A286016 Signed continued fraction expansion with all signs negative of tanh(1).

1, 5, 2, 2, 2, 2, 9, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 13, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 17, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 21, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 25, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2

Offset: 1

Author

Kutlwano Loeto, Apr 30 2017

Keywords

• nonn
• cofr

Comments

For any given sequence of signs (e_1, e_2, ..., e_n, ...) one may define the signed continued fraction expansion of a real number x by using floor or ceiling in the step i according to e_i = +1 or e_i = -1. In the present case for the sequence (-1, -1, -1, -1, ...) consisting of only negative signs the ceiling is taken at each step, and the formulas with x_0 = x are a_n = ceiling(x_n) and x_{n+1} = 1/(a_n - x_n). See chapter 1 and 2 of the book by Perron.

Examples

			a(2) = 5, a(3) = a(4) = a(5) = a(6) = 2, a(7) = 9, etc. These numbers are obtained from the partial quotients xj as follows:
x2 =  (1 +  e^2)/( 2 + 0e^2) ~4.17 so that a(2)=ceiling(x2)=5;
x3 =  (2 + 0e^2)/( 9 - e^2)  ~1.21 so that a(3)=ceiling(x3)=2;
x4 =  (9 -  e^2)/(16 - 2e^2) ~1.31 so that a(4)=ceiling(x4)=2;
x5 = (16 - 2e^2)/(23 - 3e^2) ~1.46 so that a(5)=ceiling(x5)=2;
x6 = (23 - 3e^2)/(30 - 4e^2) ~1.87 so that a(6)=ceiling(x6)=2;
x7 = (30 - 4e^2)/(37 - 5e^2) ~8.11 so that a(7)=ceiling(x7)=9.
The pairs of integers appearing in the xj's are obtained as the principal or as every other of the non-principal approximating fractions of e^2 in the sense of the A. Hurwitz reference.
		

Links

• Adolf Hurwitz, Über die Kettenbrüche, deren Teilnenner arithmetische Reihen bilden, Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Zürich, Jahrg. 41 (1896), Jubelband 2, 34-64. Reprinted in Hurwitz's Mathematische Werke.
• Oskar Perron, Die Lehre von den Kettenbrüchen, Teubner, Leipzig, 1930.

Crossrefs

Cf. A004273 (continued fraction of tanh(1)), A280135, A280136.

Programs

Maple

x:=(exp(1)-exp(-1))/(exp(1)+exp(-1)):b:=ceil(x): x1:=1/(b-x):L:=[b]:
for k from 0 to 40 do:
b1:=ceil(x1): x1:=1/(b1-x1): L:=[op(L),b1]: od: print(L);

Formula

Using an obvious condensed notation we get for the sequence 1, 5, 2^(4), 9, 2^(8), 13, 2^(12), 17, 2^(16), 21, 2^(20), ... where 2^(m) means m copies of 2.

Extensions

More terms from Jinyuan Wang, Jul 02 2022