cp's OEIS Frontend

This is a front-end for the Online Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, made by Christian Perfect. The idea is to provide OEIS entries in non-ancient HTML, and then to think about how they're presented visually. The source code is on GitHub.

A067147 Triangle of coefficients for expressing x^n in terms of Hermite polynomials.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 0, 6, 0, 1, 12, 0, 12, 0, 1, 0, 60, 0, 20, 0, 1, 120, 0, 180, 0, 30, 0, 1, 0, 840, 0, 420, 0, 42, 0, 1, 1680, 0, 3360, 0, 840, 0, 56, 0, 1, 0, 15120, 0, 10080, 0, 1512, 0, 72, 0, 1, 30240, 0, 75600, 0, 25200, 0, 2520, 0, 90, 0, 1
Offset: 0

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Author

Christian G. Bower, Jan 03 2002

Keywords

Comments

x^n = (1/2^n) * Sum_{k=0..n} a(n,k)*H_k(x).
These polynomials, H_n(x), are an Appell sequence, whose umbral compositional inverse sequence HI_n(x) consists of the same polynomials signed with the e.g.f. e^{-t^2} e^{xt}. Consequently, under umbral composition H_n(HI.(x)) = x^n = HI_n(H.(x)). Other differently scaled families of Hermite polynomials are A066325, A099174, and A060821. See Griffin et al. for a relation to the Catalan numbers and matrix integration. - Tom Copeland, Dec 27 2020

Examples

			Triangle begins with:
    1;
    0,   1;
    2,   0,   1;
    0,   6,   0,   1;
   12,   0,  12,   0,   1;
    0,  60,   0,  20,   0,   1;
  120,   0, 180,   0,  30,   0,   1;
		

References

  • M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, eds., Handbook of Mathematical Functions, National Bureau of Standards Applied Math. Series 55, 1964 (and various reprintings), p. 801. (Table 22.12)

Crossrefs

Row sums give A047974. Columns 0-2: A001813, A000407, A001814. Cf. A048854, A060821.

Programs

  • Magma
    [[Round(Factorial(n)*(1+(-1)^(n+k))/(2*Factorial(k)*Gamma((n-k+2)/2))): k in [0..n]]: n in [0..10]]; // G. C. Greubel, Jun 09 2018
  • Maple
    T := proc(n, k) (n - k)/2; `if`(%::integer, (n!/k!)/%!, 0) end:
    for n from 0 to 11 do seq(T(n, k), k=0..n) od; # Peter Luschny, Jan 05 2021
  • Mathematica
    Table[n!*(1+(-1)^(n+k))/(2*k!*Gamma[(n-k+2)/2]), {n,0,20}, {k,0,n}]// Flatten (* G. C. Greubel, Jun 09 2018 *)
  • PARI
    T(n, k) = round(n!*(1+(-1)^(n+k))/(2*k! *gamma((n-k+2)/2)))
    for(n=0,20, for(k=0,n, print1(T(n, k), ", "))) \\ G. C. Greubel, Jun 09 2018
    
  • PARI
    {T(n,k) = if(k<0 || nMichael Somos, Jan 15 2020 */
    

Formula

E.g.f. (rel to x): A(x, y) = exp(x*y + x^2).
Sum_{ k>=0 } 2^k*k!*T(m, k)*T(n, k) = T(m+n, 0) = |A067994(m+n)|. - Philippe Deléham, Jul 02 2005
T(n, k) = 0 if n-k is odd; T(n, k) = n!/(k!*((n-k)/2)!) if n-k is even. - Philippe Deléham, Jul 02 2005
T(n, k) = n!/(k!*2^((n-k)/2)*((n-k)/2)!)*2^((n+k)/2)*(1+(-1)^(n+k))/2^(k+1).
T(n, k) = A001498((n+k)/2, (n-k)/2)2^((n+k)/2)(1+(-1)^(n+k))/2^(k+1). - Paul Barry, Aug 28 2005
Exponential Riordan array (e^(x^2),x). - Paul Barry, Sep 12 2006
G.f.: 1/(1-x*y-2*x^2/(1-x*y-4*x^2/(1-x*y-6*x^2/(1-x*y-8*x^2/(1-... (continued fraction). - Paul Barry, Apr 10 2009
The n-th row entries may be obtained from D^n(exp(x*t)) evaluated at x = 0, where D is the operator sqrt(1+4*x)*d/dx. - Peter Bala, Dec 07 2011
As noted in the comments this is an Appell sequence of polynomials, so the lowering and raising operators defined by L H_n(x) = n H_{n-1}(x) and R H_{n}(x) = H_{n+1}(x) are L = D_x, the derivative, and R = D_t log[e^{t^2} e^{xt}] |{t = D_x} = x + 2 D_x, and the polynomials may also be generated by e^{-D^2} x^n = H_n(x). - _Tom Copeland, Dec 27 2020