A244408 -id:A244408 - cp's OEIS frontend

A279040 Even numbers 2k such that the smallest prime p satisfying p+q=2k (q prime) is greater than or equal to sqrt(k).

4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 24, 28, 30, 36, 38, 42, 48, 54, 60, 68, 80, 90, 96, 98, 122, 124, 126, 128, 148, 150, 190, 192, 208, 210, 212, 220, 222, 224, 302, 306, 308, 326, 330, 332, 346, 368, 398, 418, 458, 488, 518, 538, 540, 542, 556, 640, 692, 710, 796, 854, 908, 962, 968, 992, 1006

Offset: 1

Corinna Regina Böger, Dec 04 2016

nonn

a(n) is an extension of A244408.
It is conjectured that a(230) = 503222 is the last term. Oliveira e Silva's work shows that there are no more terms below 4*10^18.
The sequence definition is equivalent to: "Even integers k such that there exists a prime p with p = min{q: q prime and (k - q) prime} and k < 2*p^2" and therefore this is a member of the EGN- family (Cf. A307782). - Corinna Regina Böger, May 01 2019

			The smallest prime for 42 is 5 with 5 > sqrt(21), but not smaller than sqrt(42), and therefore 42 does not belong to A244408. The smallest prime for 38 is 7, and 7 >= sqrt(38), and therefore 38 also belongs to A244408.

Corinna Regina Böger, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..230
Tomás Oliveira e Silva, Goldbach conjecture verification
Index entries for sequences related to Goldbach conjecture

Cf. A002373, A020481, A025018, A025019, A093161, A244408, A307542, A307782

Select[Range[4, 1006, 2], Function[n, Select[#, PrimeQ@ Last@ # &][[1, 1]] >= Sqrt[n/2] &@ Map[{#, n - #} &, Prime@ Range@ PrimePi@ n]]] (* Michael De Vlieger, Dec 06 2016 *)

isok(n) = forprime(p=2, n, if (isprime(n-p), if (p >= sqrt(n/2), return(1), return(0))));
lista(nn) = forstep(n=2, nn, 2, if (isok(n), print1(n, ", "))) \\ Michel Marcus, Dec 04 2016

A306746 A Goldbug number is an even number 2m for which there exists a subset of the prime non-divisors, P={p1, p2, p3, ..., pk}, of 2m where (2m-p1)(2m-p2)(2m-p3)...(2m-pk) has only elements of P as factors and one of the pi is between m/2 and m for even m and between (m+1)/2 and m-1 for odd m.

Original entry on oeis.org

128, 1718, 1862, 1928, 6142

Offset: 1

Craig J. Beisel, Mar 07 2019

A Goldbug number is an even number 2m for which there exists some subset of the prime non-divisors (PNDs) of 2m, 2 < p1 < p2 < p3 < ... < pk < m, such that (2m-p1)*(2m-p2)*(2m-p3)*...*(2m-pk) has only p1,p2,p3,...,pk as factors and one of the pi is between n/2 and n for even n and between (n+1)/2 and n-1 for odd n. We do not need to consider the case where n is prime, since then n itself is a Goldbach pair. A Goldbug number is called order k if the maximal subset satisfying the property is of size k. These numbers arise from Goldbug's Algorithm which attempts to find a Goldbach pair for a particular even number by starting with a given PND p1 and successively adding the factors of the product (2m - p1)*...*(2m - pk) to the search until a pair is found. Goldbug numbers are those even numbers for which Goldbug's Algorithm is not guaranteed to find a Goldbach pair since it could reach a subset of the PNDs which does not contain new information about additional PNDs to add to the search.
Goldbug numbers are a special case of Basic Pipes as defined by Wu. It has been shown computationally a(7) > 5*10^8. See link.
Goldbug numbers serve as a link between Goldbach's conjecture and the Pillai conjecture since order 2 Goldbug numbers represent solutions to its generalized difference equation. For example, sequence A057896 demonstrates there are no order 2 Goldbugs less than 10^24 since it would imply additional solutions to the equation a^x-a = b^y-b. In fact, theorem 3 from Scott[1993] implies that no additional order 2 Goldbugs exist at all.

			Although 2200 and the prime non-divisors 3 and 13 might seem to satisfy the definition since (2200 - 13)*(2200 - 3) = 4804839 = 3^7*13^3, 2200 is not an order k=2 Goldbug since neither 3 or 13 is in the interval (n/2,n).
A higher-order example is the term 128, for which there exists a subset of the PNDs such that the corresponding product (128 - 3)*(128 - 5)*(128 - 7)*(128 - 11)*(128 - 13)*(128 - 17)*(128 - 23)*(128 - 29)*(128 - 37)*(128 - 41)*(128 - 43)*(128 - 47)*(128 - 53)*(128 - 59) = 8147166895749452778629296875 = (3^14)*(5^8)*(7^2)*(11^3)*(13^2)*17*(23^2)*29*37*41 and 37 and 41 are in the interval (32,64). Therefore, 128 is a Goldbug number of order k=14.

Craig J. Beisel, Maximal Sets of PNDs Satisfying Goldbug Property for First 5 Terms
Craig J. Beisel, Enumeration of all Goldbug subsets for the term 128.
Craig J. Beisel, Goldbug's Algorithm.
Andrzej Bożek, Exceptional autonomous components of Goldbach factorization graphs, arXiv:1909.09900 [math.NT], 2019.
Bert Dobbelaere, C++ Program.
Christian Goldbach, Letter to L. Euler, June 7, 1742.
Mathematics Stack Exchange, Searching for Goldbug Numbers.
Reese Scott, On the Equations p^x - b^y = c and a^x + b^y = c^z, Journal of Number Theory, Volume 44, Issue 2, June 1993.
Willie Wu, Pipe Theory.
Index entries for sequences related to Goldbach conjecture

Cf. A244408, A057896.

isgbk(n,k) = {if (n % 2, return (0)); f=factor(n) [, 1]; vp = setminus(primes([3, n/2]), f~); forsubset([#vp,k], s, w=vecextract(vp, s); if(#w>1 && setminus(factor(x=prod(i=1, #s, n-w[i]))[, 1]~, Set(w))==[], return(1)););return(0);} \\ tests if n is order k Goldbug;

A307542 Even integers k such that there exists a prime p with p = min{q: q prime and (k - q) prime} and (k - p) < p^2.

Original entry on oeis.org

4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 18, 24, 28, 30, 38, 54, 98, 122, 124, 126, 128, 220, 302, 308, 332, 346, 368, 488, 556, 854, 908, 962, 968, 992, 1144, 1150, 1274, 1354, 1360, 1362, 1382, 1408, 1424, 1532, 1768, 1856, 1928, 2078, 2188, 2200, 2438, 2512, 2530, 2618, 2642, 3458, 3526, 3818, 3848

Offset: 1

Corinna Regina Böger, Apr 14 2019

nonn

This sequence is an extension of A244408. It is equivalent to "Even numbers 2n such that the smallest prime p satisfying p+q=2n (p, q prime, p<=q) also satisfies p^2+p>2n." If p satisfies additionally p^2 < 2n the corresponding even numbers do not belong to A244408. These numbers are 10, 28, 54, 124, 368, 968, 3526. It is conjectured that a(81)=63274 is the last term. There are no more terms below 4*10^18.

			10 = 3 + 7, 3^2 = 9 < 10 and 9 > 7 = q, therefore it is in this sequence.

Corinna Regina Böger, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..81

Cf. A244408, A093161, A279040.

isS := proc(n) local p; for p from 2 while p^2 < (n-p) do
if isprime(p) and isprime(n-p) then return false fi od; true end:
isa := n -> irem(n, 2) = 0 and isS(n): select(isa, [$4..3848]); # Peter Luschny, Apr 26 2019

Select[Range[4, 4000, 2], #2 > Sqrt@ #1 & @@ SelectFirst[IntegerPartitions[#, {2}], AllTrue[#, PrimeQ] &] &] (* Michael De Vlieger, Apr 21 2019 *)

noSpecialGoldbach(n) = forprime(p=2, n/2, if(p^2+p2 && n%2 == 0 && noSpecialGoldbach(n)

A307782 Even integers k such that there exists a prime p with p=min{q: q prime and (k-q) prime} and k < p^3.

Original entry on oeis.org

4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 36, 38, 42, 48, 52, 54, 58, 60, 66, 68, 72, 78, 80, 84, 88, 90, 94, 96, 98, 102, 108, 114, 118, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128, 138, 146, 148, 150, 158, 164, 174, 180, 188, 190, 192, 206, 208, 210, 212, 218, 220, 222, 224, 240, 248, 250, 252, 258, 264, 270, 278, 290, 292, 294, 300, 302, 304, 306, 308, 324, 326, 328, 330, 332, 338, 346

Offset: 1

Corinna Regina Böger, Apr 28 2019

nonn

[Please keep the larger data section as it shows where the sequence first differs from A093161.]
This is another member of a family of sequences concerning the Strong Goldbach Conjecture, which I define as follows: Let (x, y, z) be real numbers with x >= 2, y > 0, z >= 0. An even integer k is then called an (x, y, z) Extraordinary Goldbach Number (EGN) if there exists a prime p with p=min{q: q prime and (k-q) prime} and (k - z*p) < y*p^x. a(n) represents the (3, 1, 0) extraordinary Goldbach numbers. A093161 consists of (3, 1, 1) EGN, A307542 are the (2, 1, 1) EGN, A279040 are the (2, 2, 0) EGN and A244408 are the (2, 1, 0).
a(104809) is very probably the last term and there are no more terms below 4*10^18.
There are only 11 terms in A093161 that are not in this sequence; these are 344, 1338, 12184, 12186, 24400, 148912, 1030342, 2571406, 3308008, 5929868, 15813352.

			344 is not in the sequence, because the smallest prime p for 344 is 7 with 7^3 = 343 < 344, whereas it is in A093161 due to 344 - 7 = 337 < 7^3.

Corinna Regina Böger, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
Corinna Regina Böger, a-file, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..104809

Cf. A093161, A244408, A279040, A307542.

extraordinaryGoldbach(x,y,z,k) = forprime(p=2, k/2, if(isprime(k-p), if(y*p^x+z*p>=k, return(1),return(0)))); 0
is(n) = n%2 == 0 && extraordinaryGoldbach(3, 1, 0, n)

A273457 Even numbers 2n that do not have a Goldbach partition 2n = p + q (p < q; p, q prime) satisfying sqrt(n) < p <= sqrt(2n).

Original entry on oeis.org

2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 30, 32, 38, 40, 44, 52, 56, 58, 62, 64, 70, 72, 76, 82, 84, 88, 92, 94, 98, 100, 102, 104, 106, 108, 110, 112, 114, 116, 118, 120, 122, 126, 128, 130, 132, 134, 136, 140, 144, 146, 152, 154, 156, 158, 164, 166, 172, 182, 188, 196, 198, 200, 214

Offset: 1

Corinna Regina Böger, Dec 11 2016

nonn

This is an extension of A244408.
There are 74 elements of A279040 that are also in this sequence. These common elements are in A244408.
It is conjectured that a(12831) = 15702604 is the last term. There are no more terms below 4*10^10.

			32 is in the sequence because 32 has two Goldbach partitions: 32 = 3 + 29 with 3 < sqrt(16) and 32 = 13 + 19 with 13 > sqrt(32).

Corinna Regina Böger, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..12831

Cf. A002373, A020481, A025018, A025019, A244408, A279040.

noGoldbatSqrQ[n_] := Block[{p = NextPrime[Sqrt[n/2]]}, While[2p < n && !PrimeQ[n - p], p = NextPrime@ p]; p > Sqrt[n]]; noGoldbatSqrQ[4] = True; Select[2Range[107], noGoldbatSqrQ] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Dec 15 2016 *)

noSpecialGoldbach(n) = forprime(p=sqrtint(n/2-1) + 1, sqrtint(n), if(p<(n-p) && isprime(n-p), return(0))); 1
is(n) = n%2 == 0 && noSpecialGoldbach(n)

A338776 a(n) = card(GB(2*n)), where GB(n) is the set of primes which are Goldbach-associated with n.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 3, 2, 1, 3, 1, 2, 3, 2, 2, 3, 2, 2, 4, 2, 2, 4, 2, 3, 5, 2, 3, 4, 1, 4, 5, 3, 3, 5, 3, 4, 7, 3, 3, 8, 3, 4, 6, 3, 5, 7, 3, 4, 6, 4, 5, 8, 4, 5, 11, 4, 4, 10, 3, 6, 8, 4, 4, 6, 6, 5, 9, 5, 4, 11, 3, 6, 9, 4, 6, 8, 4, 5, 11

Offset: 0

Peter Luschny, Nov 08 2020

nonn

For an integer n >= 0 we say a prime p is gb-associated with n if sqrt(n) < p <= n/2 and no prime q which is <= sqrt(n) divides p*(p - n). Let GB(n) be the set of integers which are gb-associated with n (for examples see A338777). a(n) is the number of primes which are gb-associated with n.

If a(n) > 0 for n >= 3 then Goldbach's conjecture is true.

			Comparison of the sets whose cardinality is given by A002375(n) resp. a(n).
m  A002375          A338776
32 [29, 19]         [19]
34 [31, 29, 23, 17] [23, 17]
36 [31, 29, 23, 19] [29, 23, 19]
38 [31, 19]         [31, 19]

Peter Luschny, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1000

Cf. A338777, A002375, A244408.

# [using gb_associated from A338777]
def A338776(n):
    return len(gb_associated(2*n))
print([A338776(n) for n in range(87)])

a(n) <= A002375(n).

a(n) = A002375(n) <=> n in A244408 (for n >= 2).

A245077 Largest k such that the smallest prime satisfying Goldbach's conjecture is less than or equal to (2n)^(1/k).

Original entry on oeis.org

2, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 3, 3, 2, 1, 3, 2, 3, 3, 2, 3, 2, 2, 3, 2, 2, 3, 3, 2, 2, 3, 2, 3, 3, 2, 2, 4, 2, 4, 2, 2, 4, 2, 2, 1, 4, 2, 4, 4, 2, 4, 4, 2, 4, 2, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 4

Offset: 2

Jon Perry, Jul 11 2014

nonn

The 1's appear as in A244408.

			For n=5 we have 3+7=10. As rt3(10)<3<sqrt(10), a(5)=2.

Jens Kruse Andersen, Table of n, a(n) for n = 2..10000

Cf. A244408.

Cf. A020481, A002373, A025018, A025019.

for (n=2, 100, p=2; while(!isprime(2*n-p), p=nextprime(p+1)); k=1; while(p<=(2*n)^(1/k), k++); print1(k-1", ")) \\ Jens Kruse Andersen, Jul 12 2014

Definition corrected by Jens Kruse Andersen, Jul 12 2014

A274189 Even numbers 2n that satisfy an extended Goldbach conjecture: They have at least one Goldbach partition 2n = p + q (p <= q; p, q prime) that satisfies p <= sqrt(n), at least one with sqrt(n) < p <= sqrt(2n) and at least one with p > sqrt(2n).

Original entry on oeis.org

34, 46, 50, 66, 74, 78, 86, 138, 142, 160, 162, 168, 170, 174, 176, 178, 180, 184, 186, 194, 202, 204, 206, 234, 236, 238, 240, 242, 246, 252, 254, 264, 270, 276, 282, 284, 290, 294, 296, 298, 300, 310, 320, 324, 328, 334, 348, 354, 364, 366, 370, 372, 376, 378, 384, 386, 390, 392, 396, 400

Offset: 1

Corinna Regina Böger, Dec 11 2016

nonn

This sequence contains all even numbers that are not in A279040 or in A273457. I have verified numerically for all even numbers 4 < 2n < 4*10^10 that a Goldbach partition with the additional condition p > sqrt(2n) exists. It is conjectured that a(n) = 2*(n+12987) for all n > 7838315. If this conjecture is true, all even numbers 2n > 15702604 have all three types of Goldbach partitions and therefore satisfy the "extended Goldbach conjecture".

			a(1) = 34 = 3 + 31 = 5 + 29 = 11 + 23 = 17 + 17. Since 3 < sqrt(17) < 5 < sqrt(34) < 11 < 17, all three types of Goldbach partitions exist for 34.

Corinna Regina Böger, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..100000
Index entries for sequences related to Goldbach conjecture

Cf. A002373, A020481, A025018, A025019, A244408, A273457, A279040.

GoldbachRange(n,mn,mx)=forprime(p=mn,mx, if(isprime(n-p), return(1))); 0
is(n)=n%2==0 && GoldbachRange(n, 2, sqrtint(n/2)) && GoldbachRange(n, sqrtint(n/2-1)+1, sqrtint(n)) && GoldbachRange(n, sqrtint(n-1)+1, n/2) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Dec 16 2016

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A279040 Even numbers 2k such that the smallest prime p satisfying p+q=2k (q prime) is greater than or equal to sqrt(k).

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A307542 Even integers k such that there exists a prime p with p = min{q: q prime and (k - q) prime} and (k - p) < p^2.

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A307782 Even integers k such that there exists a prime p with p=min{q: q prime and (k-q) prime} and k < p^3.

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A273457 Even numbers 2n that do not have a Goldbach partition 2n = p + q (p < q; p, q prime) satisfying sqrt(n) < p <= sqrt(2n).

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A338776 a(n) = card(GB(2*n)), where GB(n) is the set of primes which are Goldbach-associated with n.

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A245077 Largest k such that the smallest prime satisfying Goldbach's conjecture is less than or equal to (2n)^(1/k).

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A274189 Even numbers 2n that satisfy an extended Goldbach conjecture: They have at least one Goldbach partition 2n = p + q (p <= q; p, q prime) that satisfies p <= sqrt(n), at least one with sqrt(n) < p <= sqrt(2n) and at least one with p > sqrt(2n).

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