cp's OEIS Frontend

This is a front-end for the Online Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, made by Christian Perfect. The idea is to provide OEIS entries in non-ancient HTML, and then to think about how they're presented visually. The source code is on GitHub.

Showing 1-10 of 13 results. Next

A287768 Irregular triangle read by rows: mean version of Girard-Waring formula A210258, for m = 3 data values.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 3, -2, 9, -9, 1, 27, -36, 4, 6, 81, -135, 15, 45, -5, 243, -486, 54, 243, -36, -18, 1, 729, -1701, 189, 1134, -189, -189, 7, 21, 2187, -5832, 648, 4860, -864, -1296, 36, 216, 54, -8, 6561, -19683, 2187, 19683, -3645, -7290, 162, 1458, 729, -81, -81, 1, 19683, -65610, 7290, 76545, -14580, -36450, 675, 8100, 6075, -540, -1080, 10, -162, 45
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Gregory Gerard Wojnar, May 31 2017

Keywords

Comments

Let SM_k = Sum( d_(t_1, t_2, t_3)* eM_1^t_1 * eM_2^t_2 * eM_3^t_3) summed over all length 3 integer partitions of k, i.e., 1*t_1+2*t_2+3*t_3=k, where SM_k are the averaged k-th power sum symmetric polynomials in 3 data (i.e., SM_k = S_k/3 where S_k are the k-th power sum symmetric polynomials, and where eM_k are the averaged k-th elementary symmetric polynomials, eM_k = e_k/binomial(3,k) with e_k being the k-th elementary symmetric polynomials. The data d_(t_1, t_2, t_3) form an irregular triangle, with one row for each k value starting with k=1; "irregular" means that the number of terms in successive rows is nondecreasing.
The sum of the positive terms in successive rows appears to be A195350; row sums of negative terms is always 1 less than corresponding sum of positive terms.

Examples

			Triangle begins:
    1;
    3,   -2;
    9,   -9,  1;
   27,  -36,  4,   6;
   81, -135, 15,  45,  -5;
  243, -486, 54, 243, -36, -18, 1;
  ...
The first few rows describe:
Row 1: SM_1 = 1 eM_1;
Row 2: SM_2 = 3*(eM_1)^2 - 2*eM_2;
Row 3: SM_3 = 9*(eM_1)^3 - 9*eM_1*eM_2 + 1*eM_3;
Row 4: SM_4 = 27*(eM_1)^4 - 36*(eM_1)^2*eM_2 + 4*eM_1*eM_3 + 6*(eM_2)^2;
Row 5: SM_5 = 81*(eM_1)^5 - 135*(eM_1)^3*eM_2 + 15*(eM_1)^2*eM_3 + 45*eM_1*(eM_2)^2 - 5*eM_2*eM_3.
		

Crossrefs

Row sums of the positive terms appears to be A195350.
First entries of row n is A000244(n).
Second entries of row n, for n>1, is given by -n*3^(n-2).
Third entries of row n, for n>2, is given by n*3^(n-4), A006234.
Fourth entries of row n, for n>3, is given by n*(n-3)*3^(n-3)/2!.
Fifth entries of row n, for n>4, is given by -n*(n-4)*3^(n-5)/1!.
Corresponding sequences for different sized data multisets are: A028297 (m=2), A288199 (m=4), A288207 (m=5), A288211 (m=6), A288245 (m=7), A288188 (m=8).
Cf. A210258.

Programs

  • Java
    // See Wojnar link.

A288188 Irregular triangle read by rows of normalized Girard-Waring formula (cf. A210258), for m=8 data values.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 8, -7, 64, -84, 21, 512, -896, 224, 196, -35, 4096, -8960, 2240, 3920, -350, -980, 35, 32768, -86016, 21504, 56448, -3360, -18816, 336, -5488, 1470, 1176, -21, 262144, -802816, 200704, 702464, -31360, -263424, 3136, -153664, 27440, 21952, -196, 38416, -1372, -3430, 7
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Gregory Gerard Wojnar, Jun 16 2017

Keywords

Comments

Let SM_k = Sum( d_(t_1, t_2, t_3, ..., t_8)* eM_1^t_1 * eM_2^t_2 * ...*eM_8^t_8) summed over all length 8 integer partitions of k, i.e., 1*t_1+2*t_2+3*t_3+...+8*t_8=k, where SM_k are the averaged k-th power sum symmetric polynomials in 8 data (i.e., SM_k = S_k/8 where S_k are the k-th power sum symmetric polynomials, and where eM_k are the averaged k-th elementary symmetric polynomials, eM_k = e_k/binomial(8,k) with e_k being the k-th elementary symmetric polynomials. The data d_(t_1, t_2, t_3, ..., t_8) form a triangle, with one row for each k value starting with k=1; the number of terms in successive rows is nondecreasing.
Row sums of positive entries give: 1,8,85,932,10291,114878,... Row sums of negative entries are always 1 less than corresponding row sums of positive entries.

Examples

			Triangle begins
     1;
     8,    -7;
    64,   -84,   21;
   512,  -896,  224,  196,  -35;
  4096, -8960, 2240, 3920, -350, -980, 35;
  ...
		

Crossrefs

Cf. A028297 (m=2), A287768 (m=3), A288199 (m=4), A288207 (m=5), A288211 (m=6), A288245 (m=7). See Girard-Waring A210258. T(n,1)=8^(n-1)=A001018(n).

Programs

  • Java
    // See Wojnar link.

A288199 Irregular triangle read by rows: mean version of Girard-Waring formula (cf. A210258), for m = 4 data values.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 4, -3, 16, -18, 3, 64, -96, 16, 18, -1, 256, -480, 80, 180, -30, -5, 1024, -2304, 384, 1296, -288, -108, -24, 9, 12, 4096, -10752, 1792, 8064, -2016, -1512, 112, 252, -112, 84, -7
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Gregory Gerard Wojnar, May 31 2017

Keywords

Comments

Let SM_k = Sum( d_(t_1, t_2, t_3, t_4)* eM_1^t_1 * eM_2^t_2 * eM_3^t_3*eM_4^t_4) summed over all length 4 integer partitions of k, i.e., 1*t_1 + 2*t_2 + 3*t_3 + 4*t_4 = k, where SM_k are the averaged k-th power sum symmetric polynomials in 4 data (i.e., SM_k = S_k/4 where S_k are the k-th power sum symmetric polynomials, and where eM_k are the averaged k-th elementary symmetric polynomials, eM_k = e_k/binomial(4,k) with e_k being the k-th elementary symmetric polynomials. The data d_(t_1, t_2, t_3, t_4) form an irregular triangle, with one row for each k value starting with k=1; "irregular" means that the number of terms in successive rows is nondecreasing.
Row sums of positive entries give 1, 4, 19, 98, 516, 2725, 14400.
Row sums of negative entries are always 1 less than corresponding row sums of positive entries.

Examples

			Triangle begins:
    1;
    4,   -3;
   16,  -18,   3;
   64,  -96,  16,  18, -1;
  256, -480,  80, 180, -5, -30;
  ...
The first few rows describe:
Row 1: SM_1 = 1 eM_1;
Row 2: SM_2 = 4*(eM_1)^2 - 3*eM_2;
Row 3: SM_3 = 16*(eM_1)^3 - 18*eM_1*eM_2 + 3*eM_3;
Row 4: SM_4 = 64*(eM_1)^4 - 96*(eM_1)^2*eM_2 + 16*eM_1*eM_3 + 18*(eM_2)^2 - 1*eM_4;
Row 5: SM_5 = 256*(eM_1)^5 - 480*(eM_1)^3*eM_2 + 80*(eM_1)^2*eM_2 + 180*eM_1*(eM_2)^2 - 30*eM_2*eM_3 - 5*eM_1*eM_4.
		

Crossrefs

Cf. A210258, A028297 (m=2), A287768 (m=3), A288207 (m=5), A288211 (m=6), A288245 (m=7), A288188 (m=8).

A288211 Irregular triangle read by rows of normalized Girard-Waring formula (cf. A210258), for m=6 data values.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 6, -5, 36, -45, 10, 216, -360, 80, 75, -10, 1296, -2700, 600, 1125, -250, -75, 5, 7776, -19440, 4320, 12150, -3600, -1125, -540, 225, 200, 36, -1, 46656, -136080, 30240, 113400, -37800, -23625, 2800, 5250, -3780, 3150, -350, 252, -105, -7
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Gregory Gerard Wojnar, Jun 06 2017

Keywords

Comments

Let SM_k = Sum( d_(t_1, t_2, ..., t_6)* eM_1^t_1 * eM_2^t_2 * ... * eM_6^t_6) summed over all length 6 integer partitions of k, i.e., 1*t_1 + 2*t_2 + 3*t_3 + ... + 6*t_6 = k, where SM_k are the averaged k-th power sum symmetric polynomials in 6 data (i.e., SM_k = S_k/6 where S_k are the k-th power sum symmetric polynomials, and where eM_k are the averaged k-th elementary symmetric polynomials, eM_k = e_k/binomial(6,k) with e_k being the k-th elementary symmetric polynomials. The data d_(t_1, t_2, t_3, ..., t_6) form a triangle, with one row for each k value starting with k=1; the number of terms in successive rows is nondecreasing.
Row sums of positive entries give 1,6,46,371,3026,24707,201748. Row sums of negative entries are always 1 less than corresponding row sums of positive entries.

Examples

			Triangle begins:
 1;
 6,-5;
 36,-45,10;
 216,-360,80,75,-10;
 1296,-2700,600,1125,-250,-75,5;
 7776,-19440,4320,12150,-3600,-1125,-540,225,200,36,-1;
 ...
Above represents:
 SM_1 = eM_1;
 SM_2 = 6*(eM_1)^2 - 5*eM_2;
 SM_3 = 36*(eM_1)^3 - 45*eM_1*eM_2 + 10*eM_3;
 SM_4 = 216*(eM_1)^4 - 360*(eM_1)^2*eM_2 + 80*eM_1*eM_3 + 75*(eM_2)^2 - 10*eM_4;
 SM_5 = 1296*(eM_1)^5 - 2700*(eM_1)^3*eM_2 + 600*(eM_1)^2*eM_3 + 1125*eM_1*(eM_2)^2 - 250*eM_2*eM_3 - 75*eM_1*eM_4 + 5*eM_5;
 ...
		

Crossrefs

Cf. A028297 (m=2), A287768 (m=3), A288199 (m=4), A288207 (m=5), A288245 (m=7), A288188 (m=8). Also see A210258 Girard-Waring.
First column of triangle is powers of m=6, A000400.

Programs

  • Java
    // See link.

A288245 Irregular triangle read by rows of normalized Girard-Waring formula (cf. A210258), for m=7 data values.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 7, -6, 49, -63, 15, 343, -588, 140, 126, -20, 2401, -5145, 1225, 2205, -175, -525, 15, 16807, -43218, 10290, 27783, -1470, -8820, 126, -2646, 630, 525, -6, 117649, -352947, 84035, 302526, -12005, -108045, 1029, -64827, 10290, 8575, -49, 15435, -441, -1225, 1
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Gregory Gerard Wojnar, Jun 06 2017

Keywords

Comments

Let SM_k = Sum( d_(t_1, t_2, t_3, ..., t_7)* eM_1^t_1 * eM_2^t_2 * ... * eM_7^t_7) summed over all length 7 integer partitions of k, i.e., 1*t_1 + 2*t_2 + 3*t_3 + ... + 7*t_7 = k, where SM_k are the averaged k-th power sum symmetric polynomials in 7 data (i.e., SM_k = S_k/7 where S_k are the k-th power sum symmetric polynomials, and where eM_k are the averaged k-th elementary symmetric polynomials, eM_k = e_k/binomial(7,k) with e_k being the k-th elementary symmetric polynomials. The data d_(t_1, t_2, t_3, ..., t_7) form a triangle, with one row for each k value starting with k=1; the number of terms in successive rows is nondecreasing.
Row sums of positive entries give 1,7,64,609,5846,56161,... Row sums of negative entries are always 1 less than corresponding row sums of positive entries.

Examples

			Triangular array begins...
1;
7,-6;
49,-63,15;
343,-588,140,126,-20;
2401,-5145,1225,2205,-175,-525,15;
16807,-43218,10290,27783,-1470,-8820,126,-2646,630,525,-6;
117649,-352947,84035,302526,-12005,-108045,1029,64827,10290,8575,-49,15435,-441,-1225,1;
		

Crossrefs

Cf. A028297 (m=2), A287768 (m=3), A288199 (m=4), A288211 (m=5), A288211 (m=6), A288188 (m=8). Also see Girard-Waring A210258.
First entries of each row of triangle are powers of m=7, A000420.

Programs

  • Java
    // See Wojnar link.

A288207 Irregular triangle read by rows: mean version of Girard-Waring formula A210258, for m = 5 data values.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 5, -4, 25, -30, 6, 125, -200, 40, 40, -4, 625, -1250, 250, 500, -25, -100, 1, 3125, -7500, 1500, 4500, -150, -1200, 6, -400, 60, 60, 15625, -43750, 8750, 35000, -875, -10500, 35, -7000, 700, 700, 1400, -14, -70
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Gregory Gerard Wojnar, Jun 06 2017

Keywords

Comments

Let SM_k = Sum( d_(t_1, t_2, ... , t_5)* eM_1^t_1 * eM_2^t_2 *...* eM_5^t_5) summed over all length 5 integer partitions of k, i.e., 1*t_1+2*t_2+...+5*t_5=k, where SM_k are the averaged k-th power sum symmetric polynomials in 5 data (i.e., SM_k = S_k/5 where S_k are the k-th power sum symmetric polynomials, and where eM_k are the averaged k-th elementary symmetric polynomials, eM_k = e_k/binomial(5,k) with e_k being the k-th elementary symmetric polynomials. The data d_(t_1, t_2,... , t_5) form a triangle, with one row for each k value starting with k=1; the number of terms in successive rows is nondecreasing.

Examples

			Triangle begins:
    1;
    5,    -4;
   25,   -30,   6;
  125,  -200,  40,  40,   -4;
  625, -1250, 250, 500, -100, -25, 1;
  ...
Above represents:
SM_1 = 1*eM_1;
SM_2 = 5*(eM_1)^2 -4*eM_2;
SM_3 = 25*(eM_1)^3 - 30*eM_1*eM_2 + 6*eM_3;
SM_4 = 125*(eM_1)^4 - 200*(eM_1)^2*eM_2 + 40*eM_1*eM_3 + 40*(eM_2)^2 - 4*eM_4;
SM_5 = 625*(eM_1)^5 - 1250*(eM_1)^3*eM_2 + 250*(eM_1)^2*eM_3 + 500*eM_1*(eM_2)^2 - 100*eM_2*eM_3 - 25*eM_1*eM_4 + 1*eM_5;
...
		

Crossrefs

Cf. A028297 (m=2), A287768 (m=3), A288199 (m=4), A288211 (m=6), A288245 (m=7), A288188 (m=8); A210258 Girard-Waring.
First column of triangle are powers of m=5, A000351.

Programs

  • Java
    // See Java program link.

A263916 Coefficients of the Faber partition polynomials.

Original entry on oeis.org

-1, -2, 1, -3, 3, -1, -4, 4, 2, -4, 1, -5, 5, 5, -5, -5, 5, -1, -6, 6, 6, -6, 3, -12, 6, -2, 9, -6, 1, -7, 7, 7, -7, 7, -14, 7, -7, -7, 21, -7, 7, -14, 7, -1, -8, 8, 8, -8, 8, -16, 8, 4, -16, -8, 24, -8, -8, 12, 24, -32, 8, 2, -16, 20, -8, 1
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Tom Copeland, Oct 29 2015

Keywords

Comments

The coefficients of the Faber polynomials F(n,b(1),b(2),...,b(n)) (Bouali, p. 52) in the order of the partitions of Abramowitz and Stegun. Compare with A115131 and A210258.
These polynomials occur in discussions of the Virasoro algebra, univalent function spaces and the Schwarzian derivative, symmetric functions, and free probability theory. They are intimately related to symmetric functions, free probability, and Appell sequences through the raising operator R = x - d log(H(D))/dD for the Appell sequence inverse pair associated to the e.g.f.s H(t)e^(xt) (cf. A094587) and (1/H(t))e^(xt) with H(0)=1.
Instances of the Faber polynomials occur in discussions of modular invariants and modular functions in the papers by Asai, Kaneko, and Ninomiya, by Ono and Rolen, and by Zagier. - Tom Copeland, Aug 13 2019
The Faber polynomials, denoted by s_n(a(t)) where a(t) is a formal power series defined by a product formula, are implicitly defined by equation 13.4 on p. 62 of Hazewinkel so as to extract the power sums of the reciprocals of the zeros of a(t). This is the Newton identity expressing the power sum symmetric polynomials in terms of the elementary symmetric polynomials/functions. - Tom Copeland, Jun 06 2020
From Tom Copeland, Oct 15 2020: (Start)
With a_n = n! * b_n = (n-1)! * c_n for n > 0, represent a function with f(0) = a_0 = b_0 = 1 as an
A) exponential generating function (e.g.f), or formal Taylor series: f(x) = e^{a.x} = 1 + Sum_{n > 0} a_n * x^n/n!
B) ordinary generating function (o.g.f.), or formal power series: f(x) = 1/(1-b.x) = 1 + Sum_{n > 0} b_n * x^n
C) logarithmic generating function (l.g.f): f(x) = 1 - log(1 - c.x) = 1 + Sum_{n > 0} c_n * x^n /n.
Expansions of log(f(x)) are given in
I) A127671 and A263634 for the e.g.f: log[ e^{a.*x} ] = e^{L.(a_1,a_2,...)x} = Sum_{n > 0} L_n(a_1,...,a_n) * x^n/n!, the logarithmic polynomials, cumulant expansion polynomials
II) A263916 for the o.g.f.: log[ 1/(1-b.x) ] = log[ 1 - F.(b_1,b_2,...)x ] = -Sum_{n > 0} F_n(b_1,...,b_n) * x^n/n, the Faber polynomials.
Expansions of exp(f(x)-1) are given in
III) A036040 for an e.g.f: exp[ e^{a.x} - 1 ] = e^{BELL.(a_1,...)x}, the Bell/Touchard/exponential partition polynomials, a.k.a. the Stirling partition polynomials of the second kind
IV) A130561 for an o.g.f.: exp[ b.x/(1-b.x) ] = e^{LAH.(b.,...)x}, the Lah partition polynomials
V) A036039 for an l.g.f.: exp[ -log(1-c.x) ] = e^{CIP.(c_1,...)x}, the cycle index polynomials of the symmetric groups S_n, a.k.a. the Stirling partition polynomials of the first kind.
Since exp and log are a compositional inverse pair, one can extract the indeterminates of the log set of partition polynomials from the exp set and vice versa. For a discussion of the relations among these polynomials and the combinatorics of connected and disconnected graphs/maps, see Novak and LaCroix on classical moments and cumulants and the two books on statistical mechanics referenced in A036040. (End)

Examples

			F(1,b1) = - b1
F(2,b1,b2) = -2 b2 + b1^2
F(3,b1,b2,b3) = -3 b3 + 3 b1 b2 - b1^3
F(4,b1,...) = -4 b4 + 4 b1 b3 + 2 b2^2  - 4 b1^2 b2 + b1^4
F(5,...) = -5 b5 + 5 b1 b4 + 5 b2 b3 - 5 b1^2 b3 - 5 b1 b2^2 + 5 b1^3 b2 - b1^5
------------------------------
IF(1,b1) = -b1
IF(2,b1,,b2) = -b2 + b1^2
IF(3,b1,b2,b3) = -2 b3 + 3 b1 b2 - b1^3
IF(4,b1,...) = -6 b4 + 8 b1 b3 + 3 b2^2  - 6 b1^2 b2 + b1^4
IF(5,...) = -24 b5 + 30 b1 b4 + 20 b2 b3 - 20 b1^2 b3 - 15 b1 b2^2 + 10 b1^3 b2 - b1^5
------------------------------
For 1/(1+x)^2 = 1- 2x + 3x^2 - 4x^3 + 5x^4 - ..., F(n,-2,3,-4,...) = (-1)^(n+1) 2.
------------------------------
F(n,x,2x,...,nx), F(n,-x,2x,-3x,...,(-1)^n n*x), and F(n,(2-x),1,0,0,...) are related to the Chebyshev polynomials through A127677 and A111125. See also A110162, A156308, A208513, A217476, and A220668.
------------------------------
For b1 = p, b2 = q, and all other indeterminates 0, see A113279 and A034807.
For b1 = -y, b2 = 1 and all other indeterminates 0, see A127672.
		

References

  • H. Airault, "Symmetric sums associated to the factorization of Grunsky coefficients," in Groups and Symmetries: From Neolithic Scots to John McKay, CRM Proceedings and Lecture Notes: Vol. 47, edited by J. Harnad and P. Winternitz, American Mathematical Society, 2009.
  • D. Bleeker and B. Booss, Index Theory with Applications to Mathematics and Physics, International Press, 2013, (see section 16.7 Characteristic Classes and Curvature).
  • M. Hazewinkel, Formal Groups and Applications, Academic Press, New York San Francisco London, 1978, p. 120.
  • F. Hirzebruch, Topological methods in algebraic geometry. Second, corrected printing of the third edition. Die Grundlehren der Mathematischen Wissenschaften, Band 131 Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg New York, 1978, p. 11 and 92.
  • D. Knutson, λ-Rings and the Representation Theory of the Symmetric Group, Lect. Notes in Math. 308, Springer-Verlag, 1973, p. 35.
  • D. Yau, Lambda-Rings, World Scientific Publishing Co., Singapore, 2010, p. 45.

Crossrefs

Programs

  • Mathematica
    F[0] = 1; F[1] = -b[1]; F[2] = b[1]^2 - 2 b[2]; F[n_] := F[n] = -b[1] F[n - 1] - Sum[b[n - k] F[k], {k, 1, n - 2}] - n b[n] // Expand;
    row[n_] := (List @@ F[n]) /. b[_] -> 1 // Reverse;
    Table[row[n], {n, 1, 8}] // Flatten // Rest (* Jean-François Alcover, Jun 12 2017 *)

Formula

-log(1 + b(1) x + b(2) x^2 + ...) = Sum_{n>=1} F(n,b(1),...,b(n)) * x^n/n.
-d(1 + b(1) x + b(2) x^2 + ...)/dx / (1 + b(1) x + b(2) x^2 + ...) = Sum_{n>=1} F(n,b(1),...,b(n)) x^(n-1).
F(n,b(1),...,b(n)) = -n*b(n) - Sum_{k=1..n-1} b(n-k)*F(k,b(1),...,b(k)).
Umbrally, with B(x) = 1 + b(1) x + b(2) x^2 + ..., B(x) = exp[log(1-F.x)] and 1/B(x) = exp[-log(1-F.x)], establishing a connection to the e.g.f. of A036039 and the symmetric polynomials.
The Stirling partition polynomials of the first kind St1(n,b1,b2,...,bn;-1) = IF(n,b1,b2,...,bn) (cf. the Copeland link Lagrange a la Lah, signed A036039, and p. 184 of Airault and Bouali), i.e., the cyclic partition polynomials for the symmetric groups, and the Faber polynomials form an inverse pair for isolating the indeterminates in their definition, for example, F(3,IF(1,b1),IF(2,b1,b2)/2!,IF(3,b1,b2,b3)/3!)= b3, with bk = b(k), and IF(3,F(1,b1),F(2,b1,b2),F(3,b1,b2,b3))/3!= b3.
The polynomials specialize to F(n,t,t,...) = (1-t)^n - 1.
See Newton Identities on Wikipedia on relation between the power sum symmetric polynomials and the complete homogeneous and elementary symmetric polynomials for an expression in multinomials for the coefficients of the Faber polynomials.
(n-1)! F(n,x[1],x[2]/2!,...,x[n]/n!) = - p_n(x[1],...,x[n]), where p_n are the cumulants of A127671 expressed in terms of the moments x[n]. - Tom Copeland, Nov 17 2015
-(n-1)! F(n,B(1,x[1]),B(2,x[1],x[2])/2!,...,B(n,x[1],...,x[n])/n!) = x[n] provides an extraction of the indeterminates of the complete Bell partition polynomials B(n,x[1],...,x[n]) of A036040. Conversely, IF(n,-x[1],-x[2],-x[3]/2!,...,-x[n]/(n-1)!) = B(n,x[1],...,x[n]). - Tom Copeland, Nov 29 2015
For a square matrix M, determinant(I - x M) = exp[-Sum_{k>0} (trace(M^k) x^k / k)] = Sum_{n>0} [ P_n(-trace(M),-trace(M^2),...,-trace(M^n)) x^n/n! ] = 1 + Sum_{n>0} (d[n] x^n), where P_n(x[1],...,x[n]) are the cycle index partition polynomials of A036039 and d[n] = P_n(-trace(M),-trace(M^2),...,-trace(M^n)) / n!. Umbrally, det(I - x M)= exp[log(1 - b. x)] = exp[P.(-b_1,..,-b_n)x] = 1 / (1-d.x), where b_k = tr(M^k). Then F(n,d[1],...,d[n]) = tr[M^n]. - Tom Copeland, Dec 04 2015
Given f(x) = -log(g(x)) = -log(1 + b(1) x + b(2) x^2 + ...) = Sum_{n>=1} F(n,b(1),...,b(n)) * x^n/n, action on u_n = F(n,b(1),...,b(n)) with A133932 gives the compositional inverse finv(x) of f(x), with F(1,b(1)) not equal to zero, and f(g(finv(x))) = f(e^(-x)). Note also that exp(f(x)) = 1 / g(x) = exp[Sum_{n>=1} F(n,b(1),...,b(n)) * x^n/n] implies relations among A036040, A133314, A036039, and the Faber polynomials. - Tom Copeland, Dec 16 2015
The Dress and Siebeneicher paper gives combinatorial interpretations and various relations that the Faber polynomials must satisfy for integral values of its arguments. E.g., Eqn. (1.2) p. 2 implies [2 * F(1,-1) + F(2,-1,b2) + F(4,-1,b2,b3,b4)] mod(4) = 0. This equation implies that [F(n,b1,b2,...,bn)-(-b1)^n] mod(n) = 0 for n prime. - Tom Copeland, Feb 01 2016
With the elementary Schur polynomials S(n,a_1,a_2,...,a_n) = Lah(n,a_1,a_2,...,a_n) / n!, where Lah(n,...) are the refined Lah polynomials of A130561, F(n,S(1,a_1),S(2,a_1,a_2),...,S(n,a_1,...,a_n)) = -n * a_n since sum_{n > 0} a_n x^n = log[sum{n >= 0} S(n,a_1,...,a_n) x^n]. Conversely, S(n,-F(1,a_1),-F(2,a_1,a_2)/2,...,-F(n,a_1,...,a_n)/n) = a_n. - Tom Copeland, Sep 07 2016
See Corollary 3.1.3 on p. 38 of Ardila and Copeland's two MathOverflow links to relate the Faber polynomials, with arguments being the signed elementary symmetric polynomials, to the logarithm of determinants, traces of powers of an adjacency matrix, and number of walks on graphs. - Tom Copeland, Jan 02 2017
The umbral inverse polynomials IF appear on p. 19 of Konopelchenko as partial differential operators. - Tom Copeland, Nov 19 2018

Extensions

More terms from Jean-François Alcover, Jun 12 2017

A115131 Waring numbers for power sums functions in terms of elementary symmetric functions; irregular triangle T(n,k), read by rows, for n >= 1 and 1 <= k <= A000041(n).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, -2, 1, 3, -3, 1, -4, 4, 2, -4, 1, 5, -5, -5, 5, 5, -5, 1, -6, 6, 6, 3, -6, -12, -2, 6, 9, -6, 1, 7, -7, -7, -7, 7, 14, 7, 7, -7, -21, -7, 7, 14, -7, 1, -8, 8, 8, 8, 4, -8, -16, -16, -8, -8, 8, 24, 12, 24, 2, -8, -32, -16, 8, 20, -8, 1, 9, -9, -9, -9, -9, 9, 18, 18, 9, 9, 18, 3, -9, -27, -27, -27, -27, -9, 9, 36, 18, 54, 9, -9, -45, -30, 9, 27, -9, 1
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Wolfdieter Lang, Jan 13 2006

Keywords

Comments

Examples

			First few rows of triangle T(n,k) are as follows (see the link for rows 1..10):
   1;
  -2,  1;
   3, -3,  1;
  -4,  4,  2, -4, 1;
   5, -5, -5,  5, 5, -5, 1;
  ...
n=4: N*t^{(N)}_4 = -4*(sigma_4)^1 + 4*(sigma_1)*(sigma_3) + 2*(sigma_2)^2 -4*(sigma_1)^2*(sigma_2) + 1*(sigma_1)^4.
  (For 2 <= N < 4, one puts sigma_{N+1} = 0 = ... = sigma_4 = 0.) This becomes Sum_{k = 1..N} (x_k)^4 if the sigma functions are written in terms of the variables x_1, x_2, ..., x_N. E.g., for N=2: 0 + 0 + 2*(x_1*x_2)^2 -4*(x_1 + x_2)^2*(x_1*x_2) + 1*(x_1 + x_2)^4 = (x_1)^4 + (x_2)^4.
		

References

  • P. A. MacMahon, Combinatory Analysis, 2 vols., Chelsea, NY, 1960, see p. 5 (with a_k -> sigma_k).

Crossrefs

Cf. A210258 (in another ordering of partitions), A132460 (N=2), A325477 (N=3),
A324602 (N=4).

Formula

T(n,k) = (n/m(n,k))*A111786(n,k) for the k-th partition of n with m(n,k) parts in the Abramowitz-Stegun order for n >= 1 and k = 1..p(n), where p(n) := A000041(n).
Explicitly: T(n,k) = (-1)^(n + m(n,k)) * n * (m(n,k) - 1)!/(Product_{j = 1..n} e(k,j)!), where m(n,k):= Sum_{j = 1..n} e(k,j), with [1^e(k, 1), 2^e(k,2), ..., n^e(k,n)] being the k-th partition of n in the mentioned order. For m(n,k), see A036043.

Extensions

Various sections edited by Petros Hadjicostas, Dec 14 2019

A319225 Number of acyclic spanning subgraphs of a cycle graph, where the sizes of the connected components are given by the prime indices of n.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 2, 1, 3, 3, 4, 1, 2, 4, 5, 4, 6, 5, 5, 1, 7, 5, 8, 5, 6, 6, 9, 5, 3, 7, 2, 6, 10, 12, 11, 1, 7, 8, 7, 9, 12, 9, 8, 6, 13, 14, 14, 7, 7, 10, 15, 6, 4, 7, 9, 8, 16, 7, 8, 7, 10, 11, 17, 21, 18, 12, 8, 1, 9, 16, 19, 9, 11, 16, 20, 14, 21, 13, 8, 10, 9, 18
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Gus Wiseman, Sep 13 2018

Keywords

Comments

a(1) = 1 by convention.
A prime index of n is a number m such that prime(m) divides n.

Examples

			Of the cycle ({1,2,3}, {(1,2),(2,3),(3,1)}) the spanning subgraphs where the sizes of connected components are (2,1) are: ({1,2,3}, {(1,2)}), ({1,2,3}, {(2,3)}), ({1,2,3}, {(3,1)}). Since the prime indices of 6 are (2,1), we conclude a(6) = 3.
		

Crossrefs

Programs

  • Mathematica
    csm[s_]:=With[{c=Select[Tuples[Range[Length[s]],2],And[OrderedQ[#],UnsameQ@@#,Length[Intersection@@s[[#]]]>0]&]},If[c=={},s,csm[Union[Append[Delete[s,List/@c[[1]]],Union@@s[[c[[1]]]]]]]]];
    Table[Length[With[{m=If[n==1,{},Flatten[Cases[FactorInteger[n],{p_,k_}:>Table[PrimePi[p],{k}]]]]},Select[Subsets[Partition[Range[Total[m]],2,1,1],{Total[m]-PrimeOmega[n]}],Sort[Length/@csm[Union[#,List/@Range[Total[m]]]]]==m&]]],{n,30}]

Formula

a(n) = A056239(n) * (Omega(n) - 1)! / Product c_i! where c_i is the multiplicity of prime(i) in the prime factorization of n.

A319226 Irregular triangle where T(n,k) is the number of acyclic spanning subgraphs of a cycle graph, where the sizes of the connected components are given by the integer partition with Heinz number A215366(n,k).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 1, 3, 3, 1, 4, 2, 4, 4, 1, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 1, 6, 6, 6, 3, 2, 6, 12, 9, 6, 6, 1, 7, 7, 7, 7, 14, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 21, 14, 7, 7, 1, 8, 8, 8, 4, 8, 8, 8, 16, 16, 8, 2, 24, 8, 24, 12, 16, 8, 32, 20, 8, 8, 1, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 18, 9, 9, 9, 18, 18, 3, 27, 27
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Gus Wiseman, Sep 13 2018

Keywords

Comments

A refinement of A135278, up the sign these are the coefficients appearing in the expansion of power-sum symmetric functions in terms of elementary or homogeneous symmetric functions.

Examples

			Triangle begins:
  1
  2  1
  3  3  1
  4  2  4  4  1
  5  5  5  5  5  5  1
  6  6  6  3  2  6 12  9  6  6  1
The fourth row corresponds to the symmetric function identities:
  p(4) = -4 e(4) + 2 e(22) + 4 e(31) - 4 e(211) + e(1111)
  p(4) =  4 h(4) - 2 h(22) - 4 h(31) + 4 h(211) - h(1111).
		

Crossrefs

Signed versions with different row-orderings are A115131, A210258, A263916.

Programs

  • Mathematica
    primeMS[n_]:=If[n==1,{},Flatten[Cases[FactorInteger[n],{p_,k_}:>Table[PrimePi[p],{k}]]]];
    csm[s_]:=With[{c=Select[Tuples[Range[Length[s]],2],And[OrderedQ[#],UnsameQ@@#,Length[Intersection@@s[[#]]]>0]&]},If[c=={},s,csm[Union[Append[Delete[s,List/@c[[1]]],Union@@s[[c[[1]]]]]]]]];
    Table[Length[Select[Subsets[Partition[Range[n],2,1,1],{n-PrimeOmega[m]}],Sort[Length/@csm[Union[#,List/@Range[n]]]]==primeMS[m]&]],{n,6},{m,Sort[Times@@Prime/@#&/@IntegerPartitions[n]]}]
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