A011965 Second differences of Bell numbers.

1, 2, 7, 27, 114, 523, 2589, 13744, 77821, 467767, 2972432, 19895813, 139824045, 1028804338, 7905124379, 63287544055, 526827208698, 4551453462543, 40740750631417, 377254241891064, 3608700264369193, 35613444194346451, 362161573323083920, 3790824599495473121

Offset: 0

Author

N. J. A. Sloane

Keywords

• nonn
• easy

Comments

Number of partitions of n+3 with at least one singleton and with the smallest element in a singleton equal to 3. Alternatively, number of partitions of n+3 with at least one singleton and with the largest element in a singleton equal to n+1. - Olivier GERARD, Oct 29 2007

Out of the A005493(n) set partitions with a specific two elements clustered separately, number that have a different set of two elements clustered separately. - Andrey Goder (andy.goder(AT)gmail.com), Dec 17 2007

References

• Olivier Gérard and Karol A. Penson, A budget of set partition statistics, in preparation, unpublished as of Sep 22 2011.

Links

• Chai Wah Wu, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..570(terms 0..250 from Alois P. Heinz).
• Martin Cohn, Shimon Even, Karl Menger, Jr. and Philip K. Hooper, On the Number of Partitionings of a Set of n Distinct Objects, Amer. Math. Monthly 69 (1962), no. 8, 782--785. MR1531841.
• Martin Cohn, Shimon Even, Karl Menger, Jr. and Philip K. Hooper, On the Number of Partitionings of a Set of n Distinct Objects, Amer. Math. Monthly 69 (1962), no. 8, 782--785. MR1531841. [Annotated scanned copy]
• Adam M. Goyt and Lara K. Pudwell, Avoiding colored partitions of two elements in the pattern sense, arXiv preprint arXiv:1203.3786 [math.CO], 2012.
• Jocelyn Quaintance and Harris Kwong, A combinatorial interpretation of the Catalan and Bell number difference tables, Integers, 13 (2013), #A29.

Crossrefs

Cf. A000110, A005493, A106436.

Similar recurrences: A006014, A090365, A124758, A217924, A243499, A284005, A290615, A329369, A341392, A347204, A347205, A350309.

Programs

Magma

[Bell(n+2) -2*Bell(n+1) + Bell(n): n in [0..40]]; // G. C. Greubel, Jan 07 2025

Maple

a:= n-> add((-1)^k*binomial(2,k)*combinat['bell'](n+k), k=0..2): seq(a(n), n=0..20);  # Alois P. Heinz, Sep 05 2008

Mathematica

Differences[BellB[Range[0, 30]], 2] (* Vladimir Joseph Stephan Orlovsky, May 25 2011 *)

Python

# requires python 3.2 or higher. Otherwise use def'n of accumulate in python docs.
from itertools import accumulate
A011965_list, blist, b = [1], [1, 2], 2
for _ in range(1000):
    blist = list(accumulate([b]+blist))
    b = blist[-1]
    A011965_list.append(blist[-3])
# Chai Wah Wu, Sep 02 2014

Python

# or Sagemath
b=bell_number
print([b(n+2) -2*b(n+1) +b(n) for n in range(41)]) # G. C. Greubel, Jan 07 2025

Formula

a(n) = A005493(n) - A005493(n-1).

E.g.f.: exp(exp(x)-1)*(exp(2*x)-exp(x)+1). - Vladeta Jovovic, Feb 11 2003

a(n) = A000110(n) - 2*A000110(n-1) + A000110(n-2). - Andrey Goder (andy.goder(AT)gmail.com), Dec 17 2007

G.f.: G(0) where G(k) = 1 - 2*x*(k+1)/((2*k+1)*(2*x*k+2*x-1) - x*(2*k+1)*(2*k+3)*(2*x*k+2*x-1)/(x*(2*k+3) - 2*(k+1)*(2*x*k+3*x-1)/G(k+1) )); (recursively defined continued fraction). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Dec 19 2012

G.f.: 1 - G(0) where G(k) = 1 - 1/(1-k*x-2*x)/(1-x/(x-1/G(k+1) )); (recursively defined continued fraction). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Jan 17 2013

G.f.: 1 - 1/x + (1-x)^2/x/(G(0)-x) where G(k) = 1 - x*(k+1)/(1 - x/G(k+1) ); (recursively defined continued fraction). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Jan 26 2013

G.f.: G(0)*(1-1/x) where G(k) = 1 - 1/(1-x*(k+1))/(1-x/(x-1/G(k+1) )); (recursively defined continued fraction). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Feb 07 2013

a(n) ~ n^2 * Bell(n) / LambertW(n)^2 * (1 - 2*LambertW(n)/n). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Jul 28 2021

Conjecture: a(n) = Sum_{k=0..2^n - 1} b(k) for n >= 0 where b(2n+1) = b(n) + b(A025480(n-1)), b(2n) = b(n - 2^f(n)) + b(2n - 2^f(n)) + b(A025480(n-1)) for n > 0 with b(0) = b(1) = 1 and where f(n) = A007814(n). Also b((4^n - 1)/3) = A141154(n+1). - Mikhail Kurkov, Jan 27 2022