A047700 -id:A047700 - cp's OEIS frontend

A360530 a(n) is the smallest positive integer k such that n can be expressed as the arithmetic mean of k nonzero squares.

1, 3, 3, 1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 1, 2, 3, 3, 2, 3, 3, 1, 2, 3, 3, 2, 4, 3, 3, 3, 1, 2, 3, 3, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 3, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 2, 3, 3, 3, 1, 2, 3, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 3, 3, 2, 3, 3, 1, 2, 3, 3, 2, 4, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 3, 3, 2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 2, 3, 3

Offset: 1

Yifan Xie, Apr 05 2023

a(n) is the smallest number k such that n*k can be expressed as the sum of k nonzero squares.

			For n = 2, if k = 1, 2*1 = 2 is a nonsquare; if k = 2, 2*2 = 4 cannot be expressed as the sum of 2 nonzero squares; if k = 3, 2*3 = 6 = 2^2+1^2+1^2, so a(2) = 3.

J. H. Conway, The Sensual (Quadratic) Form, M.A.A., 1997, p. 140.

Yifan Xie, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
Wikipedia, Lagrange's four-square theorem
Index entries for sequences related to sums of squares

Cf. A000290, A000378, A000404, A000408, A000414, A000534, A047700.

Cf. A362068 (allows zeros), A362110 (distinct).

findsquare(k, m) = if(k == 1, issquare(m), for(j=1, m, if(j*j+k > m, return(0), if(findsquare(k-1, m-j*j), return(1)))));
a(n) = for(t = 1, n+1, if(findsquare(t, n*t), return(t)));

a(n) <= 4. Proof: With Lagrange's four-square theorem, if 4*n is not the sum of 4 positive squares (see A000534), then it is easy to express 3*n as the sum of 3 positive squares. - Yifan Xie and Thomas Scheuerle, Apr 29 2023

A164098 Numbers of the form m * (k_1^2 + k_2^2 + ... + k_m^2).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 4, 9, 10, 16, 18, 20, 25, 26, 27, 28, 33, 34, 36, 40, 42, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 54, 55, 57, 58, 60, 63, 64, 65, 66, 68, 70, 72, 74, 76, 78, 80, 81, 82, 84, 85, 87, 88, 90, 91, 92, 95, 99, 100, 102, 104, 105, 106, 108, 110, 112, 114, 115, 116, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125

Offset: 1

Jonas Wallgren, Aug 10 2009, Aug 17 2009

nonn

From Franklin T. Adams-Watters, Aug 29 2009: (Start)
The k_i must all be positive integers.
Note that every integer > 33 is the sum of 5 positive squares, and for n > 5, every integer > n+13 is the sum of n positive squares. (End)
The complement of this sequence includes: A000040, A037074, A143206, 2 * A002145, and 3 * A094712. - Robert Israel, Jan 27 2025

			34 = 2*(4^2 + 1^2), 42 = 3*(3^2 + 2^2 + 1^2), thus 34 and 42 are in the sequence.

Robert Israel, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000

Cf. A000290, A000404, A000408, A000414, A047700, A111178. [From Franklin T. Adams-Watters, Aug 29 2009]

Cf. A000040, A002145, A037074, A094712, A143206.

g:= proc(y,m)
  # can we write y as sum of m positive squares?
   option remember;
   local x;
   if y < m then return false fi;
   if m = 1 then return issqr(y) fi;
   if issqr(y-m+1) then return true fi;
   for x from 1 while x^2 + m-1 < y do
     if procname(y-x^2,m-1) then return true fi
   od;
   false
end proc:
filter:= proc(n)
  ormap(t -> g(n/t, t), numtheory:-divisors(n))
end proc:
select(filter, [$1..1000]); # Robert Israel, Jan 26 2025

issumsqs(n,k) = if(n<=0||k<=0,return(k==0&&n==0)); forstep(j=sqrtint(n),max(sqrtint(n\k),1),-1,if(issumsqs(n-j^2,k-1),return(1)));0
isa(n)=local(ds);ds=divisors(n);for(k=1,(#ds+1)\2,if(issumsqs(n\ds[k],ds[k]),return(1)));0
for(n=1,200,if(isa(n),print1(n","))) \\ Franklin T. Adams-Watters, Aug 29 2009

More terms from Franklin T. Adams-Watters, Aug 29 2009

A215537 Lowest k such that k is representable as both the sum of n and of n+1 nonzero squares.

Original entry on oeis.org

25, 17, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79

Offset: 1

Jon Perry, Aug 15 2012

nonn

			25 = 5^2 = 3^2 + 4^2
17 = 4^2 + 1^2 = 3^2 + 2^2 + 2^2
12 = 2^2 + 2^2 + 2^2 = 3^2 + 1^2 + 1^2 + 1^2
after this just add 1^2 to both sides.

Cf. A000290 (representable as sum of 1 square), A000404 (sum of 2 positive squares), A000408 (sum of 3 positive squares), A000414 (sum of 4 positive squares), A047700 (sum of 5 positive squares)

# true if a is representable as a sum of n squares, each square >= m^2.
isRepnSqrsMin := proc(a,n,m)
    local mpr ;
    if a < n*m^2 then
        return false;
    end if;
    if n = 1 then
        if a>= m^2 and issqr(a) then
            true;
        else
            false;
        end if;
    else
        for mpr from m to a do
            if a-mpr^2 < 1 then
                return false;
            elif procname(a-mpr^2,n-1,mpr) then
                return true;
            end if;
        end do:
    end if;
end proc:
# true if a is representable as a sum of n positive squares.
isRepnSqrs := proc(a,n)
    isRepnSqrsMin(a,n,1) ;
end proc:
A215537 := proc(n)
    local k;
    for k from 1 do
        if isRepnSqrs(k,n) and isRepnSqrs(k,n+1) then
            return k;
        end if;
    end do:
end proc: # R. J. Mathar, Sep 11 2012

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A360530 a(n) is the smallest positive integer k such that n can be expressed as the arithmetic mean of k nonzero squares.

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A164098 Numbers of the form m * (k_1^2 + k_2^2 + ... + k_m^2).

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A215537 Lowest k such that k is representable as both the sum of n and of n+1 nonzero squares.

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Examples

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Programs

Maple