A174168 -id:A174168 - cp's OEIS frontend

A128720 Number of paths in the first quadrant from (0,0) to (n,0) using steps U=(1,1), D=(1,-1), h=(1,0) and H=(2,0).

1, 1, 3, 6, 16, 40, 109, 297, 836, 2377, 6869, 20042, 59071, 175453, 524881, 1579752, 4780656, 14536878, 44394980, 136107872, 418757483, 1292505121, 4001039563, 12418772656, 38641790001, 120510911885, 376628460529, 1179376013552, 3699860515924, 11626784875214

Offset: 0

Emeric Deutsch, Mar 30 2007, revised Sep 03 2007

nonn

Points of two kinds are placed on a line: light points having weight 1 and heavy points having weight 2. Number of configurations of points of total weight n, with some of the light points being paired off by nonintersecting arcs.
Number of skew Dyck paths of semilength n having no UUU's. A skew Dyck path is a path in the first quadrant which begins at the origin, ends on the x-axis, consists of steps U=(1,1)(up), D=(1,-1)(down) and L=(-1,-1)(left) so that up and left steps do not overlap. The length of a path is defined to be the number of its steps. Example: a(3)=6 because we have UDUDUD, UDUUDD, UDUUDL, UUDDUD, UUDUDD and UUDUDL. a(n)=A128719(n,0). a(n)=A059397(n,n). a(n)=A132276(n,0).
Hankel transform is the (1,3) Somos-4 sequence A174168. - Paul Barry, Mar 10 2010
First column of the Riordan matrix A132276. - Emanuele Munarini, May 05 2011

			a(3)=6 because we have hhh, hH, Hh, hUD, UhD and UDh.
G.f. = 1 + x + 3*x^2 + 6*x^3 + 16*x^4 + 40*x^5 + 109*x^6 + 297*x^7 + ...

G. C. Greubel, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1000 (first 101 terms from Vincenzo Librandi)
Paul Barry, Generalized Catalan Numbers, Hankel Transforms and Somos-4 Sequences , J. Int. Seq. 13 (2010) #10.7.2.
Paul Barry, Invariant number triangles, eigentriangles and Somos-4 sequences, arXiv:1107.5490 [math.CO], 2011.
Paul Barry, Generalized Catalan recurrences, Riordan arrays, elliptic curves, and orthogonal polynomials, arXiv:1910.00875 [math.CO], 2019.
Paul Barry, On Motzkin-Schröder Paths, Riordan Arrays, and Somos-4 Sequences, J. Int. Seq. (2023) Vol. 26, Art. 23.4.7.
Emeric Deutsch, Emanuele Munarini, and S. Rinaldi, Skew Dyck paths, J. Stat. Plann. Infer. 140 (8) (2010) 2191-2203.
M. Dziemianczuk, Enumerations of plane trees with multiple edges and Raney lattice paths, Discrete Mathematics 337 (2014): 9-24.
W. F. Klostermeyer, M. E. Mays, L. Soltes and G. Trapp, A Pascal rhombus, Fibonacci Quarterly, 35 (1997), 318-328.
P. Rajkovic, Paul Barry, and N. Savic, Number Sequences in an Integral Form with a Generalized Convolution Property and Somos-4 Hankel Determinants, Math. Balkanica, Vol. 26 (2012), Fasc. 1-2.

Cf. A001006, A128719, A059397, A132276.

a[0]:=1: a[1]:=1: for n from 2 to 30 do a[n]:=a[n-1]+a[n-2]+add(a[j]*a[n-2-j], j=0..n-2) end do: seq(a[n],n=0..30); G:=((1-z-z^2-sqrt((1+z-z^2)*(1-3*z-z^2)))*1/2)/z^2: Gser:=series(G,z=0,33): seq(coeff(Gser,z,n),n=0..30);

Table[Sum[Binomial[2k,k]/(k+1)Sum[Binomial[n-j,2k]Binomial[n-j-2k,j],{j,0,n/2}],{k,0,n/2}],{n,0,12}] (* Emanuele Munarini, May 05 2011 *)

makelist(sum(binomial(2*k,k)/(k+1)*sum(binomial(n-j,2*k)*binomial(n-j-2*k,j),j,0,n/2),k,0,n/2),n,0,12); /* Emanuele Munarini, May 05 2011 */

a(n) = Sum_{j=0..floor(n/2)} binomial(n-j, j)*m(n-2j), where m(k)=A001006(k) are the Motzkin numbers.
G.f. = G satisfies z^2*G^2 - (1-z-z^2)*G + 1 = 0.
G.f. = c(z^2/(1-z-z^2)^2)/(1-z-z^2), where c(z) = (1-sqrt(1-4z))/(2z) is the Catalan function.
a(n) = a(n-1) + a(n-2) + Sum_{j=0..n-2} a(j)*a(n-2-j), a(0) = a(1) = 1.
G.f.: (1/(1-x-x^2))*c(x^2/(1-x-x^2)^2) = (1/(1-x^2))*m(x/(1-x^2)), c(x) the g.f. of A000108, m(x) the g.f. of A001006. - Paul Barry, Mar 18 2010
Let A(x) be the g.f., then B(x) = 1 + x*A(x) = 1 + 1*x + 1*x^2 + 3*x^3 + 6*x^4 + ... = 1/(1-z/(1-z/(1-z/(...)))) where z=x/(1+x-x^2) (continued fraction); more generally B(x)=C(x/(1+x-x^2)) where C(x) is the g.f. for the Catalan numbers (A000108). - Joerg Arndt, Mar 18 2011
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..floor(n/2)} (binomial(2*k,k)/(k+1))*Sum_{j=0..floor(n/2)} binomial(n-j, 2*k)*binomial(n-j-2*k, j). - Emanuele Munarini, May 05 2011
D-finite with recurrence: (n+2)*a(n) + (-2*n-1)*a(n-1) + 5*(-n+1)*a(n-2) + (2*n-5)*a(n-3) + (n-4)*a(n-4) = 0. - R. J. Mathar, Dec 03 2012
G.f.: (1 - x - x^2 - sqrt(1 - 2*x - 5*x^2 + 2*x^3 + x^4))/(2*x^2) = 1/Q(0), where Q(k) = 1 - x - x^2 - x^2/Q(k+1); (continued fraction). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Oct 04 2013
a(n) ~ sqrt(78+22*sqrt(13)) * ((3+sqrt(13))/2)^n / (4 * sqrt(Pi) * n^(3/2)). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Feb 13 2014

A178628 A (1,1) Somos-4 sequence associated to the elliptic curve E: y^2 - x*y - y = x^3 + x^2 + x.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, -1, -4, -3, 19, 67, -40, -1243, -4299, 25627, 334324, 627929, -29742841, -372632409, 1946165680, 128948361769, 1488182579081, -52394610324649, -2333568937567764, -5642424912729707, 3857844273728205019

Offset: 1

Paul Barry, May 31 2010

a(n) is (-1)^C(n,2) times the Hankel transform of the sequence with g.f.
1/(1-x^2/(1-x^2/(1-4x^2/(1+(3/16)x^2/(1-(76/9)x^2/(1-(201/361)x^2/(1-... where
1,4,-3/16,76/9,201/361,... are the x-coordinates of the multiples of z=(0,0)
on E:y^2-xy-y=x^3+x^2+x.

G. C. Greubel, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..160
Paul Barry, Riordan arrays, the A-matrix, and Somos 4 sequences, arXiv:1912.01126 [math.CO], 2019.

Cf. A006720.

(p, q) Somos-4 sequences: A171422, A174168, A174170, A174404, A174809, A174811, A174882, A178075, A178077, A178081, A178079, A178376, A178377, A178384, A178417, A178418, A178621, A178622, A178624, A178625, A178627, A178628, A178644, A184019, A184121, A188313, A188315, A352625.

I:=[1,1,-1,-4]; [n le 4 select I[n] else (Self(n-1)*Self(n-3) + Self(n-2)^2)/Self(n-4): n in [1..30]]; // G. C. Greubel, Sep 18 2018

RecurrenceTable[{a[n] == (a[n-1]*a[n-3] +a[n-2]^2)/a[n-4], a[1] == 1, a[2] == 1, a[3] == -1, a[4] == -4}, a, {n,1,30}] (* G. C. Greubel, Sep 18 2018 *)

a(n)=local(E,z);E=ellinit([ -1,1,-1,1,0]);z=ellpointtoz(E,[0,0]); round(ellsigma(E,n*z)/ellsigma(E,z)^(n^2))

m=30; v=concat([1,1,-1,-4], vector(m-4)); for(n=5, m, v[n] = ( v[n-1]*v[n-3] +v[n-2]^2)/v[n-4]); v \\ G. C. Greubel, Sep 18 2018

{a(n) = subst(elldivpol(ellinit([-1, 1, -1, 1, 0]), n), x ,0)}; /* Michael Somos, Jul 05 2024 */

@CachedFunction
def a(n): # a = A178628
    if n<5: return (0,1,1,-1,-4)[n]
    else: return (a(n-1)*a(n-3) + a(n-2)^2)/a(n-4)
[a(n) for n in range(1,41)] # G. C. Greubel, Jul 05 2024

a(n) = (a(n-1)*a(n-3) + a(n-2)^2)/a(n-4), n>4.

a(n) = -a(-n). a(n) = (-a(n-1)*a(n-4) +4*a(n-2)*a(n-3))/a(n-5) for all n in Z except n=5. - Michael Somos, Jul 05 2024

Offset changed to 0. - Michael Somos, Jul 05 2024

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A128720 Number of paths in the first quadrant from (0,0) to (n,0) using steps U=(1,1), D=(1,-1), h=(1,0) and H=(2,0).

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A178628 A (1,1) Somos-4 sequence associated to the elliptic curve E: y^2 - x*y - y = x^3 + x^2 + x.

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