A321031 -id:A321031 - cp's OEIS frontend

A256311 Number T(n,k) of length 3n words such that all letters of the k-ary alphabet occur at least once and are introduced in ascending order and which can be built by repeatedly inserting triples of identical letters into the initially empty word; triangle T(n,k), n>=0, 0<=k<=n, read by rows.

1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 3, 0, 1, 18, 12, 0, 1, 97, 198, 55, 0, 1, 530, 2520, 1820, 273, 0, 1, 2973, 29886, 42228, 15300, 1428, 0, 1, 17059, 347907, 859180, 564585, 122094, 7752, 0, 1, 99657, 4048966, 16482191, 17493938, 6577494, 942172, 43263

Offset: 0

Alois P. Heinz, Mar 25 2015

			T(0,0) = 1: (the empty word).
T(1,1) = 1: aaa.
T(2,1) = 1: aaaaaa.
T(2,2) = 3: aaabbb, aabbba, abbbaa.
T(3,1) = 1: aaaaaaaaa.
T(3,2) = 18: aaaaaabbb, aaaaabbba, aaaabbbaa, aaabaaabb, aaabbaaab, aaabbbaaa, aaabbbbbb, aabaaabba, aabbaaaba, aabbbaaaa, aabbbabbb, aabbbbbba, abaaabbaa, abbaaabaa, abbbaaaaa, abbbaabbb, abbbabbba, abbbbbbaa.
T(3,3) = 12: aaabbbccc, aaabbcccb, aaabcccbb, aabbbaccc, aabbbccca, aabbcccba, aabcccbba, abbbaaccc, abbbaccca, abbbcccaa, abbcccbaa, abcccbbaa.
Triangle T(n,k) begins:
  1;
  0, 1;
  0, 1,     3;
  0, 1,    18,     12;
  0, 1,    97,    198,     55;
  0, 1,   530,   2520,   1820,    273;
  0, 1,  2973,  29886,  42228,  15300,   1428;
  0, 1, 17059, 347907, 859180, 564585, 122094, 7752;

Alois P. Heinz, Rows n = 0..140, flattened

Columns k=0-10 give: A000007, A057427, A321032, A321033, A321034, A321035, A321036, A321037, A321038, A321039, A321040.
Row sums give A321031.
Main diagonal gives A001764.
T(2n,n) gives A321041.
Cf. A256117, A213028.

A:= (n, k)-> `if`(n=0, 1,
    k/n *add(binomial(3*n, j) *(n-j) *(k-1)^j, j=0..n-1)):
T:= (n, k)-> add((-1)^i*A(n, k-i)/(i!*(k-i)!), i=0..k):
seq(seq(T(n, k), k=0..n), n=0..10);

T(n,k) = Sum_{i=0..k} (-1)^i * A213028(n,k-i) / (i!*(k-i)!).

A258498 Number of words of length 2n such that the index set of occurring letters is {1, 2, ..., k}, all letters are introduced in ascending order, and the words can be built by repeatedly inserting doublets into the initially empty word.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 3, 15, 105, 933, 9988, 124449, 1761287, 27813479, 483482018, 9153385959, 187129080977, 4102129113670, 95861136747795, 2376234441556411, 62216635372018209, 1714347701138957189, 49553280367466054768, 1498300016807379304877, 47270249397381096576643

Offset: 0

Alois P. Heinz, May 31 2015

nonn

			a(3) = 15: aaaaaa, aaaabb, aaabba, aabaab, aabbaa, aabbbb, abaaba, abbaaa, abbabb, abbbba, aabbcc, aabccb, abbacc, abbcca, abccba.

Alois P. Heinz, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..447

Row sums of A256117.

Cf. A294603, A321031.

A:= proc(n, k) option remember; `if`(n=0, 1, k/n*
      add(binomial(2*n, j)*(n-j)*(k-1)^j, j=0..n-1))
    end:
T:= (n, k)-> add((-1)^i*A(n, k-i)/(i!*(k-i)!), i=0..k):
a:= n-> add(T(n, k), k=0..n):
seq(a(n), n=0..25);

A[n_, k_] := A[n, k] = If[n == 0, 1, k/n*Sum[Binomial[2*n, j]*(n - j)*If[j == 0, 1, (k - 1)^j], {j, 0, n - 1}]];
T[n_, k_] := Sum[(-1)^i*A[n, k - i]/(i!*(k - i)!), {i, 0, k}];
a[n_] := Sum[T[n, k], {k, 0, n}];
a /@ Range[0, 25] (* Jean-François Alcover, Jan 01 2021, after Alois P. Heinz *)

a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} A256117(n,k).

a(n) ~ Bell(n-1)*Catalan(n) ~ n^n * exp(n/LambertW(n)-1-n) * 4^n / (sqrt(Pi) * sqrt(1+LambertW(n)) * LambertW(n)^(n-1) * n^(5/2)). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Jun 02 2015

cp's OEIS Frontend

A256311 Number T(n,k) of length 3n words such that all letters of the k-ary alphabet occur at least once and are introduced in ascending order and which can be built by repeatedly inserting triples of identical letters into the initially empty word; triangle T(n,k), n>=0, 0<=k<=n, read by rows.

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