cp's OEIS Frontend

This sequence indexes the smallest number m = A334769(k) that, when expressed in binary b(k), generates a rotationally symmetrical XOR-triangle (RST) that features a central zero-triangle (CZT) with frame width n.

A "frame width" is the number of iterations j required to generate the first run of zeros in a CZT of an RST.

Let L = A070939(m) for m in A334769. For RSTs, j > 1, since a solid run of L 1s given a recursive XOR function applied to each pair of adjacent bits, would give rise to a solid run of (L - 1) zeros in the next iteration, and every iteration thereafter consists of zeros. Therefore m = (2(L - 1) - 1) is not rotationally symmetrical except when L = 1.

Sequence A334556 lists numbers m that produce RSTs; A334769 those RSTs that feature CZTs. Sequence A334796 renders the frame widths j for numbers in A334769.

For n = 7, A070939(a(n)) > 3(7) + 1 = 22, but is likely much larger, given a(6). a(7) is likely a number with more than 40 bits.

An XOR-triangle T(m) is an inverted 0-1 triangle formed by choosing as top row the binary rendition of n and having each entry in subsequent rows be the XOR of the two values above it, i.e., A038554(n) applied recursively until we reach a single bit.

A334556 is the sequence of rotationally symmetrical T(m) (here abbreviated RST).

A central zero-triangle (CZT) is a field of contiguous 0-bits in T(m) surrounded on all sides by a layer of 1 bits, and generally k > 1 bits of any parity. Alternatively, these might be referred to as "central bubbles".

An XOR-triangle T(n) is an inverted 0-1 triangle formed by choosing a top row the binary rendition of n and having each entry in subsequent rows be the XOR of the two values above it, i.e., A038554(n) applied recursively until we reach a single bit.

A334556 is the sequence of rotationally symmetrical T(n).

A central zero-triangle (CZT) is a field of contiguous 0-bits in T(n) surrounded on all sides by a layer of 1 bits, and generally k > 1 bits of any parity. Alternatively, these might be referred to as "central bubbles".

An XOR-triangle T(m) is an inverted 0-1 triangle formed by choosing a top row the binary rendition b(m) of m and having each entry in subsequent rows be the XOR of the two values above it, i.e., A038554(n) applied recursively until we reach a single bit. We may plot T(m) as an equilateral triangle, since each iteration decrements the binary integer length L of the output until we have L = 1.

The XOR function used here requires two inputs; if the inputs agree, the output is 0, else 1.

A rotationally-symmetrical XOR-triangle (RST) is one whose appearance is the same when rotated 120 degrees.

A zero triangle of side length k arises when we have a run of (k + 1) 1s in the preceding iteration.

This sequence contains m that produce T(m) with a recordsetting side length of its largest zero-triangle. For 1 < n < 3, T(a(n)) only has eccentric zero triangles. T(a(4)) has a singleton zero at center, thus a central zero triangle (CZT) of k = 1. For n > 4, all T(a(n)) have CZTs.

The number 543 = A281482(4); we observe that A281482(2^i) produces RSTs, and only for 0 <= i <= 2 do we have eccentric zero triangles larger than any possible CZT. For A281482(2^3) = 131583, the side length of its eccentric zero triangles prove much smaller than the largest possible CZT.

Since this sequence wants to maximize the side length k of the largest triangle, we see that the largest triangle possible is the CZT. Let j be the "frame width" or number of iterations required to generate the first run of 0s in the CZT. We note j >= 2, since j = 1 requires a run of (k + 1) ones delimited by at least 1 zero; such a width implies that these zeros occur at the beginning and end of b(m). However, beginning binary notation with a leading zero is not permitted. Therefore, if it is possible, we will see T(m) with j > 1.

The numbers that produce record-setting m are the smaller of the binary reverse of m, therefore binary weight favors the least significant digits. Thus we see a 1 followed by a number of zeros in a "prefix" A that, along with a suffix C, must have the same number of bits.

For RSTs with a CZT, we have only one way to produce a solid run of (k + 1) zeros, that is, by dithering bits, which necessitates paired 0 and 1, therefore, we have even k for n > 4.

A run-length formula for a(n) with n > 4 is 12..i(11)..3, meaning that we have 1 one, 2 zeros, any number i of paired 1-0 bits, and a run of 3 ones. Aside from the reversal of this pattern, which puts a greater binary weight in the most significant 3 bits, there is no other way to construct a smaller (or any) CZT with frame size j = 2.

This equates to linear recurrence kernel (5, -4) starting with {2391, 9559} (though 39 is part of the same trajectory).