are integers.
(iii) Each n = 0,1,2,.... can be written as w^2 + x^2 + y^2 + z^2 with w,x,y,z integers such that w^2*x^2 + 4*x^2*y^2 + 44*y^2*z^2 + 16*z^2*w^2 = 5*t^2 for some integer t.
See also A268507, A269400, A271510, A271513, A271518, A271665, A271714, A271721, A271724, A271775, A271778 and A271824 for other conjectures refining Lagrange's four-square theorem.

			a(1) = 1 since 1 = 1^2 + 0^2 + 0^2 + 0^2 with 1 > 0 and 1^2*0^2 + 5*0^2*0^2 + 80*0^2*0^2 + 20*0^2*1^2 = 0^2.
a(2) = 2 since 2 = 1^2 + 0^2 + 1^2 + 0^2 with 1 > 0 and 1^2*0^2 + 5*0^2*1^2 + 80*1^2*0^2 + 20*0^2*1^2 = 0^2, and also 2 = 1^2 + 1^2 + 0^2 + 0^2 with 1 > 0 and 1^2*1^2 + 5*1^2*0^2 + 80*0^2*0^2 + 20*0^2*1^2 = 1^2.
a(3) = 1 since 3 = 1^2 + 0^2 + 1^2 + 1^2 with 1 > 0 and 1^2*0^2 + 5*0^2*1^2 + 80*1^2*1^2 + 20*1^2*1^2 = 10^2.
a(11) = 1 since 11 = 1^2 + 0^2 + 1^2 + 3^2 with 1 > 0 and
1^2*0^2 + 5*0^2*1^2 + 80*1^2*3^2 + 20*3^2*1^2 = 30^2.
a(43) = 1 since 43 = 3^2 + 0^2 + 3^2 + 5^2 with 3 > 0 and 3*0^2 + 5*0^2*3^2 + 80*3^2*5^2 + 20*5^2*3^2 = 150^2.
a(547) = 1 since 547 = 3^2 + 0^2 + 3^2 + 23^2 with 3 > 0 and 3^2*0^2 + 5*0^2*3^2 + 80*3^2*23^2 + 20*23^2*3^2 = 690^2.
a(763) = 1 since 763 = 13^2 + 20^2 + 13^2 + 5^2 with 13 > 0 and 13^2*20^2 + 5*20^2*13^2 + 80*13^2*5^2 + 20*5^2*13^2 = 910^2.
a(1739) = 1 since 1739 = 15^2 + 16^2 + 27^2 + 23^2 with 15 > 0 and 15^2*16^2 + 5*16^2*27^2 + 80*27^2*23^2 + 20*23^2*15^2 = 5850^2.
a(6783) = 1 since 6783 = 17^2 + 73^2 + 18^2 + 29^2 with 17 > 0 and 17^2*73^2 + 5*73^2*18^2 + 80*18^2*29^2 + 20*29^2*17^2 = 6069^2.

Zhi-Wei Sun, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
Zhi-Wei Sun, Refining Lagrange's four-square theorem, arxiv:1604.06723, 2016.

Cf. A000118, A000290, A268507, A269400, A271510, A271513, A271518, A271608, A271665, A271714, A271721, A271724, A271775, A271778, A271824.

SQ[n_]:=SQ[n]=IntegerQ[Sqrt[n]]
Do[r=0;Do[If[SQ[n-x^2-y^2-z^2]&&SQ[(n-x^2-y^2-z^2)*x^2+5*x^2*y^2+80*y^2*z^2+20*z^2*(n-x^2-y^2-z^2)],r=r+1],{x,0,Sqrt[n-1]},{y,0,Sqrt[n-1-x^2]},{z,0,Sqrt[n-1-x^2-y^2]}];Print[n," ",r];Continue,{n,1,70}]

A268507 Number of ordered ways to write n as w^2 + x^2 + y^2 + z^2 with w > 0, w >= x <= y <= z such that x^2y^2 + y^2z^2 + z^2*x^2 is a square, where w,x,y,z are nonnegative integers.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 3, 3, 2, 1, 2, 3, 2, 1, 4, 4, 2, 2, 3, 3, 1, 2, 3, 5, 4, 1, 5, 5, 1, 1, 5, 4, 4, 3, 2, 5, 1, 3, 7, 6, 3, 2, 5, 4, 1, 1, 5, 7, 6, 2, 5, 8, 1, 3, 4, 3, 5, 2, 5, 7, 4, 1, 8, 8, 3, 4, 6, 6, 1, 4, 6, 9, 5, 2, 6, 7, 1, 2

Offset: 1

Zhi-Wei Sun, Apr 16 2016

nonn

Conjecture: (i) a(n) > 0 for all n > 0, and a(n) = 1 only for n = 2^k, 4^k*m (k = 0,1,2,... and m = 3, 7, 23, 31, 39, 47, 55, 71, 79, 151, 191, 551).
(ii) For each triple (a,b,c) = (1,4,4), (1,4,16), (1,4,26), (1,4,31), (1,4,34), (1,9,9), (1,9,11), (1,9,17), (1,9,21), (1,9,27), (1,9,33), (1,9,41), (1,18,24), (1,36,44), (3,4,8), (4,6,9), (4,8,19), (4,8,27), (4,9,36), (4,16,41), (4,19,29), (5,9,25), (7,9,33), (7,25,49), (9,10,45), (9,12,28), (9,16,36), (9,21,49), (9,24,37), (9,25,27), (9,25,45), (9,30,40), (9,32,64), (9,34,36), (9,44,61), (14,25,40), (16,17,36), (16,20,25), (24,36,39), (25,40,64), (25,45,51), (27,36,37), (28,44,49), (32,49,64), (36,43,45), (36,54,58), any natural number can be written as w^2 + x^2 + y^2 + z^2 with w,x,y,z integers such that a*x^2*y^2 + b*y^2*z^2 + c*z^2*x^2 is a square.
See also A269400, A271510, A271513, A271518, A271665, A271714, A271721, A271724, A271775, A271778 and A271824 for other conjectures refining Lagrange's four-square theorem.
The author has proved in arXiv:1604.06723 that a(n) > 0 for any positive integer n. - Zhi-Wei Sun, May 09 2016

			a(2) = 1 since 2 = 1^2 + 0^2 + 0^2 + 1^2 with 1 > 0 = 0 < 1 and 0^2*0^2 + 0^2*1^2 + 1^2*0^2 = 0^2.
a(3) = 1 since 3 = 1^2 + 0^2 + 1^2 + 1^2 with 1 > 0 < 1 = 1 and 0^2*1^2 + 1^2*1^2 + 1^2*0^2 = 1^2.
a(7) = 1 since 7 = 1^2 + 1^2 + 1^2 + 2^2 with 1 = 1 = 1 < 2 and 1^2*1^2 + 1^2*2^2 + 2^2*1^2 = 3^2.
a(23) = 1 since 23 = 3^2 + 1^2 + 2^2 + 3^2 with 3 > 1 < 2 < 3 and 1^2*2^2 + 2^2*3^2 + 3^2*1^2 = 7^2.
a(31) = 1 since 31 = 5^2 + 1^2 + 1^2 + 2^2 with 5 > 1 = 1 < 2 and 1^2*1^2 + 1^2*2^2 + 2^2*1^2 = 3^2.
a(39) = 1 since 39 = 5^2 + 1^2 + 2^2 + 3^2 with 5 > 1 < 2 < 3 and 1^2*2^2 + 2^2*3^2 + 3^2*1^2 = 7^2.
a(47) = 1 since 47 = 3^2 + 2^2 + 3^2 + 5^2 with 3 > 2 < 3 < 5 and 2^2*3^2 + 3^2*5^2 + 5^2*2^2 = 19^2.
a(55) = 1 since 55 = 7^2 + 1^2 + 1^2 + 2^2 with 7 > 1 = 1 < 2 and 1^2*1^2 + 1^2*2^2 + 2^2*1^2 = 3^2.
a(71) = 1 since 71 = 3^2 + 1^2 + 5^2 + 6^2 with 3 > 1 < 5 < 6 and 1^2*5^2 + 5^2*6^2 + 6^2*1^2 = 31^2.
a(79) = 1 since 79 = 5^2 + 3^2 + 3^2 + 6^2 with 5 > 3 = 3 < 6 and 3^2*3^2 + 3^2*6^2 + 6^2*3^2 = 27^2.
a(151) = 1 since 151 = 5^2 + 3^2 + 6^2 + 9^2 with 5 > 3 < 6 < 9 and 3^2*6^2 + 6^2*9^2 + 9^2*3^2 = 63^2.
a(191) = 1 since 191 = 3^2 + 1^2 + 9^2 + 10^2 with 3 > 1 < 9 < 10 and 1^2*9^2 + 9^2*10^2 + 10^2*1^2 = 91^2.
a(551) = 1 since 551 = 15^2 + 3^2 + 11^2 + 14^2 with 15 > 3 < 11 < 14 and 3^2*11^2 + 11^2*14^2 + 14^2*3^2 = 163^2.

Zhi-Wei Sun, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
Zhi-Wei Sun, Refining Lagrange's four-square theorem, arXiv:1604.06723 [math.NT], 2016-2017.

Cf. A000118, A000290, A269400, A271510, A271513, A271518, A271608, A271665, A271714, A271721, A271724, A271775, A271778, A271824.

SQ[n_]:=SQ[n]=IntegerQ[Sqrt[n]]
TQ[n_]:=TQ[n]=n>0&&SQ[n]
Do[r=0;Do[If[TQ[n-x^2-y^2-z^2]&&SQ[x^2*y^2+y^2*z^2+z^2*x^2],r=r+1],{x,0,Sqrt[n/4]},{y,x,Sqrt[(n-2x^2)/2]},{z,y,Sqrt[n-2x^2-y^2]}];Print[n," ",r];Continue,{n,1,80}]

A272084 Number of ordered ways to write n as x^2 + y^2 + z^2 + w^2 with 4x^2 + 5y^2 + 20zw a square, where x,y,z,w are nonnegative integers with z < w.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 3, 3, 2, 2, 1, 2, 3, 1, 3, 4, 4, 1, 4, 1, 2, 1, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 1, 2, 3, 5, 4, 2, 3, 3, 3, 2, 1, 2, 6, 6, 2, 3, 2, 2, 1, 3, 4, 4, 2, 3, 1, 6, 1, 5, 3, 4, 3, 4, 1, 4, 3, 4, 8, 4, 2, 1, 3, 2, 2, 5, 4, 4, 1, 6, 3, 6, 2, 5, 6, 7, 3, 2, 2, 2, 1, 3, 5, 9, 3

Offset: 1

Zhi-Wei Sun, Apr 19 2016

nonn

Conjecture: (i) a(n) > 0 for all n > 0, and a(n) = 1 only for n = 2^k*q (k = 0,1,2,... and q = 1, 3, 7), 4^k*m (k = 0,1,2,... and m = 21, 30, 38, 62, 70, 77, 142, 217, 237, 302, 382, 406, 453, 670).
(ii) For each triple (a,b,c) = (1,8,8), (7,9,-12), (9,40,-24), (9,40,-60), any positive integer can be written as x^2 + y^2 + z^2 + w^2 with a*x^2 + b*y^2 + c*z*w a square, where w is a positive integer and x,y,z are nonnegative integers.
(iii) Any natural number can be written as x^2 + y^2 + z^2 + w^2 with (3*x+5*y)^2 -24*z*w a square, where x,y,z,w are nonnegative integers.  Also, for each ordered pair (a,b) = (1,4), (1,8), (1,12), (1,24), (1,32), (1,48), (25,24), (1,-4), (9,-4), (121,-20), every natural number can be written as x^2 + y^2 + z^2 + w^2 with a*x^2 + b*y*z a square, where x,y,z,w are nonnegative integers.
(iv) Any natural number can be written as x^2 + y^2 + z^2 + w^2 with (x^2-y^2)*(w^2-2*z^2) (or (x^2-y^2)*(2*w^2-z^2) or (x^2-y^2)*(w^2-5*z^2)) a square, where w,x,y,z are integers.
See also A262357, A268507, A269400, A271510, A271513, A271518, A271665, A271714, A271721, A271724, A271775, A271778 and A271824 for other conjectures refining Lagrange's four-square theorem.

			a(1) = 1 since 1 = 0^2 + 0^2 + 0^2 + 1^2 with 0 < 1 and 4*0^2 + 5*0^2 + 20*0*1 = 0^2.
a(2) = 1 since 2 = 1^2 + 0^2 + 0^2 + 1^2 with 0 < 1 and 4*1^2 + 5*0^2 + 20*0*1 = 2^2.
a(3) = 1 since 3 = 1^2 + 1^2 + 0^2 + 1^2 with 0 < 1 and 4*1^2 + 5*1^2 + 20*0*1 = 3^2.
a(6) = 1 since 6 = 1^2 + 1^2 + 0^2 + 2^2 with 0 < 2 and 4*1^2 + 5*1^2 + 20*0*2 = 3^2.
a(14) = 1 since 14 = 1^2 + 3^2 + 0^2 + 2^2 with 0 < 2 and 4*1^2 + 5*3^2 + 20*0*2 = 7^2.
a(21) = 1 since 21 = 0^2 + 2^2 + 1^2 + 4^2 with 1 < 4 and 4*0^2 + 5*2^2 + 20*1*4 = 10^2.
a(30) = 1 since 30 = 4^2 + 2^2 + 1^2 + 3^2 with 1 < 3 and 4*4^2 + 5*2^2 + 20*1*3 = 12^2.
a(38) = 1 since 38 = 1^2 + 1^2 + 0^2 + 6^2 with 0 < 6 and 4*1^2 + 5*1^2 + 20*0*6 = 3^2.
a(62) = 1 since 62 = 1^2 + 3^2 + 4^2 + 6^2 with 4 < 6 and 4*1^2 + 5*3^2 + 20*4*6 = 23^2.
a(70) = 1 since 70 = 7^2 + 1^2 + 2^2 + 4^2 with 2 < 4 and 4*7^2 + 5*1^2 + 20*2*4 = 19^2.
a(77) = 1 since 77 = 4^2 + 6^2 + 3^2 + 4^2 with 3 < 4 and 4*4^2 + 5*6^2 + 20*3*4 = 22^2.
a(142) = 1 since 142 = 4^2 + 6^2 + 3^2 + 9^2 with 3 < 9 and 4*4^2 + 5*6^2 + 20*3*9 = 28^2.
a(217) = 1 since 217 = 6^2 + 6^2 + 8^2 + 9^2 with 8 < 9 and 4*6^2 + 5*6^2 + 20*8*9 = 42^2.
a(237) = 1 since 237 = 5^2 + 8^2 + 2^2 + 12^2 with 2 < 12 and 4*5^2 + 5*8^2 + 20*2*12 = 30^2.
a(302) = 1 since 302 = 11^2 + 9^2 + 6^2 + 8^2 with 6 < 8 and 4*11^2 + 5*9^2 + 20*6*8 = 43^2.
a(382) = 1 since 382 = 11^2 + 7^2 + 4^2 + 14^2 with 4 < 14 and 4*11^2 + 5*4^2 + 20*4*14 = 43^2.
a(406) = 1 since 406 = 8^2 + 6^2 + 9^2 + 15^2 with 9 < 15 and 4*8^2 + 5*6^2 + 20*9*15 = 56^2.
a(453) = 1 since 453 = 8^2 + 14^2 + 7^2 + 12^2 with 7 < 12 and 4*8^2 + 5*14^2 + 20*7*12 = 54^2.
a(670) = 1 since 670 = 17^2 + 11^2 + 2^2 + 16^2 with 2 < 16 and 4*17^2 + 5*11^2 + 20*2*16 = 49^2.

Zhi-Wei Sun, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
Zhi-Wei Sun, Refining Lagrange's four-square theorem, arXiv:1604.06723, 2016.

Cf. A000118, A000290, A262357, A268507, A269400, A271510, A271513, A271518, A271608, A271665, A271714, A271721, A271724, A271775, A271778, A271824.

SQ[n_]:=SQ[n]=IntegerQ[Sqrt[n]]
Do[r=0;Do[If[SQ[n-x^2-y^2-z^2]&&SQ[4x^2+5y^2+20*z*Sqrt[n-x^2-y^2-z^2]],r=r+1],{x,0,Sqrt[n-1]},{y,0,Sqrt[n-1-x^2]},{z,0,Sqrt[(n-1-x^2-y^2)/2]}];Print[n," ",r];Continue,{n,1,100}]

A272332 Number of ordered ways to write n as w^2 + x^2 + y^2 + z^2 with 36x^2y + 12y^2z + z^2*x a square, where w is a positive integer and x,y,z are nonnegative integers.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 3, 2, 2, 6, 4, 3, 3, 3, 8, 5, 2, 6, 6, 4, 1, 7, 10, 6, 8, 8, 5, 2, 2, 7, 16, 8, 3, 12, 6, 4, 3, 6, 13, 8, 8, 8, 6, 5, 7, 15, 14, 4, 2, 12, 7, 3, 2, 5, 18, 8, 12, 14, 8, 7, 4, 6, 8, 7, 5, 14, 8, 5, 2, 12, 18, 8, 12, 10, 6, 3, 5, 10, 19, 10, 3, 8, 3, 1, 6

Offset: 1

Zhi-Wei Sun, Apr 26 2016

nonn

Conjecture: a(n) > 0 for all n > 0, and a(n) = 1 only for n = 16^k*m (k = 0,1,2,... and m = 1, 79, 591, 599, 1752, 1839, 10264).
We have verified that a(n) > 0 for all n = 1,...,400000.
For more refinements of Lagrange's four-square theorem, see arXiv:1604.06723.

			a(1) = 1 since 1 = 1^2 + 0^2 + 0^2 + 0^2 with 1 > 0 and 36*0^2*0 + 12*0^2*0 + 0^2*0 = 0^2.
a(79) = 1 since 79 = 7^2 + 1^2 + 5^2 + 2^2 with 7 > 0 and 36*1^2*5 + 12*5^2*2 + 2^2*1 = 28^2.
a(591) = 1 since 591 = 23^2 + 1^2 + 6^2 + 5^2 with 23 > 0 and 36*1^2*6 + 12*6^2*5 + 5^2*1 = 49^2.
a(599) = 1 since 599 = 6^2 + 1^2 + 11^2 + 21^2 with 6 > 0 and 36*1^2*11 + 12*11^2*21 + 21^2*1 = 177^2.
a(1752) = 1 since 1752 = 10^2 + 4^2 + 40^2 + 6^2 with 10 > 0 and 36*4^2*40 + 12*40^2*6 + 6^2*10 = 372^2.
a(1839) = 1 since 1839 = 17^2 + 37^2 + 9^2 + 10^2 with 17 > 0 and 36*37^2*9 + 12*9^2*10 + 10^2*37 = 676^2.
a(10264) = 1 since 10264 = 96^2 + 30^2 + 2^2 + 12^2 with 96 > 0 and 36*30^2*2 + 12*2^2*12 + 12^2*30 = 264^2.

Zhi-Wei Sun, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
Zhi-Wei Sun, Refining Lagrange's four-square theorem, arXiv:1604.06723 [math.GM], 2016.
Zhi-Wei Sun, Refine Lagrange's four-square theorem, a message to Number Theory List, April 26, 2016.

Cf. A000118, A000290, A262357, A268507, A269400, A271510, A271513, A271518, A271608, A271665, A271714, A271721, A271724, A271775, A271778, A271824, A272084, A272336.

SQ[n_]:=SQ[n]=IntegerQ[Sqrt[n]]
Do[r=0;Do[If[SQ[n-x^2-y^2-z^2]&&SQ[36*x^2*y+12*y^2*z+z^2*x],r=r+1],{x,0,Sqrt[n-1]},{y,0,Sqrt[n-1-x^2]},{z,0,Sqrt[n-1-x^2-y^2]}];Print[n," ",r];Continue,{n,1,80}]

A272351 Number of ordered ways to write n as w^2 + x^2 + y^2 + z^2 with x^4 + 8yz*(y^2+z^2) a fourth power, where w,x,y,z are nonnegative integers with w >= x and y > z.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 3, 3, 2, 1, 2, 3, 2, 1, 4, 5, 2, 2, 3, 3, 2, 2, 3, 5, 4, 1, 5, 6, 1, 1, 5, 4, 5, 3, 2, 5, 2, 3, 7, 7, 3, 2, 5, 4, 2, 1, 5, 8, 7, 2, 5, 9, 1, 3, 4, 4, 5, 2, 5, 8, 6, 1, 8, 8, 4, 4, 6, 5, 1, 5, 5, 10, 6, 2, 6, 8, 1, 2

Offset: 1

Zhi-Wei Sun, Apr 27 2016

nonn

Conjecture: (i) a(n) > 0 for all n > 0, and a(n) = 1 only for n = 2^k, 4^k*m (k = 0,1,2,... and m = 3, 7, 31, 55, 71, 79, 151, 191).
(ii) For (b,c) = (8,8), (16,64), any positive integer can be written as w^2 + x^2 + y^2 + z^2 with x^4 + b*y^3*z + c*y*z^3 a fourth power, where w is a positive integer and x,y,z are nonnegative integers.
(iii) For each triple (a,b,c) = (1,20,60), (1,24,56), (9,20,60), (9,32,96), any positive integer can be written as w^2 + x^2 + y^2 + z^2 with a*x^4 + b*y^3*z + c*y*z^3 a square, where w is a positive integer and x,y,z are nonnegative integers.
The author has proved part (ii) of the conjecture in arXiv:1604.06723. - Zhi-Wei Sun, May 09 2016

			a(1) = 1 since 1 = 0^2 + 0^2 + 1^2 + 0^2 with 0 = 0, 1 > 0 and 0^4 + 8*1*0*(1^2+0^2) = 0^4.
a(2) = 1 since 2 = 1^2 + 0^2 + 1^2 + 0^2 with 1 > 0 and 0^4 + 8*1*0*(1^2+0^2) = 0^4.
a(3) = 1 since 3 = 1^2 + 1^2 + 1^2 + 0^2 with 1 = 1, 1 > 0 and 1^4 + 8*1*0*(1^2+0^2) = 1^4.
a(7) = 1 since 7 = 1^2 + 1^2 + 2^2 + 1^2 with 1 = 1, 3 > 1 and 1^4 + 8*2*1*(2^2+1^2) = 3^4.
a(31) = 1 since 31 = 5^2 + 1^2 + 2^2 + 1^2 with 5 > 1, 2 > 1 and 1^4 + 8*2*1*(2^2+1^2) = 3^4.
a(55) = 1 since 55 = 7^2 + 1^2 + 2^2 + 1^2 with 7 > 1, 2 > 1 and 1^4 + 8*2*1*(2^2+1^2) = 3^4.
a(71) = 1 since 71 = 3^2 + 1^2 + 6^2 + 5^2 with 3 > 1, 6 > 5 and 1^4 + 8*6*5*(6^2+5^2) = 11^4.
a(79) = 1 since 79 = 5^2 + 3^2 + 6^2 + 3^2 with 5 > 3, 6 > 3 and 3^4 + 8*6*3*(6^2+3^2) = 9^4.
a(151) = 1 since 151 = 5^2 + 3^2 + 9^2 + 6^2 with 5 > 3, 9 > 6 and 3^4 + 8*9*6*(9^2+6^2) = 15^4.
a(191) = 1 since 191 = 3^2 + 1^2 + 10^2 + 9^2 with 3 > 1, 10 > 9 and 1^4 + 8*10*9*(10^2+9^2) = 19^4.

Zhi-Wei Sun, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
Zhi-Wei Sun, Refining Lagrange's four-square theorem, arXiv:1604.06723 [math.GM], 2016.
Zhi-Wei Sun, Refine Lagrange's four-square theorem, a message to Number Theory List, April 26, 2016.

Cf. A000118, A000290, A000583, A262357, A268507, A269400, A271510, A271513, A271518, A271608, A271665, A271714, A271721, A271724, A271775, A271778, A271824, A272084, A272332.

SQ[n_]:=SQ[n]=IntegerQ[Sqrt[n]]
QQ[n_]:=QQ[n]=IntegerQ[n^(1/4)]
Do[r=0;Do[If[SQ[n-x^2-y^2-z^2]&&QQ[x^4+8y*z*(y^2+z^2)],r=r+1],{z,0,(Sqrt[2n-1]-1)/2},{y,z+1,Sqrt[n-z^2]},{x,0,Sqrt[(n-y^2-z^2)/2]}];Print[n," ",r];Continue,{n,1,80}]

A260625 Number of ordered ways to write n as x^2 + y^2 + z^2 + w^2 with (x+3y+13z)xy*z a square, where x is a positive integer, and y,z,w are nonnegative integers with y >= z.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 1, 1, 4, 4, 1, 2, 4, 5, 3, 1, 4, 7, 2, 1, 7, 6, 5, 6, 6, 5, 4, 4, 6, 11, 4, 3, 10, 7, 2, 2, 7, 7, 8, 4, 4, 10, 1, 5, 13, 7, 3, 5, 10, 6, 1, 1, 8, 13, 7, 5, 10, 13, 5, 7, 7, 6, 9, 3, 10, 13, 3, 1, 15, 13, 5, 10, 12, 8, 3, 6, 8, 16, 8, 8, 14, 8, 2, 6

Offset: 1

Zhi-Wei Sun, Apr 30 2016

nonn

Conjecture: (i) a(n) > 0 for all n > 0, and a(n) = 1 only for n = 7, 39, 47, 95, 191, 239, 327, 439, 871, 1167, 1199, 1367, 1487, 1727, 1751, 2063, 2351, 2471, 4647, 4^k*m (k = 0,1,2,... and m = 1, 3).
(ii) Any natural number can be written as x^2 + y^2 + z^2 + w^2 with x,y,z,w nonnegative integers such that (a*x+b*y+c*z)*x*y*z is a square, whenever (a,b,c) is among the triples (1,3,7), (1,5,7), (1,5,11), (1,13,23), (2,4,6), (2,4,8), (2,6,8), (2,8,26), (3,5,21), (3,7,15), (3,9,43), (3,9,69), (3,9,141), (3,21,27), (3,27,39), (3,33,45), (3,39,123), (6,8,12), (6,8,18), (6,8,22), (6,8,28), (6,12,48), (6,18,132), (6,24,34), (6,24,36), (6,42,72), (7,13,29), (7,19,23), (12,18,24), (12,18,30), (12,26,48), (13,15,21), (13,17,19), (13,33,39), (14,28,58), (15,45,51), (16,22,62), (18,22,24), (21,27,33), (21,27,57), (23,37,61), (24,54,66), (33,57,79), (38,48,66), (42,58,84), (46,92,118).
For more refinements of Lagrange's four-square theorem, see arXiv:1604.06723.

			a(3) = 1 since 3 = 1^2 + 1^2 + 0^2 + 1^2 with 1 > 0 and (1+3*1+13*0)*1*1*0 =0^2.
a(4) = 1 since 4 = 2^2 + 0^2 + 0^2 + 0^2 with 2 > 0, 0 = 0 and (2+3*0+13*0)*2*0*0 = 0^2.
a(7) = 1 since 7 = 2^2 + 1^2 + 1^2 + 1^2 with 2 > 0, 1 = 1 and
(2+3*1+13*1)*2*1*1 = 6^2.
a(39) = 1 since 39 = 2^2 + 3^2 + 1^2 + 5^2 with 2 > 0, 3 > 1 and (2+3*3+13*1)*2*3*1 = 12^2.
a(47) = 1 since 47 = 2^2 + 3^2 + 3^2 + 5^2 with 2 > 0, 3 = 3 and (2+3*3+13*3)*2*3*3 = 30^2.
a(95) = 1 since 95 = 2^2 + 3^2 + 1^2 + 9^2 with 2 > 0, 3 > 1 and (2+3*3+13*1)*2*3*1 = 12^2.
a(191) = 1 since 191 = 2^2 + 3^2 + 3^2 + 13^2 with 2 > 0, 3 = 3 and (2+3*3+13*3)*2*3*3 = 30^2.
a(239) = 1 since 239 = 2^2 + 3^2 + 1^2 + 15^2 with 2 > 0, 3 > 1 and (2+3*3+13*1)*2*3*1 = 12^2.
a(327) = 1 since 327 = 11^2 + 3^2 + 1^2 + 14^2 with 11 > 0, 3 > 1 and (11+3*3+13*1)*11*3*1 = 33^2.
a(439) = 1 since 439 = 10^2 + 5^2 + 5^2 + 17^2 with 10 > 0, 5 = 5 and (10+3*5+13*5)*10*5*5 = 150^2.
a(871) = 1 since 871 = 21^2 + 15^2 + 3^2 + 14^2 with 21 > 0, 15 > 3 and (21+3*15+13*3)*21*15*3 = 315^2.
a(1167) = 1 since 1167 = 22^2 + 11^2 + 11^2 + 21^2 with 22 > 0, 11 = 11 and (22+3*11+13*11)*22*11*11 = 726^2.
a(1199) = 1 since 1199 = 14^2 + 21^2 + 21^2 + 11^2 with 14 > 0, 21 = 21 and (14+3*21+13*21)*14*21*21 = 1470^2.
a(1367) = 1 since 1367 = 14^2 + 21^2 + 21^2 + 17^2 with 14 > 0, 21 = 21 and (14+3*21+13*21)*14*21*21 = 1470^2.
a(1487) = 1 since 1487 = 9^2 + 29^2 + 6^2 + 23^2 with 9 > 0, 29 > 6 and (9+3*29+13*6)*9*29*6 = 522^2.
a(1727) = 1 since 1727 = 2^2 + 21^2 + 21^2 + 29^2 with 2 > 0, 21 = 21 and (2+3*21+13*21)*2*21*21 = 546^2.
a(1751) = 1 since 1751 = 9^2 + 17^2 + 15^2 + 34^2 with 9 > 0, 17 > 15 and (9+3*17+13*15)*9*17*15 = 765^2.
a(2063) = 1 since 2063 = 18^2 + 19^2 + 3^2 + 37^2 with 18 > 0, 19 > 3 and (18+3*19+13*3)*18*19*3 = 342^2.
a(2351) = 1 since 2351 = 15^2 + 35^2 + 15^2 + 26^2 with 15 > 0, 35 > 15 and (15+3*35+13*15)*15*35*15 = 1575^2.
a(2471) = 1 since 2471 = 1^2 + 18^2 + 11^2 + 45^2 with 1 > 0, 18 > 11 and (1+3*18+13*11)*1*18*11 = 198^2.
a(4647) = 1 since 4647 = 10^2 + 45^2 + 29^2 + 41^2 with 10 > 0, 45 > 29 and (10+3*45+13*29)*10*45*29 = 2610^2.

Zhi-Wei Sun, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
Zhi-Wei Sun, Refining Lagrange's four-square theorem, arXiv:1604.06723 [math.GM], 2016.
Zhi-Wei Sun, Refine Lagrange's four-square theorem, a message to Number Theory List, April 26, 2016.

Cf. A000118, A000290, A262357, A268507, A269400, A271510, A271513, A271518, A271608, A271665, A271714, A271721, A271724, A271775, A271778, A271824, A272084, A272332, A272351.

SQ[n_]:=SQ[n]=IntegerQ[Sqrt[n]]
Do[r=0;Do[If[SQ[n-x^2-y^2-z^2]&&SQ[(x+3y+13z)x*y*z], r=r+1],{x,1,Sqrt[n]},{z,0,Sqrt[(n-x^2)/2]},{y,z,Sqrt[n-x^2-z^2]}];Print[n," ",r];Label[aa];Continue,{n,1,80}]

A272620 Number of ordered ways to write n as w^2 + x^2 + y^2 + z^2 with w + x + y - z a square, where w is an integer and x,y,z are nonnegative integers with |w| <= x >= y <= z < x + y.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 1, 4, 1, 1, 3, 3, 2, 3, 1, 7, 1, 2, 3, 2, 1, 3, 3, 7, 2, 3, 1, 7, 1, 1, 4, 5, 3, 2, 1, 9, 2, 5, 3, 6, 5, 3, 3, 7, 2, 2, 5, 6, 3, 3, 5, 9, 4, 4, 4, 9, 4, 4, 5, 6, 6, 1, 6, 12, 2, 2, 7, 4, 4, 6, 5, 11, 7, 3, 5, 9, 4, 5

Offset: 1

Zhi-Wei Sun, May 03 2016

nonn

Conjecture: a(n) > 0 for all n > 0.
In contrast, the author has proved that any natural number can be written as w^2 + x^2 + y^2 + z^2 with w,x,y,z integers such that x + y + z is a square. See arXiv:1604.06723.
Yu-Chen Sun and the author proved in arXiv:1605.03074 that any nonnegative integer can be written as w^2 + x^2 + y^2 + z^2 with w,x,y,z integers such that w + x + y + z is a square. - Zhi-Wei Sun, May 10 2016

			a(1) = 1 since 1 = 0^2 + 1^2 + 0^2 + 0^2 with 0 < 1 > 0 = 0 < 1 + 0 and 0 + 1 + 0 - 0 = 1^2.
a(2) = 1 since 2 = (-1)^2 + 1^2 + 0^2 + 0^2 with 1 = 1 > 0 = 0 < 1 + 0 and -1 + 1 + 0 - 0 = 0^2.
a(3) = 1 since 3 = 0^2 + 1^2 + 1^2 + 1^2 with 0 < 1 = 1 = 1 < 1 + 1 and 0 + 1 + 1 - 1 = 1^2.
a(4) = 1 since 4 = (-1)^2 + 1^2 + 1^2 + 1^2 with 1 = 1 = 1 = 1 < 1 + 1 and -1 + 1 + 1 - 1 = 0^2.
a(6) = 1 since 6 = (-1)^2 + 2^2 + 0^2 + 1^2 with 1 < 2 > 0 < 1 < 2 + 0 and -1 + 2 + 0 - 1 = 0^2.
a(7) = 1 since 7 = (-1)^2 + 2^2 + 1^2 + 1^2 with 1 < 2 > 1 = 1 < 2 + 1 and -1 + 2 + 1 - 1 = 1^2.
a(9) = 1 since 9 = 0^2 + 2^2 + 1^2 + 2^2 with 0 < 2 > 1 < 2 < 2 + 1 and 0 + 2 + 1 - 2 = 1^2.
a(11) = 1 since 11 = (-1)^2 + 3^2 + 0^2 + 1^2 with 1 < 3 > 0 < 1 < 3 + 0 and -1 + 3 + 0 - 1 = 1^2.
a(12) = 1 since 12 = 1^2 + 3^2 + 1^2 + 1^2 with 1 < 3 > 1 = 1 < 3 + 1 and 1 + 3 + 1 - 1 = 2^2.
a(17) = 1 since 17 = 0^2 + 2^2 + 2^2 + 3^2 with 0 < 2 = 2 < 3 < 2 + 2 and 0 + 2 + 2 - 3 = 1^2.
a(19) = 1 since 19 = 0^2 + 3^2 + 1^2 + 3^2 with 0 < 3 > 1 < 3 < 3 + 1 and 0 + 3 + 1 - 3 = 1^2.
a(23) = 1 since 23 = (-1)^2 + 3^2 + 2^2 + 3^2 with 1 < 3 > 2 < 3 < 3 + 2 and -1 + 3 + 2 - 3 = 1^2.
a(29) = 1 since 29 = 0^2 + 3^2 + 2^2 + 4^2 with 0 < 3 > 2 < 4 < 3 + 2 and 0 + 3 + 2 - 4 = 1^2.
a(31) = 1 since 31 = (-2)^2 + 3^2 + 3^2 + 3^2 with 2 < 3 = 3 = 3 < 3 + 3 and -2 + 3 + 3 - 3 = 1^2.
a(37) = 1 since 37 = (-1)^2 + 4^2 + 2^2 + 4^2 with 1 < 4 > 2 < 4 < 4 + 2 and -1 + 4 + 2 - 4 = 1^2.
a(92) = 1 since 92 = 3^2 + 5^2 + 3^2 + 7^2 with 3 < 5 > 3 < 7 < 5 + 3 and 3 + 5 + 3 - 7 = 2^2.
a(284) = 1 since 284 = 3^2 + 9^2 + 5^2 + 13^2 with 3 < 9 > 5 < 13 < 9 + 5 and 3 + 9 + 5 - 13 = 2^2.
a(572) = 1 since 572 = 3^2 + 11^2 + 9^2 + 19^2 with 3 < 11 > 9 < 19 < 11 + 9 and 3 + 11 + 9 - 19 = 2^2.

Zhi-Wei Sun, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
Yu-Chen Sun and Zhi-Wei Sun, Two refinements of Lagrange's four-square theorem, arXiv:1605.03074 [math.NT], 2016.
Zhi-Wei Sun, Refining Lagrange's four-square theorem, arXiv:1604.06723 [math.GM], 2016.
Zhi-Wei Sun, Refine Lagrange's four-square theorem, a message to Number Theory List, April 26, 2016.

Cf. A000118, A000290, A260625, A261876, A262357, A267121, A268507, A269400, A271510, A271513, A271518, A271608, A271665, A271714, A271721, A271724, A271775, A271778, A271824, A272084, A272332, A272351.

SQ[n_]:=SQ[n]=IntegerQ[Sqrt[n]]
Do[r=0;Do[If[Sqrt[n-x^2-y^2-z^2]<=x&&SQ[n-x^2-y^2-z^2]&&SQ[x+y-z+(-1)^k*Sqrt[n-x^2-y^2-z^2]],r=r+1],{y,0,Sqrt[n/3]},{x,y,Sqrt[n-y^2]},{z,y,Min[x+y-1,Sqrt[n-x^2-y^2]]},{k,0,Min[1,Sqrt[n-x^2-y^2-z^2]]}];Print[n," ",r];Continue,{n,1,80}]

Rick L. Shepherd, May 27 2016: I checked all the statements in each example.

A261876 Number of ordered ways to write n as x^2 + y^2 + z^2 + w^2 with (5x^2+7y^2+9z^2)y*z a square, where x,y,z,w are nonnegative integers with z > 0.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 3, 2, 1, 4, 5, 1, 3, 5, 5, 4, 2, 4, 7, 2, 1, 9, 9, 4, 4, 7, 5, 1, 5, 6, 12, 7, 1, 10, 9, 2, 3, 10, 9, 7, 5, 4, 11, 3, 5, 14, 10, 4, 4, 10, 9, 3, 2, 8, 17, 10, 4, 11, 18, 6, 7, 9, 6, 11, 2, 10, 15, 4, 1, 15, 17, 4, 9, 13, 10

Offset: 1

Zhi-Wei Sun, May 01 2016

nonn

Conjecture: (i) a(n) > 0 for all n > 0, and a(n) = 1 only for n = 4^k*m (k = 0,1,2,... and m = 1, 7, 23, 647, 863).
(ii) For each triple (a,b,c) = (1,8,20), (3,5,15), (6,14,4), (7,29,5), (18,38,18), (39,81,51), (42,98,14), any natural number can be written as x^2 + y^2 + z^2 + w^2 with x,y,z,w nonnegative integers such that x*y*(a*x^2+b*y^2+c*z^2) is a square.
For more refinements of Lagrange's four-square theorem, see arXiv:1604.06723.

			a(4) = 1 since 4 = 0^2 + 0^2 + 2^2 + 0^2 with 2 > 0 and (5*0^2+7*0^2+9*2^2)*0*2 = 0^2.
a(7) = 1 since 7 = 2^2 + 1^2 + 1^2 + 1^2 with 1 > 0 and (5*2^2+7*1^2+9*1^2)*1*1 = 6^2.
a(23) = 1 since 23 = 2^2 + 1^2 + 3^2 + 3^2 with 3 > 0 and (5*2^2+7*1^2+9*3^2)*1*3 = 18^2.
a(647) = 1 since 647 = 13^2 + 1^2 + 6^2 + 21^2 with 6 > 0 and (5*13^2+7*1^2+9*6^2)*1*6 = 84^2.
a(863) = 1 since 863 = 1^2 + 23^2 + 18^2 + 3^2 with 18 > 0 and (5*1^2+7*23^2+9*18^2)*23*18 = 1656^2.

Zhi-Wei Sun, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
Zhi-Wei Sun, Refining Lagrange's four-square theorem, arXiv:1604.06723 [math.GM], 2016.
Zhi-Wei Sun, Refine Lagrange's four-square theorem, a message to Number Theory List, April 26, 2016.

Cf. A000118, A000290, A260625, A262357, A267121, A268507, A269400, A271510, A271513, A271518, A271608, A271665, A271714, A271721, A271724, A271775, A271778, A271824, A272084, A272332, A272351.

SQ[n_]:=SQ[n]=IntegerQ[Sqrt[n]]
Do[r=0;Do[If[SQ[n-x^2-y^2-z^2]&&SQ[y*z(5x^2+7y^2+9z^2)],r=r+1],{x,0,Sqrt[n-1]},{y,0,Sqrt[n-1-x^2]},{z,1,Sqrt[n-x^2-y^2]}];Print[n," ",r];Continue,{n,1,70}]

A267121 Number of ordered ways to write n as x^2 + y^2 + z^2 + w^2 with xyz(x+9y+11z+10w) a square, where x is a positive integer and y,z,w are nonnegative integers.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 3, 2, 1, 6, 7, 1, 3, 7, 7, 6, 2, 6, 12, 1, 1, 12, 10, 7, 6, 13, 7, 2, 7, 8, 19, 8, 1, 18, 12, 2, 3, 14, 15, 13, 7, 7, 18, 1, 7, 25, 14, 6, 6, 19, 13, 2, 2, 14, 22, 12, 6, 18, 27, 4, 12, 13, 9, 19, 1, 18, 25, 5, 1, 24, 26, 6, 12, 26, 14, 2, 10, 16, 31, 16, 7, 24, 13, 4, 6

Offset: 1

Zhi-Wei Sun, May 01 2016

nonn

Conjecture: (i) a(n) > 0 for all n > 0, and a(n) = 1 only for n = 4^k*m (k = 0,1,2,... and m = 1, 7, 15, 39, 119, 127, 159, 239, 359, 391, 527, 543, 863, 5791).
(ii) Any positive integer can be written as x^2 + y^2 + z^2 + w^2 with 2*x*y*(x+2y+z+2w) (or 2*x*y*(x+6y+z+2w), or x*y*(x+11y+z+2w)) a square, where x,y,z,w are nonnegative integers with z > 0 (or w > 0).
(iii) Any natural number can be written as w^2 + x^2 + y^2 + z^2 with w,x,y,z nonnegative integers such that w*(a*w+b*x+c*y+d*z) is a square, provided that (a,b,c,d) is among the following quadruples (1,1,2,3), (1,1,4,5), (1,1,6,9), (1,2,6,34), (1,3,6,m) (m = 12, 21, 27, 36), (1,3,9,18), (1,3,9,36), (1,3,18,27), (1,3,24,117), (1,3,90,99), (1,6,6,18), (1,6,6,30), (1,8,16,24).
For more refinements of Lagrange's four-square theorem, see arXiv:1604.06723.

			a(4) = 1 since 4 = 2^2 + 0^2 + 0^2 + 0^2 with 2 > 0 and 2*0*0*(2+9*0+11*0+10*0) = 0^2.
a(7) = 1 since 7 = 2^2 + 1^2 + 1^2 + 1^2 with 2 > 0 and 2*1*1*(2+9*1+11*1+10*1) = 8^2.
a(15) = 1 since 15 = 2^2 + 1^2 + 3^2 + 1^2 with 2 > 0 and 2*1*3*(2+9*1+11*3+10*1) = 18^2.
a(39) = 1 since 39 = 1^2 + 1^2 + 1^2 + 6^2 with 1 > 0 and 1*1*1*(1+9*1+11*1+10*6) = 9^2.
a(119) = 1 since 119 = 1^2 + 1^2 + 9^2 + 6^2 with 1 > 0 and 1*1*9*(1+9*1+11*9+10*6) = 39^2.
a(127) = 1 since 127 = 5^2 + 1^2 + 1^2 + 10^2 with 5 > 0 and 5*1*1*(5+9*1+11*1+10*10) = 25^2.
a(159) = 1 since 159 = 3^2 + 1^2 + 7^2 + 10^2 with 3 > 0 and 3*1*7*(3+9*1+11*7+10*10) = 63^2.
a(239) = 1 since 239 = 3^2 + 3^2 + 10^2 + 11^2 with 3 > 0 and 3*3*10*(3+9*3+11*10+10*11) = 150^2.
a(359) = 1 since 359 = 9^2 + 11^2 + 11^2 + 6^2 with 9 > 0 and 9*11*11*(9+9*11+11*11+10*6) = 561^2.
a(391) = 1 since 391 = 19^2 + 5^2 + 1^2 + 2^2 with 19 > 0 and 19*5*1*(19+9*5+11*1+10*2) = 95^2.
a(527) = 1 since 527 = 21^2 + 6^2 + 7^2 + 1^2 with 21 > 0 and 21*6*7*(21+9*6+11*7+10*1) = 378^2.
a(543) = 1 since 543 = 15^2 + 13^2 + 10^2 + 7^2 with 15 > 0 and 15*13*10*(15+9*13+11*10+10*7) = 780^2.
a(863) = 1 since 863 = 9^2 + 9^2 + 5^2 + 26^2 with 9 > 0 and 9*9*5*(9+9*9+11*5+10*26) = 405^2.
a(5791) = 1 since 5791 = 57^2 + 38^2 + 33^2 + 3^2 with 57 > 0 and 57*38*33*(57+9*38+11*33+10*3) = 7524^2.

Zhi-Wei Sun, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
Zhi-Wei Sun, Refining Lagrange's four-square theorem, arXiv:1604.06723 [math.GM], 2016.
Zhi-Wei Sun, Refine Lagrange's four-square theorem, a message to Number Theory List, April 26, 2016.

Cf. A000118, A000290, A260625, A261876, A262357, A268507, A269400, A271510, A271513, A271518, A271608, A271665, A271714, A271721, A271724, A271775, A271778, A271824, A272084, A272332, A272351.

SQ[n_]:=SQ[n]=IntegerQ[Sqrt[n]]
Do[r=0;Do[If[SQ[n-x^2-y^2-z^2]&&SQ[x*y*z(x+9y+11z+10*Sqrt[n-x^2-y^2-z^2])],r=r+1],{x,1,Sqrt[n]},{y,0,Sqrt[n-x^2]},{z,0,Sqrt[n-x^2-y^2]}];Print[n," ",r];Continue,{n,1,80}]

A268197 Number of ordered ways to write n as w^2 + x^2 + y^2 + z^2 with w(25w + 24x + 48y + 96*z) a square, where w is a positive integer and x,y,z are nonnegative integers.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 2, 3, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 1, 1, 4, 5, 2, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 2, 4, 8, 3, 4, 4, 1, 2, 5, 1, 5, 4, 2, 7, 3, 2, 6, 7, 1, 4, 7, 7, 3, 3, 8, 5, 4, 5, 6, 6, 1, 3, 8, 3, 6, 3, 2, 8, 5, 1, 5, 6, 5, 7, 6, 6

Offset: 1

Zhi-Wei Sun, May 04 2016

nonn

Conjecture: (i) a(n) > 0 for all n > 0, and a(n) = 1 only for n = 3, 7, 15, 23, 43, 55, 463, 4^k*m (k = 0,1,2,... and m = 1, 31, 34).
(ii) For each triple (a,b,c) = (1,3,4), (2,3,4), (2,4,6), any positive integer can be written as w^2 + x^2 + y^2 + z^2 with w*(25*w + 24*(a*x+b*y+c*z)) a square, where w is a positive integer and x,y,z are nonnegative integers.
For more refinements of Lagrange's four-square theorem, see arXiv:1604.06723.

			a(1) = 1 since 1 = 1^2 + 0^2 + 0^2 + 0^2 with 1 > 0 and 1*(25*1 + 24*0 + 48*0 + 96*0) = 5^2.
a(2) = 2 since 2 = 1^2 + 0^2 + 0^2 + 1^2 with 1 > 0 and 1*(25*1 + 24*0 + 48*0 + 96*1) = 11^2, and also 2 = 1^2 + 1^2 + 0^2 + 0^2 with 1 > 0 and 1*(25*1 + 24*1 + 48*0 + 96*0) = 7^2.
a(3) = 1 since 3 = 1^2 + 0^2 + 1^2 + 1^2 with 1 > 0 and 1*(25*1 + 24*0 + 48*1 + 96*1) = 13^2.
a(7) = 1 since 7 = 1^2 + 1^2 + 1^2 + 2^2 with 1 > 0 and 1*(25*1 + 24*1 + 48*1 + 96*2) = 17^2.
a(15) = 1 since 15 = 1^2 + 3^2 + 2^2 + 1^2 with 1 > 0 and 1*(25*1 + 24*3 + 48*2 + 96*1) = 17^2.
a(23) = 1 since 23 = 3^2 + 2^2 + 3^2 + 1^2 with 3 > 0 and 3*(25*3 + 24*2 + 48*3 + 96*1) = 33^2.
a(31) = 1 since 31 = 1^2 + 1^2 + 2^2 + 5^2 with 1 > 0 and 1*(25*1 + 24*1 + 48*2 + 96*5) = 25^2.
a(34) = 1 since 34 = 1^2 + 1^2 + 4^2 + 4^2 with 1 > 0 and 1*(25*1 + 24*1 + 48*4 + 96*4) = 25^2.
a(43) = 1 since 43 = 3^2 + 3^2 + 3^2 + 4^2 with 3 > 0 and 3*(25*3 + 24*3 + 48*3 + 96*4) = 45^2.
a(55) = 1 since 55 = 3^2 + 1^2 + 6^2 + 3^2 with 3 > 0 and 3*(25*3 + 24*1 + 48*6 + 96*3) = 45^2.
a(463) = 1 since 463 = 3^2 + 18^2 + 11^2 + 3^2 with 3 > 0 and 3*(25*3 + 24*18 + 48*11 + 96*3) = 63^2.

Zhi-Wei Sun, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
Zhi-Wei Sun, Refining Lagrange's four-square theorem, arXiv:1604.06723 [math.GM], 2016.
Zhi-Wei Sun, Refine Lagrange's four-square theorem, a message to Number Theory List, April 26, 2016.

Cf. A000118, A000290, A260625, A261876, A262357, A267121, A268507, A269400, A271510, A271513, A271518, A271608, A271665, A271714, A271721, A271724, A271775, A271778, A271824, A272084, A272332, A272351, A272620.

SQ[n_]:=SQ[n]=IntegerQ[Sqrt[n]]
Do[r=0;Do[If[SQ[n-x^2-y^2-z^2]&&SQ[25x^2+24x(y+2z+4*Sqrt[n-x^2-y^2-z^2])],r=r+1],{x,1,Sqrt[n]},{y,0,Sqrt[n-x^2]},{z,0,Sqrt[n-x^2-y^2]}];Print[n," ",r];Continue,{n,1,70}]

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A262357 Number of ordered ways to write n as w^2 + x^2 + y^2 + z^2 with w^2*x^2 + 5*x^2*y^2 + 80*y^2*z^2 + 20*z^2*w^2 a square, where w is a positive integer and x,y,z are nonnegative integers.

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A268507 Number of ordered ways to write n as w^2 + x^2 + y^2 + z^2 with w > 0, w >= x <= y <= z such that x^2*y^2 + y^2*z^2 + z^2*x^2 is a square, where w,x,y,z are nonnegative integers.

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A272084 Number of ordered ways to write n as x^2 + y^2 + z^2 + w^2 with 4*x^2 + 5*y^2 + 20*z*w a square, where x,y,z,w are nonnegative integers with z < w.

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A272332 Number of ordered ways to write n as w^2 + x^2 + y^2 + z^2 with 36*x^2*y + 12*y^2*z + z^2*x a square, where w is a positive integer and x,y,z are nonnegative integers.

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A272351 Number of ordered ways to write n as w^2 + x^2 + y^2 + z^2 with x^4 + 8*y*z*(y^2+z^2) a fourth power, where w,x,y,z are nonnegative integers with w >= x and y > z.

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A260625 Number of ordered ways to write n as x^2 + y^2 + z^2 + w^2 with (x+3*y+13*z)*x*y*z a square, where x is a positive integer, and y,z,w are nonnegative integers with y >= z.

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A272620 Number of ordered ways to write n as w^2 + x^2 + y^2 + z^2 with w + x + y - z a square, where w is an integer and x,y,z are nonnegative integers with |w| <= x >= y <= z < x + y.

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A261876 Number of ordered ways to write n as x^2 + y^2 + z^2 + w^2 with (5*x^2+7*y^2+9*z^2)*y*z a square, where x,y,z,w are nonnegative integers with z > 0.

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A262357 Number of ordered ways to write n as w^2 + x^2 + y^2 + z^2 with w^2x^2 + 5x^2y^2 + 80y^2z^2 + 20z^2*w^2 a square, where w is a positive integer and x,y,z are nonnegative integers.

A268507 Number of ordered ways to write n as w^2 + x^2 + y^2 + z^2 with w > 0, w >= x <= y <= z such that x^2y^2 + y^2z^2 + z^2*x^2 is a square, where w,x,y,z are nonnegative integers.

A272084 Number of ordered ways to write n as x^2 + y^2 + z^2 + w^2 with 4x^2 + 5y^2 + 20zw a square, where x,y,z,w are nonnegative integers with z < w.

A272332 Number of ordered ways to write n as w^2 + x^2 + y^2 + z^2 with 36x^2y + 12y^2z + z^2*x a square, where w is a positive integer and x,y,z are nonnegative integers.

A272351 Number of ordered ways to write n as w^2 + x^2 + y^2 + z^2 with x^4 + 8yz*(y^2+z^2) a fourth power, where w,x,y,z are nonnegative integers with w >= x and y > z.

A260625 Number of ordered ways to write n as x^2 + y^2 + z^2 + w^2 with (x+3y+13z)xy*z a square, where x is a positive integer, and y,z,w are nonnegative integers with y >= z.

A261876 Number of ordered ways to write n as x^2 + y^2 + z^2 + w^2 with (5x^2+7y^2+9z^2)y*z a square, where x,y,z,w are nonnegative integers with z > 0.

A267121 Number of ordered ways to write n as x^2 + y^2 + z^2 + w^2 with xyz(x+9y+11z+10w) a square, where x is a positive integer and y,z,w are nonnegative integers.

A268197 Number of ordered ways to write n as w^2 + x^2 + y^2 + z^2 with w(25w + 24x + 48y + 96*z) a square, where w is a positive integer and x,y,z are nonnegative integers.