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This is also "minimal subset/superset bitmask" transform of the nonnegative integers, A001477. In that transform, applicable to any N -> N injection f, we start from a(0) = 0, after which for n > 0, if there are one or more k_i that are not already present in the sequence among terms a(0) .. a(n-1), and for which bitor(k_i,a(n-1)) = a(n-1), then a(n) = that k_i for which f(k_i) is minimized; otherwise, a(n) = that h_i for which f(h_i) is minimized among the infinite set of numbers h_i for which bitand(h_i,a(n-1)) = a(n-1) and that are not yet present in the sequence. In this case f(n) = A001477(n) = n.

The original, equivalent definition is:

a(0) = 0 and for n > 0, if there are one or more k_i that are not already present in the sequence among terms a(0) .. a(n-1), and for which bitor(k_i,a(n-1)) = a(n-1), then a(n) = that k_i which gives minimum value of A019565(k_i) amongst them; otherwise, when no such k_i exists, a(n) = the least number not already present that can be obtained by toggling a single 0-bit of a(n-1) to 1. This is done by trying to toggle successive vacant bits from the least significant end of the binary representation of a(n-1), until such a sum a(n-1) + 2^h (= a(n-1) bitxor 2^h) is found that is not already present in the sequence.

Shares with permutations like A003188, A006068, A300838, A302846, A303765 and A304083 the property that when moving from any a(n) to a(n+1) either a subset of 0-bits are toggled on (changed to 1's), or a subset of 1-bits are toggled off (changed to 0's), but no both kind of changes may occur at the same step.

Also, like A003188, A006068 and many other base-2 representation related permutations, this permutation preserves the binary size of n (A000523(n)), and furthermore, a(n) seems to stay at most points (except at powers of 2) remarkably close to n.

From Antti Karttunen, May 23 2018: (Start)

Outline of the proof that the definition involving A019565 is equivalent to the recurrent formula:

Even though A019565 is nonmonotonic, for example A019565(4) = 5 = p_3 < A019565(3) = 6 = p_1 * p_2, and in general, although there are always primes p_k < p_{i1} * p_{i2} * ... * p_{ih}, with i1, i2, ..., ih < k, it doesn't matter here, because not just the position of the most significant 1-bit is monotonic in this sequence (see the binary representation at A304747), but also in each subrange (2^k)+2 .. (2^(k+1))-1 the position of the second most significant 1-bit moves only leftward, i.e., is monotonic, which follows from the recursive formula.

To see this, consider the first time in this sequence when in a batch of terms (of equal binary width) we have bits in position k (the most significant position) and (k-1) on (that is, both are 1's), the latter corresponding to prime p_k: while in principle a bit-based rule could choose to subtract 2^(k-1), in preference to any 1-bits to the right of it (that correspond to primes p_{i1} .. p_{ih}), it cannot do so at this stage, because it is the second most significant 1-bit, and then it would not move only leftward, contradicting what was said above. Neither this can occur later when more 1-bits have appeared to their left: the recursive formula guarantees it.

Also conversely, even though p_4 = 7 > 6 = p_1 * p_2, and in general, we always have such prime p_k > p_{i1} * p_{i2} * ... * p_{ih}, with i1, i2, ..., ih < k, and while here A019565-based rule (see comments in A303760) would prefer dividing p_k out instead of any subset of p_{i1} .. p_{ih}, it happens that in that rule, the index of the largest prime (A061395) grows monotonically, so at the stage where p_k is the largest prime of the batch of length 2^(k-1), p_k just cannot be divided out, and also here the structure of the later batches is strictly determined by recursion.

(End)

Note that the starting offset is 0, to align with A052330 and A207901.

Shares with A064736, A207901, A298480, A302350, A302783, A303771, etc. the property that a(n) is either a divisor or a multiple of a(n+1). Permutations satisfying such property are called "divisor-or-multiple permutations" in the OEIS, although Mazet & Saias call them "chain permutations" in their paper. [Edited by Antti Karttunen, Aug 26 2018]

One way to construct such permutations is by composing A052330 from the right with any such permutation like A003188 or A302846 where the binary expansions of a(n) and a(n+1) always differ by just a single bit-position.

Further permutations satisfying the same condition could be constructed from higher-dimensional versions (i.e., greater than 2) of Hilbert's space-filling curves, where the coordinates of each dimension would be Gray coded separately and then interleaved together. Permutation A207901 is essentially a one-dimensional variant of the same idea, while this is constructed from the 2-dimensional curve A163357, which is a Hamiltonian path on N X N grid.

See Peter Munn's A300012 for another idea for constructing such a permutation. - Antti Karttunen, Aug 26 2018

Like in binary Gray code A003188, also in this permutation the binary expansions of a(n) and a(n+1) differ always by just a single bit-position, that is, A000120(A003987(a(n),a(n+1))) = 1 for all n >= 0. Here A003987 computes bitwise-XOR of its two arguments. This is true for any composition P(A003188(n)), where P is a permutation that permutes the bit-positions of binary expansion of n in some way.

When composed with A052330 this gives a divisor-or-multiple permutation similar to A207901 and A302781.

a(0) = 0 and for n > 0, if there are one or more k_i that are not already present in the sequence among terms a(0) .. a(n-1), and for which bitor(k_i,a(n-1)) = a(n-1), then a(n) = that k_i which gives minimum value of A019565(k_i) amongst them; otherwise, when no such k_i exists, a(n) = the least number not already present that can be obtained by cumulatively filling the successive vacant bits of a(n-1) from the least significant end of its binary representation (by toggling 0's to 1's, possibly also one or more leading zeros).

Shares with permutations like A003188, A006068, A300838, A302846, A303763, and A303767 the property that when moving from any a(n) to a(n+1) either a subset of 0-bits are toggled on (changed to 1's), or a subset of 1-bits are toggled off (changed to 0's), but no both kind of changes may occur at the same step.

A300829 gives the positions of records (terms of A000225 in ascending order), that for cases n=2..79 are followed by 2^(n-1).

Inverse of sequence A064707 considered as a permutation of the nonnegative integers.

Not the same as A100282: a(n) = A100282(n) = A100280(A100280(n)) only for n < 64. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Nov 11 2004

In "minimal subset/superset bitmask transform", applicable to any N -> N injection f, we start from a(0) = 0, after which for n > 0, if there are one or more k_i that are not already present in the sequence among terms a(0) .. a(n-1), and for which bitor(k_i,a(n-1)) = a(n-1), then a(n) = that k_i for which f(k_i) is minimized; otherwise, a(n) = that h_i for which f(h_i) is minimized among the infinite set of numbers h_i for which bitand(h_i,a(n-1)) = a(n-1) and that are not yet present in the sequence. In this case f(n) = A054429(n).

Shares with permutations like A003188, A006068, A163252, A300838, A302846, A303763, A303765, A303767, A303773 and A303775 the property that when moving from any a(n) to a(n+1) either a subset of 0-bits are toggled on (changed to 1's), or a subset of 1-bits are toggled off (changed to 0's), but no both kind of changes may occur at the same step. Note that A303767 is obtained when the same transform is applied to A001477, and A303775 when it is applied to A193231.

In "minimal subset/superset bitmask transform", applicable to any N -> N injection f, we start from a(0) = 0, after which for n > 0, if there are one or more k_i that are not already present in the sequence among terms a(0) .. a(n-1), and for which bitor(k_i,a(n-1)) = a(n-1), then a(n) = that k_i for which f(k_i) is minimized; otherwise, a(n) = that h_i for which f(h_i) is minimized among the infinite set of numbers h_i for which bitand(h_i,a(n-1)) = a(n-1) and that are not yet present in the sequence. In this case f(n) = A193231(n).

Shares with permutations like A003188, A006068, A163252, A300838, A302846, A303763, A303765, A303767, A303773 and A304083 the property that when moving from any a(n) to a(n+1) either a subset of 0-bits are toggled on (changed to 1's), or a subset of 1-bits are toggled off (changed to 0's), but no both kind of changes may occur at the same step. Note that A303767 is obtained when the same transform is applied to A001477, and A304083 when it is applied to A054429.

Shares with permutations like A003188, A006068, A300838, A302846, A303765, and A303767 the property that when moving from any a(n) to a(n+1) either a subset of 0-bits are toggled on (changed to 1's), or a subset of 1-bits are toggled off (changed to 0's), but no both kind of changes may occur at the same step.

All nonnegative integers occur provided that A304531 is a permutation of natural numbers.

Shares with sequences like A003188, A006068, A300838, A302846, A303765, A303767 and A304083 the property that when moving from any a(n) to a(n+1) either a subset of 0-bits are toggled on (changed to 1's), or a subset of 1-bits are toggled off (changed to 0's), but no both kind of changes may occur at the same step.