A281446 -id:A281446 - cp's OEIS frontend

A001174 Number of oriented graphs (i.e., digraphs with no bidirected edges) on n unlabeled nodes. Also number of complete digraphs on n unlabeled nodes. Number of antisymmetric relations (i.e., oriented graphs with loops) on n unlabeled nodes is A083670.

1, 2, 7, 42, 582, 21480, 2142288, 575016219, 415939243032, 816007449011040, 4374406209970747314, 64539836938720749739356, 2637796735571225009053373136, 300365896158980530053498490893399

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane

F. Harary and E. M. Palmer, Graphical Enumeration, Academic Press, NY, 1973, p. 133, c_p.
M. D. McIlroy, Calculation of numbers of structures of relations on finite sets, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Quarterly Progress Reports, No. 17, Sept. 15, 1955, pp. 14-22.
N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Andrew Howroyd, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..50
P. J. Cameron, Sequences realized by oligomorphic permutation groups, J. Integ. Seqs. Vol. 3 (2000), #00.1.5.
R. L. Davis, The number of structures of finite relations, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 4 (1953), 486-495.
Musa Demirci, Ugur Ana, and Ismail Naci Cangul, Properties of Characteristic Polynomials of Oriented Graphs, Proc. Int'l Conf. Adv. Math. Comp. (ICAMC 2020) Springer, see p. 60.
F. Harary and E. M. Palmer, Enumeration of mixed graphs, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc., 17 (1966), 682-687.
T. R. Hoffman and J. P. Solazzo, Complex Two-Graphs via Equiangular Tight Frames, arXiv preprint arXiv:1408.0334 [math.CO], 2014-2017.
M. D. McIlroy, Calculation of numbers of structures of relations on finite sets, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Quarterly Progress Reports, No. 17, Sep. 15, 1955, pp. 14-22. [Annotated scanned copy]
G. Pfeiffer, Counting Transitive Relations, Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 7 (2004), Article 04.3.2.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Oriented Graph

Cf. A000595, A001173, A281446.

Cf. A047656 (labeled case), A054941 (connected labeled case), A086345 (connected unlabeled case).

permcount[v_] := Module[{m = 1, s = 0, k = 0, t}, For[i = 1, i <= Length[v], i++, t = v[[i]]; k = If[i > 1 && t == v[[i - 1]], k + 1, 1]; m *= t*k; s += t]; s!/m];
edges[v_] := Sum[GCD[v[[i]], v[[j]]], {i, 2, Length[v]}, {j, 1, i - 1}] + Total @ Quotient[v - 1, 2];
a[n_] := Module[{s = 0}, Do[s += permcount[p]*3^edges[p], {p, IntegerPartitions[n]}]; s/n!];
Array[a, 15] (* Jean-François Alcover, Jul 06 2018, after Andrew Howroyd *)

permcount(v) = {my(m=1,s=0,k=0,t); for(i=1,#v,t=v[i]; k=if(i>1&&t==v[i-1],k+1,1); m*=t*k;s+=t); s!/m}
edges(v) = {sum(i=2, #v, sum(j=1, i-1, gcd(v[i],v[j]))) + sum(i=1, #v, (v[i]-1)\2)}
a(n) = {my(s=0); forpart(p=n, s+=permcount(p)*3^edges(p)); s/n!} \\ Andrew Howroyd, Oct 23 2017

from itertools import combinations
from math import prod, gcd, factorial
from fractions import Fraction
from sympy.utilities.iterables import partitions
def A001174(n): return int(sum(Fraction(3**(sum(p[r]*p[s]*gcd(r,s) for r,s in combinations(p.keys(),2))+sum((q-1>>1)*r+(q*r*(r-1)>>1) for q, r in p.items())),prod(q**r*factorial(r) for q, r in p.items())) for p in partitions(n))) # Chai Wah Wu, Jul 15 2024

There's an explicit formula - see for example Harary and Palmer (book), Eq. (5.4.14).

a(n) ~ 3^(n*(n-1)/2)/n! [McIlroy, 1955]. - Vaclav Kotesovec, Dec 19 2016

More terms from Vladeta Jovovic

Revised description from Vladeta Jovovic, Jan 20 2005

A086345 Number of connected oriented graphs (i.e., connected directed graphs with no bidirected edges) on n nodes.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 5, 34, 535, 20848, 2120098, 572849763, 415361983540, 815590925440865, 4373589784210012634, 64535461714821630421106, 2637732191356603658136444467, 300363258297687600380548275359231

Offset: 0

Eric W. Weisstein, Jul 16 2003

nonn

Andrew Howroyd, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..50
Musa Demirci, Ugur Ana, and Ismail Naci Cangul, Properties of Characteristic Polynomials of Oriented Graphs, Proc. Int'l Conf. Adv. Math. Comp. (ICAMC 2020) Springer, see p. 61.
Chathura Kankanamge, Multiple Continuous Subgraph Query Optimization Using Delta Subgraph Queries, Master Maths Thesis, Univ. of Waterloo, 2018.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Oriented Graph

Cf. A054941 (labeled case), A001174, A281446 (multisets).

permcount[v_] := Module[{m = 1, s = 0, k = 0, t}, For[i = 1, i <= Length[v], i++, t = v[[i]]; k = If[i > 1 && t == v[[i - 1]], k + 1, 1]; m *= t*k; s += t]; s!/m];
edges[v_] := Sum[GCD[v[[i]], v[[j]]], {i, 2, Length[v]}, {j, 1, i - 1}] + Total @ Quotient[v - 1, 2];
a1174[n_] := Module[{s = 0}, Do[s += permcount[p]*3^edges[p], {p, IntegerPartitions[n]}]; s/n!];
b = Array[a1174, 15];
mob[m_, n_] := If[Mod[m, n] == 0, MoebiusMu[m/n], 0];
EULERi[b_] := Module[{a, c, i, d}, c = {}; For[i = 1, i <= Length[b], i++, c = Append[c, i*b[[i]] - Sum[c[[d]]*b[[i - d]], {d, 1, i - 1}]]]; a = {}; For[i = 1, i <= Length[b], i++, a = Append[a, (1/i)*Sum[mob[i, d]*c[[d]], {d, 1, i}]]]; Return[a]];
A086345 = EULERi[b] (* Jean-François Alcover, Jul 06 2018, after Andrew Howroyd *)

from functools import lru_cache
from itertools import combinations
from math import prod, factorial, gcd
from fractions import Fraction
from sympy.utilities.iterables import partitions
from sympy import mobius, divisors
def A086345(n):
    @lru_cache(maxsize=None)
    def b(n): return int(sum(Fraction(3**(sum(p[r]*p[s]*gcd(r,s) for r,s in combinations(p.keys(),2))+sum((q-1>>1)*r+(q*r*(r-1)>>1) for q, r in p.items())),prod(q**r*factorial(r) for q, r in p.items())) for p in partitions(n)))
    @lru_cache(maxsize=None)
    def c(n): return n*b(n)-sum(c(k)*b(n-k) for k in range(1,n))
    return sum(mobius(d)*c(n//d) for d in divisors(n,generator=True))//n if n else 1 # Chai Wah Wu, Jul 15 2024

Inverse Euler transform of A001174. - Andrew Howroyd, Nov 03 2017

More terms from Vladeta Jovovic, Jul 19 2003

a(0)=1 prepended by Andrew Howroyd, Sep 09 2018

cp's OEIS Frontend

A001174 Number of oriented graphs (i.e., digraphs with no bidirected edges) on n unlabeled nodes. Also number of complete digraphs on n unlabeled nodes. Number of antisymmetric relations (i.e., oriented graphs with loops) on n unlabeled nodes is A083670.

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