A143819 Decimal expansion of Sum_{k>=0} 1/(3*k)!.

1, 1, 6, 8, 0, 5, 8, 3, 1, 3, 3, 7, 5, 9, 1, 8, 5, 2, 5, 5, 1, 6, 2, 5, 6, 9, 2, 9, 6, 1, 1, 1, 4, 4, 7, 4, 7, 7, 1, 6, 9, 3, 3, 2, 9, 5, 1, 1, 3, 2, 9, 2, 5, 1, 6, 3, 8, 5, 8, 9, 1, 2, 3, 2, 6, 8, 5, 1, 1, 3, 4, 4, 6, 4, 7, 3, 2, 0, 5, 5, 7, 1, 7, 9, 0, 8, 7, 2, 4, 8, 0, 5, 8, 5, 5, 1, 9, 1, 8, 9, 6

Offset: 1

Author

Peter Bala, Sep 03 2008

Keywords

• easy
• nonn
• cons

Comments

Previous name was: Decimal expansion of the constant 1 + 1/3! + 1/6! + 1/9! + ... = 1.16805 83133 75918 ... .

Define a sequence R(n) of real numbers by R(n) := Sum_{k>=0} (3*k)^n/(3*k)! for n = 0,1,2,... . This constant is R(0); the decimal expansions of R(2) - R(1) = 1/1! + 1/4! + 1/7! and R(1) = 1/2! + 1/5! + 1/8! + ... may be found in A143820 and A143821. It is easy to verify that the sequence R(n) satisfies the recurrence relation u(n+3) = 3*u(n+2) - 2*u(n+1) + Sum_{i=0..n} binomial(n,i) * 3^(n-i)*u(i). Hence R(n) is an integral linear combination of R(0), R(1) and R(2) and so also an integral linear combination of R(0), R(1) and R(2) - R(1). Some examples are given below.

Bowman and Mc Laughlin (Corollary 10 with m = -1) give a continued fraction expansion for this constant and deduce the constant is irrational. - Peter Bala, Apr 17 2017

Examples

			1.168058313375918525516256929611144747716933295113292516385891232685...
R(n) as a linear combination of R(0), R(1) and R(2) - R(1).
=======================================
  R(n)  |     R(0)     R(1)   R(2)-R(1)
=======================================
  R(3)  |       1        1        3
  R(4)  |       6        2        7
  R(5)  |      25       11       16
  R(6)  |      91       66       46
  R(7)  |     322      352      203
  R(8)  |    1232     1730     1178
  R(9)  |    5672     8233     7242
  R(10) |   32202    39987    43786
  ...
The column entries are from A143815, A143816 and A143817.
		

Links

• D. Bowman and J. Mc Laughlin, Polynomial continued fractions, arXiv:1812.08251 [math.NT], 2018; Acta Arith. 103 (2002), no. 4, 329-342.
• Michael Penn, Two sum identities, YouTube video, 2020.
• Michael I. Shamos, A catalog of the real numbers, (2011). See p. 209.

Crossrefs

Cf. A073742, A073743, A143815, A143816, A143817, A143818, A143820, A143821.

Cf. A001113 (Sum 1/k!), A073743 (Sum 1/(2k)!), this sequence (Sum 1/(3k)!), A332890 (Sum 1/(4k)!), A269296 (Sum 1/(5k)!), A332892 (Sum 1/(6k)!), A346441.

Programs

Mathematica

RealDigits[ N[ 1/3*(2*Cos[Sqrt[3]/2]/Sqrt[E] + E), 105]][[1]] (* Jean-François Alcover, Nov 08 2012 *)
With[{nn=120},RealDigits[N[Total[Table[1/(3n)!,{n,nn}]]+1,nn],10,nn][[1]]] (* Harvey P. Dale, Apr 20 2013 *)

PARI

suminf(k=0, 1/(3*k)!) \\ Michel Marcus, Feb 21 2016

Formula

Equals (exp(1) + exp(w) + exp(w^2))/3, where w = exp(2*Pi*i/3).

A143819 + A143820 + A143821 = exp(1).

Equals 1/3 * (e + 2 * cos(sqrt(3)/2) / sqrt(e)). - Bernard Schott, Mar 01 2020

Sum_{k>=0} (-1)^k / (3*k)! = (exp(-1) + 2*exp(1/2)*cos(sqrt(3)/2))/ 3 = 0.83471946857721... - Vaclav Kotesovec, Mar 02 2020

Continued fraction: 1 + 1/(6 - 6/(121 - 120/(505 - ... - P(n-1)/((P(n) + 1) - ... )))), where P(n) = (3*n )*(3*n - 1)*(3*n - 2) for n >= 1. Cf. A346441. - Peter Bala, Feb 22 2024

Extensions

Offset corrected by R. J. Mathar, Feb 05 2009

New name from Bernard Schott, Mar 02 2020