cp's OEIS Frontend

This is a front-end for the Online Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, made by Christian Perfect. The idea is to provide OEIS entries in non-ancient HTML, and then to think about how they're presented visually. The source code is on GitHub.

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A373339 Number of permutations in symmetric group S_n with an even number of cycles of length 2 or more.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 1, 4, 36, 296, 2360, 19776, 180544, 1812352, 19953792, 239490560, 3113487872, 43589096448, 653837077504, 10461394714624, 177843713556480, 3201186851815424, 60822550202187776, 1216451004083601408, 25545471085844758528, 562000363888782868480
Offset: 0

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Examples

			a(1)=a(2)=a(3)=1 due to S_1,S_2,S_3 containing 1 permutation with an even number of non-fixed point cycles: the identity permutation, with 0 non-fixed point cycles.
a(4)=4 due to S_4 containing 4 permutations with an even number of non-fixed point cycles: the 3 (2,2)-cycles (12)(34),(13)(24),(14)(23); and the identity permutation (1)(2)(3)(4).
		

Crossrefs

Cf. A373340 (odd case), A000142, A001710, A036289.
Row sums of triangle A373417.

Programs

  • PARI
    a(n) = n!/2 - (n-2)*2^(n-2); \\ Michel Marcus, Jun 05 2024

Formula

a(n) = n!/2 - (n-2)*2^(n-2) = A001710(n) - A036289(n-2).
a(n) = A000142(n) - A373340(n).
E.g.f.: (1/(1 - x) + exp(2*x)*(1 - x))/2. - Stefano Spezia, Jun 05 2024

A373418 Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) is the number of permutations in symmetric group S_n with (n-k) fixed points and an odd number of non-fixed point cycles. Equivalent to the number of cycles of n items with cycle type defined by non-unity partitions of k <= n that contain an odd number of parts.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 3, 2, 0, 0, 6, 8, 6, 0, 0, 10, 20, 30, 24, 0, 0, 15, 40, 90, 144, 135, 0, 0, 21, 70, 210, 504, 945, 930, 0, 0, 28, 112, 420, 1344, 3780, 7440, 7420, 0, 0, 36, 168, 756, 3024, 11340, 33480, 66780, 66752, 0, 0, 45, 240, 1260, 6048, 28350, 111600, 333900, 667520, 667485
Offset: 0

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a(n) + A343417(n) = A098825(n) = partial derangement "rencontres" triangle.
a(n) - A343417(n) = (k-1) * binomial(n,k) = A127717(n-1,k-1).
Difference of 2nd and 1st leading diagonals (n > 0):
T(n,n-1) - T(n,n) = 0,-1,1,2,6,9,15,20,28,35,45,54,...
= (0-1) + (2+1) + (4+3) + (6+5) + (8+7) + (10+9) + ...
Cf. A084265(n) with 2 terms 0,-1 prepended (moving its offset from 0 to -2).

Examples

			Triangle begins:
   n: {k<=n}
   0: {0}
   1: {0, 0}
   2: {0, 0,  1}
   3: {0, 0,  3,   2}
   4: {0, 0,  6,   8,    6}
   5: {0, 0, 10,  20,   30,   24}
   6: {0, 0, 15,  40,   90,  144,   135}
   7: {0, 0, 21,  70,  210,  504,   945,    930}
   8: {0, 0, 28, 112,  420, 1344,  3780,   7440,   7420}
   9: {0, 0, 36, 168,  756, 3024, 11340,  33480,  66780,  66752}
  10: {0, 0, 45, 240, 1260, 6048, 28350, 111600, 333900, 667520, 667485}
T(n,0) = 0 because the sole permutation in S_n with n fixed points, namely the identity permutation, has 0 non-fixed point cycles, not an odd number.
T(n,1) = 0 because there are no permutations in S_n with (n-1) fixed points.
Example:
T(3,3) = 2 since S_3 contains 3 permutations with 0 fixed points and an odd number of non-fixed point cycles, namely the derangements (123) and (132).
Worked Example:
T(7,6) = 945 permutations in S_7 with 1 fixed point and an odd number of non-fixed point cycles;
T(7,6) = 945 possible 6- and (2,2,2)-cycles of 7 items.
N(n,y) = possible y-cycles of n items;
N(n,y) = (n!/(n-k)!) / (M(y) * s(y)).
y = partition of k<=n with q parts = (p_1, p_2, ..., p_i, ..., p_q) such that k = Sum_{i=1..q} p_i.
Or:
y = partition of k<=n with d distinct parts, each with multiplicity m_j = (y_1^m_1, y_2^m_2, ..., y_j^m_j, ..., y_d^m_d) such that k = Sum_{j=1..d} m_j*y_j.
M(y) = Product_{i=1..q} p_i = Product_{j=1..d} y_j^m_j.
s(y) = Product_{j=1..d} m_j! ("symmetry of repeated parts").
Note: (n!/(n-k)!) / s(y) = multinomial(n, {m_j}).
Therefore:
T(7,6) = N(7,y=(6)) + N(7,y=(2^3))
       = (7!/6) + (7!/(2^3)/3!)
       = 7! * (1/6 + 1/48)
       = 5040 * (3/16);
T(7,6) = 945.
		

Crossrefs

Cf. A373417 (even case), A373340 (row sums), A216779 (main diagonal).

Programs

  • Maple
    b:= proc(n, t) option remember; `if`(n=0, t, add(expand(`if`(j>1, x^j, 1)*
          b(n-j, irem(t+signum(j-1), 2)))*binomial(n-1, j-1)*(j-1)!, j=1..n))
        end:
    T:= n-> (p-> seq(coeff(p, x, i), i=0..n))(b(n, 0)):
    seq(T(n), n=0..10);
  • Mathematica
    Table[Table[n!/(n-k)!/2 * (Sum[(-1)^j/j!, {j, 0, k}] - ((k - 1)/k!)),{k,1,n}], {n,1,10}]

Formula

T(n,k) = (n!/(n-k)!/2) * ((Sum_{j=0..k} (-1)^j/j!) + (k-1)/k!). Cf. Sum_{j=0..k} (-1)^j/j! = A053557(k) / A053556(k).
Showing 1-2 of 2 results.