A203852 -id:A203852 - cp's OEIS frontend

A005727 n-th derivative of x^x at x=1. Also called Lehmer-Comtet numbers.

1, 1, 2, 3, 8, 10, 54, -42, 944, -5112, 47160, -419760, 4297512, -47607144, 575023344, -7500202920, 105180931200, -1578296510400, 25238664189504, -428528786243904, 7700297625889920, -146004847062359040, 2913398154375730560, -61031188196889482880

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane

L. Comtet, Advanced Combinatorics, Reidel, 1974, p. 139, table at foot of page.
G. H. Hardy, A Course of Pure Mathematics, 10th ed., Cambridge University Press, 1960, p. 428.
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Alois P. Heinz, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..400 (first 101 terms from T. D. Noe)
Joerg Arndt, Matters Computational (The Fxtbook), section 36.5, "The function x^x"
H. W. Gould, A Set of Polynomials Associated with the Higher Derivatives of y=xxy=x^x, Rocky Mountain J. Math. 26(2) 1996.
R. K. Guy, Letter to N. J. A. Sloane, 1986
R. K. Guy, The strong law of small numbers. Amer. Math. Monthly 95 (1988), no. 8, 697-712.
R. K. Guy, The strong law of small numbers. Amer. Math. Monthly 95 (1988), no. 8, 697-712. [Annotated scanned copy]
G. H. Hardy, A Course of Pure Mathematics, Cambridge, The University Press, 1908.
D. H. Lehmer, Numbers associated with Stirling Numbers and x^x, Rocky Mountain J. Math., 15(2) 1985, p. 461.
R. R. Patterson and G. Suri, The derivatives of x^x, date unknown. Preprint. [Annotated scanned copy]

Row sums of A008296. Column k=2 of A215703 and of A277537.

Cf. A005168, A176118, A293297, A203852.

A005727 := proc(n) option remember; `if`(n=0, 1, A005727(n-1)+add((-1)^(n-k)*(n-2-k)!*binomial(n-1, k)*A005727(k), k=0..n-2)) end:
seq(A005727(n), n=0..23); # Mélika Tebni, May 22 2022

NestList[ Factor[ D[ #1, x ] ]&, x^x, n ] /. (x->1)
Range[0, 22]! CoefficientList[ Series[(1 + x)^(1 + x), {x, 0, 22}], x] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Feb 03 2013 *)

a(n)=if(n<0,0,n!*polcoeff((1+x+x*O(x^n))^(1+x),n))

For n>0, a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} b(n, k), where b(n, k) is a Lehmer-Comtet number of the first kind (see A008296).
E.g.f.: (1+x)^(1+x). a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} Stirling1(n, k)*A000248(k). - Vladeta Jovovic, Oct 02 2003
From  Mélika Tebni, May 22 2022: (Start)
a(0) = 1, a(n) = a(n-1)+Sum_{k=0..n-2} (-1)^(n-k)*(n-2-k)!*binomial(n-1, k)*a(k).
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} (-1)^(n-k)*A293297(k)*binomial(n, k).
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} (-1)^k*A203852(k)*binomial(n, k). (End)

A185164 Coefficients of a set of polynomials associated with the derivatives of x^x.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 2, 3, 6, 10, 24, 40, 15, 120, 196, 105, 720, 1148, 700, 105, 5040, 7848, 5068, 1260, 40320, 61416, 40740, 12600, 945, 362880, 541728, 363660, 126280, 17325, 3628800, 5319072, 3584856, 1332100, 242550, 10395, 39916800, 57545280, 38764440, 15020720, 3213210, 270270

Offset: 2

Peter Bala, Mar 12 2012

Gould shows that the derivatives of x^x are given by (d/dx)^n(x^x) = (x^x)*Sum_{k = 0..n} (-1)^k*binomial(n,k)*(1 + log(x))^(n-k)*x^(-k)*R(k,x), where R(n,x) is a polynomial in x of degree floor(n/2). The first few values are R(0,x) = 1, R(1,x) = 0, R(2,x) = x, R(3,x) = x and R(4,x) = 2*x + 3*x^2. The coefficients of these polynomials are listed in the table for n >= 2. Gould gives an explicit formula for R(n,x) as a triple sum, and also an expression in terms of the Comtet numbers A008296.

This table read by diagonals gives A075856.

			Triangle begins
n\k.|.....1.....2.....3.....4
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
..2.|.....1
..3.|.....1
..4.|.....2.....3
..5.|.....6....10
..6.|....24....40....15
..7.|...120...196...105
..8.|...720..1148...700...105
..9.|..5040..7848..5068..1260
...
Fourth derivative of x^x:
x^(-x)*(d/dx)^4(x^x) = (1+log(x))^4 + C(4,2)/x^2*(1+log(x))^2*x - C(4,3)/x^3*(1+log(x)) + C(4,4)/x^4*(2*x + 3*x^2).
Example of recurrence relation for table entries:
T(7,2) = 4*T(6,2) + 6*T(5,1) = 4*40 + 6*6 = 196.

Robert Israel, Table of n, a(n) for n = 2..10001 (rows 2 to 200, flattened)
Peter Bala, Diagonals of triangles with generating function exp(t*F(x)).
H. W. Gould, A Set of Polynomials Associated with the Higher Derivatives of y = x^x, Rocky Mountain J. Math. Volume 26, Number 2 (1996), 615-625.

Cf. A008296, A075856, A203852 (row sums).

T[2,1]:= 1:
for n from 3 to 15 do
  for k from 1 to floor(n/2) do
    T[n,k]:= (n-1-k)*`if`(k<= floor((n-1)/2),T[n-1,k],0) + `if`(k>=2 and k-1 <= floor((n-2)/2),(n-1)*T[n-2,k-1],0)
od od:
seq(seq(T[n,k],k=1..floor(n/2)),n=2..15); # Robert Israel, Jan 13 2016

m = 14; F = Exp[t (x + (1-x) Log[1-x])];
cc = CoefficientList[# + O[t]^m, t]& /@ CoefficientList[F + O[x]^m, x]* Range[0, m - 1]!;
Rest /@ Drop[cc, 2] (* Jean-François Alcover, Jun 26 2019 *)

# uses[bell_transform from A264428]
# Computes the full triangle for n>=0 and 0<=k<=n.
def A185164_row(n):
    g = lambda k: factorial(k-1) if k>0 else 0
    s = [g(k) for k in (0..n)]
    return bell_transform(n, s)
[A185164_row(n) for n in (0..10)] # Peter Luschny, Jan 13 2016

Recurrence relation: T(n+1,k) = (n - k)*T(n,k) + n*T(n-1,k-1).
The diagonal entries D(n,k) := T(n+k,k) satisfy the recurrence D(n+1,k) = n*D(n,k) + (n + k)*D(n,k-1) so this table read by diagonals is A075856.
E.g.f.: F(x,t) = exp(t*(x + (1 - x)*log(1 - x))) = Sum_{n = 0..oo} R(n,t)*x^n/n! = 1 + t*x^2/2! + t*x^3/3! + (2*t + 3*t^2)*x^4/4! + .... The e.g.f. F(x,t) satisfies the partial differential equation (1 - x)*dF/dx + t*dF/dt = x*t*F.
This gives the recurrence relation for the row generating polynomials: R(n+1,x) = n*R(n,x) - x*d/dx(R(n,x)) + n*x*R(n-1,x) for n >= 1, with initial conditions R(0,x) = 1, R(1,x) = 0.
The e.g.f. for the triangle read by diagonals is given by the series reversion (with respect to x) (x - t*(x + (1 - x)*log(1 - x)))^(-1) = x + t*x^2/2! + (t + 3*t^2)x^3/3! + (2*t + 10*t^2 + 15*t^3)*x^4/4! + ....
Diagonal sums: Sum_{k = 1..n} T(n+k,k) = n^n , n >= 1.
Row sums A203852.
Also the Bell transform of the sequence g(k) = (k-1)! if k>0 else 0. For the definition of the Bell transform see A264428. - Peter Luschny, Jan 13 2016

More terms from Jean-François Alcover, Jun 26 2019

A293472 Triangle read by rows, coefficients of polynomials in t = log(x) of the n-th derivative of x^x, evaluated at x = 1. T(n, k) with n >= 0 and 0 <= k <= n.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 3, 6, 3, 1, 8, 12, 12, 4, 1, 10, 40, 30, 20, 5, 1, 54, 60, 120, 60, 30, 6, 1, -42, 378, 210, 280, 105, 42, 7, 1, 944, -336, 1512, 560, 560, 168, 56, 8, 1, -5112, 8496, -1512, 4536, 1260, 1008, 252, 72, 9, 1

Offset: 0

Peter Luschny, Oct 10 2017

			Triangle starts:
0: [  1]
1: [  1,   1]
2: [  2,   2,   1]
3: [  3,   6,   3,   1]
4: [  8,  12,  12,   4,   1]
5: [ 10,  40,  30,  20,   5,  1]
6: [ 54,  60, 120,  60,  30,  6, 1]
7: [-42, 378, 210, 280, 105, 42, 7, 1]
...
For n = 3, the 3rd derivative of x^x is p(3,x,t) = x^x*t^3 + 3*x^x*t^2 + 3*x^x*t + x^x + 3*x^x*t/x + 3*x^x/x - x^x/x^2 where log(x) is substituted by t. Evaluated at x = 1: p(3,1,t) = 3 + 6*t + 3*t^2 + t^3 with coefficients [3, 6, 3, 1].

More generally, consider the n-th derivative of x^(x^m). This is case m = 1.
m      |  t = -1 |  t = 0  |  t = 1  | p(n, t) | related
m = 1  | A203852 | A005727 | A293297 | A293472 | A293239
m = 2  |    -    | A215524 |    -    | A293473 | A290268
m = 3  |    -    | A215704 |    -    | A293474 |    -
Cf. A215703.

dx := proc(m, n) if n = 0 then return [1] fi;
subs(ln(x) = t, diff(x^(x^m), x$n)): subs(x = 1, %):
PolynomialTools:-CoefficientList(%,t) end:
ListTools:-Flatten([seq(dx(1, n), n=0..10)]);

dx[m_, n_] := ReplaceAll[CoefficientList[ReplaceAll[Expand[D[x^x^m, {x, n}]], Log[x] -> t], t], x -> 1];
Table[dx[1, n], {n, 0, 7}] // Flatten

A276996 Numerators of coefficients of polynomials arising from applying the complete Bell polynomials to k!B_k(x)/(k*(k-1)) with B_k(x) the Bernoulli polynomials.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 0, 1, -1, 1, 0, 1, -3, 1, 1, -1, 6, -10, 5, 0, -1, -15, 95, -40, 16, 239, -1, 13, -85, 240, -237, 79, 0, 403, 21, 385, -1575, 3577, -2947, 421, -46409, -239, 3841, 175, 861, -8036, 45458, -10692, 2673, 0, -82451, -2657, 56177, 1638, 19488, -85260, 139656, -86472, 19216

Offset: 0

Peter Luschny, Oct 01 2016

The polynomials appear in certain asymptotic series for the Gamma function, cf. for example A181855/A181856 and A277000/A277001.

			Polynomials start:
p_0(x) = 1;
p_1(x) = 0;
p_2(x) = 1/6 + -x + x^2;
p_3(x) = (1/2)*x + -(3/2)*x^2 + x^3;
p_4(x) = 1/60 + -x + 6*x^2 + -10*x^3 + 5*x^4;
p_5(x) = -(1/6)*x + -(15/2)*x^2 + (95/3)*x^3 + -40*x^4 + 16*x^5;
p_6(x) = 239/504 + -(1/4)*x + (13/4)*x^2 + -85*x^3 + 240*x^4 + -237*x^5 + 79*x^6;
Triangle starts:
1;
0,   0;
1,  -1,   1;
0,   1,  -3,   1;
1,  -1,   6, -10,  5;
0,  -1, -15,  95, -40,   16;
239,-1,  13, -85, 240, -237, 79;

W. Wang, Unified approaches to the approximations of the gamma function, J. Number Theory (2016).

Cf. A276997 (denominators); T(2n,0) = A181855(n), T(n,n) = A203852(n).

Cf. A276998.

A276996_row := proc(n) local p;
p := (n,x) -> CompleteBellB(n,0,seq((k-2)!*bernoulli(k,x),k=2..n)):
seq(numer(coeff(p(n,x),x,k)), k=0..n) end:
seq(A276996_row(n), n=0..9);
# Recurrence for the polynomials:
A276996_poly := proc(n,x) option remember; local z;
if n = 0 then return 1 fi; z := proc(k) option remember;
if k=1 then 0 else (k-2)!*bernoulli(k,x) fi end;
expand(add(binomial(n-1,j)*z(n-j)*A276996_poly(j,x),j=0..n-1)) end:
for n from 0 to 5 do sort(A276996_poly(n,x)) od;

CompleteBellB[n_, zz_] := Sum[BellY[n, k, zz[[1 ;; n-k+1]]], {k, 1, n}];
p[n_, x_] := CompleteBellB[n, Join[{0}, Table[(k-2)! BernoulliB[k, x], {k, 2, n}]]];
row[0] = {1}; row[1] = {0, 0}; row[n_] := CoefficientList[p[n, x], x] // Numerator;
Table[row[n], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Sep 09 2018 *)

T(n,k) = Numerator([x^k] p_n(x)) where p_n(x) = Y_{n}(z_1, z_2, z_3,..., z_n) are the complete Bell polynomials evaluated at z_1 = 0 and z_k = (k-2)!*B_k(x) for k>1 and B_k(x) the Bernoulli polynomials.

cp's OEIS Frontend

A005727 n-th derivative of x^x at x=1. Also called Lehmer-Comtet numbers.

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A185164 Coefficients of a set of polynomials associated with the derivatives of x^x.

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A293472 Triangle read by rows, coefficients of polynomials in t = log(x) of the n-th derivative of x^x, evaluated at x = 1. T(n, k) with n >= 0 and 0 <= k <= n.

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A276996 Numerators of coefficients of polynomials arising from applying the complete Bell polynomials to k!B_k(x)/(k*(k-1)) with B_k(x) the Bernoulli polynomials.

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