cp's OEIS Frontend

This is a front-end for the Online Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, made by Christian Perfect. The idea is to provide OEIS entries in non-ancient HTML, and then to think about how they're presented visually. The source code is on GitHub.

Showing 1-6 of 6 results.

A349908 Positions of records in A351089.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 6, 8, 15, 26, 86, 116, 119, 143, 147, 178, 207, 615, 1157, 1226, 1814, 4168, 4467, 6687, 17844, 18029, 18446, 29393, 29997, 57112, 59846, 76072, 110668, 146996, 228668, 265646, 290840, 329212, 355071, 356296, 374548, 509450
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Antti Karttunen, Feb 05 2022

Keywords

Comments

The record values themselves are: -1, 0, 2, 6, 11, 14, 16, 17, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 27, 32, 34, 36, 39, 46, 47, 49, 53, 54, 55, 56, 58, 59, 61, 65, 67, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 79, 82, etc.

Crossrefs

Cf. A003415, A276086, A351089.

A327969 The length of a shortest path from n to zero when using the transitions x -> A003415(x) and x -> A276086(x), or -1 if no zero can ever be reached from n.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 2, 2, 5, 2, 3, 2, 6, 4, 3, 2, 5, 2, 5, 6, 6, 2, 5, 2, 7, 4, 3, 2
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Antti Karttunen, Oct 07 2019

Keywords

Comments

The terms of this sequence are currently known only up to n=23, with the value of a(24) still being uncertain. For the tentative values of the later terms, see sequence A328324 which gives upper bounds for these terms, many of which are very likely also exact values for them.
As A051903(A003415(n)) >= A051903(n)-1, it means that it takes always at least A051903(n) steps to a prime if iterating solely with A003415.
Some known values and upper bounds from n=24 onward:
a(24) <= 11.
a(25) = 4.
a(26) = 7.
a(27) <= 22.
a(33) = 4.
a(39) = 4.
a(40) = 5.
a(42) = 3.
a(44) <= 10.
a(45) = 5.
a(46) = 5.
a(48) = 9.
a(49) = 6.
a(50) = 6.
a(55) = 7.
a(74) = 5.
a(77) = 6.
a(80) <= 18.
a(111) = 6.
a(112) = 8.
a(125) <= 9.
a(240) = 7.
a(625) <= 10.
a(875) = 8.
From Antti Karttunen, Feb 20 2022: (Start)
a(2556) <= 20.
a(5005) <= 19.
What is the value of a(128), and is A328324(128) well-defined?
When I created this sequence, I conjectured that by applying two simple arithmetic operations "arithmetic derivative" (A003415) and "primorial base exp-function" (A276086) in some combination, and starting from any positive integer, we could always reach zero (via a prime and 1).
At the first sight it seems almost certain that the conjecture holds, as it is always possible at every step to choose from two options (which very rarely meet, see A351088), leading to an exponentially growing search tree, and also because A276086 always jumps out of any dead-end path with p^p-factors (dead-end from the arithmetic derivative's point of view). However, it should be realized that one can reach the terms of either A157037 or A327978 with a single step of A003415 only from squarefree numbers (or respectively, cubefree numbers that are not multiples of 4, see A328234), and in general, because A003415 decreases the maximal exponent of the prime factorization (A051903) at most by one, if the maximal exponent in the prime factorization of n is large, there is a correspondingly long path to traverse if we take only A003415-steps in the iteration, and any step could always lead with certain probability to a p^p-number. Note that the antiderivatives of primorials with a square factor seem quite rare, see A351029.
And although taking a A276086-step will always land us to a p^p-free number (which a priori is not in the obvious dead-end path of A003415, although of course it might eventually lead to one), it (in most cases) also increases the magnitude of number considerably, that tends to make the escape even harder. Particularly, in the majority of cases A276086 increases the maximal exponent (which in the preimage is A328114, "maximal digit value used when n is written in primorial base"), so there will be even a longer journey down to squarefree numbers when using A003415. See the sequences A351067 and A351071 for the diminishing ratios suggesting rapidly diminishing chances of successfully reaching zero from larger terms of A276086. Also, the asymptotic density of A276156 is zero, even though A351073 may contain a few larger values.
On the other hand, if we could prove that by (for example) continuing upwards with any p^p-path of A003415 we could eventually reach with a near certainty a region of numbers with low values of A328114 (i.e., numbers with smallish digits in primorial base, like A276156), then the situation might change (see also A351089). However, a few empirical runs seemed to indicate otherwise.
For all of the above reasons, I now conjecture that there are natural numbers from which it is not possible to reach zero with any combination of steps. For example 128 or 5^5 = 3125.
(End)

Examples

			Let -A> stand for an application of A003415 and -B> for an application of A276086, then, we have for example:
a(8) = 6 as we have 8 -A>  12 -B>  25 -A> 10 -A>  7 -A> 1 -A> 0, six transitions in total (and there are no shorter paths).
a(15) = 6 as we have 15 -B> 150 -A> 185 -A> 42 -A> 41 -A> 1 -A> 0, six transitions in total (and there are no shorter paths).
a(20) = 7, as 20 -B> 375 -A> 350 -A> 365 -A> 78 -A> 71 -A> 1 -A> 0, and there are no shorter paths.
For n=112, we know that a(112) cannot be larger than eight, as A328099^(8)(112) = 0, so we have a path of length 8 as 112 -A> 240 -B> 77 -A> 18 -A> 21 -A> 10 -A> 7 -A> 1 -A> 0. Checking all 32 combinations of the paths of lengths of 5 starting from 112 shows that none of them or their prefixes ends with a prime, thus there cannot be any shorter path, and indeed a(112) = 8.
a(24) <= 11 as A328099^(11)(24) = 0, i.e., we have 24 -A> 44 -A> 48 -A> 112 -A> 240 -B> 77 -A> 18 -A> 21 -A> 10 -A> 7 -A> 1 -A> 0. On the other hand, 24 -B> 625 -B> 17794411250 -A> 41620434625 -A> 58507928150 -A> 86090357185 -A> 54113940517 -A> 19982203325 -A> 12038411230 -A> 8426887871 -A> 1 -A> 0, thus offering another path of length 11.

Crossrefs

Cf. A003415, A046099, A051674, A051903, A068346, A276086, A276087, A327859, A327860, A328099, A328112, A328114, A328116, A328307.
Cf. A328324 (a sequence giving upper bounds, computed with restricted search space).
Sequences for whose terms k, value a(k) has a guaranteed constant upper bound: A000040, A002110, A143293, A157037, A192192, A327978, A328232, A328233, A328239, A328240, A328243, A328249, A328313.
Sequences for whose terms k, it is guaranteed that a(k) has finite value > 0, even if not bound by a constant: A099308, A328116.
Cf. also A256750, A327966, A328110, A351029, A351088, A351067, A351071, A351073, A351089 and A351255, A351256, A351257, A351258, A351261.

Programs

  • PARI
    A003415(n) = if(n<=1, 0, my(f=factor(n)); n*sum(i=1, #f~, f[i, 2]/f[i, 1]));
A276086(n) = { my(m=1, p=2); while(n, m *= (p^(n%p)); n = n\p; p = nextprime(1+p)); (m); };
A327969(n,searchlim=0) = if(!n,n,my(xs=Set([n]),newxs,a,b,u); for(k=1,oo, print("n=", n, " k=", k, " xs=", xs); newxs=Set([]); for(i=1,#xs,u = xs[i]; a = A003415(u); if(0==a, return(k)); if(isprime(a), return(k+2)); b = A276086(u); if(isprime(b), return(k+1+(u>2))); newxs = setunion([a],newxs); if(!searchlim || (b<=searchlim),newxs = setunion([b],newxs))); xs = newxs));

Formula

a(0) = 0, a(p^p) = 1 + a(A276086(p^p)) for primes p, and for other numbers, a(n) = 1+min(a(A003415(n)), a(A276086(n))).
a(p) = 2 for all primes p.
For all n, a(n) <= A328324(n).
Let A stand the transition x -> A003415(x), and B stand for x -> A276086(x). The following sequences give some constant upper limits, because it is guaranteed that the combination given in brackets (the leftmost A or B is applied first) will always lead to a prime:
For all n, a(A157037(n)) = 3. [A]
For n > 1, a(A002110(n)) = 3. [B]
For all n, a(A192192(n)) <= 4. [AA]
For all n, a(A327978(n)) = 4. [AB]
For all n, a(A328233(n)) <= 4. [BA]
For all n, a(A143293(n)) <= 4. [BB]
For all n, a(A328239(n)) <= 5. [AAA]
For all n, a(A328240(n)) <= 5. [BAA]
For all n, a(A328243(n)) <= 5. [ABB]
For all n, a(A328313(n)) <= 5. [BBB]
For all n, a(A328249(n)) <= 6. [BAAA]
For all k in A046099, a(k) >= 4, and if A328114(k) > 1, then certainly a(k) > 4.

A351228 Numbers k for which A003415(k) >= A276086(k), where A003415 is the arithmetic derivative and A276086 is the primorial base exp-function.

Original entry on oeis.org

6, 30, 32, 36, 60, 210, 212, 213, 214, 216, 240, 420, 2310, 2312, 2313, 2314, 2315, 2316, 2317, 2318, 2319, 2320, 2322, 2324, 2328, 2340, 2342, 2343, 2344, 2346, 2348, 2349, 2352, 2370, 2372, 2376, 2400, 2520, 2522, 2523, 2524, 2526, 2528, 2550, 2552, 2730, 4620, 4622, 4623, 4624, 4626, 4628, 4632, 4650, 4652, 4656
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Antti Karttunen, Feb 05 2022

Keywords

Comments

Conjecture: Apart from the initial 6, the rest of terms are the numbers k for which A003415(k) > A276086(k), thus giving the positions of zeros in A351232. In other words, it seems that only k=6 satisfies A003415(k) = A276086(k). See also comments in A351088.

Links

Crossrefs

Cf. A003415, A024451, A048103, A060735, A235991, A276085, A276086, A327862, A351088, A351089, A351232, A369656, A369663, A369664, A371104.
Union of A370127 and A370128.
Subsequence of A328118.
Subsequences: A351229, A369959, A369960, A369970 (after its two initial terms).
Cf. also A369650.

Programs

  • PARI
    A003415(n) = if(n<=1, 0, my(f=factor(n)); n*sum(i=1, #f~, f[i, 2]/f[i, 1]));
A276086(n) = { my(m=1, p=2); while(n, m *= (p^(n%p)); n = n\p; p = nextprime(1+p)); (m); };
isA351228(n) = (A003415(n)>=A276086(n));

A351088 Numbers k such that A327860(k) is reachable from k by iterating the arithmetic derivative (A003415) and there are no terms with p^p-factors on the path there.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 30, 2310, 2556, 30030, 223092870
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Antti Karttunen, Feb 05 2022

Keywords

Comments

Sequence includes also the terms for which no iterations are needed (when k is already equal to A327860(k)), thus A328110 is a subsequence. The other terms (and also 1) seem to be the intersection of primorials (A002110) with sequence A099308. This includes terms A002110(A109628(n)), whose arithmetic derivatives are in A244622.
The numbers k for which A276086(k) is reachable from k by iterating A003415 form a subsequence of this sequence, but so far only one term is known: 6, for which A276086(6) = A003415(6) = 5. (See A351228). It would be interesting to know whether there are more such terms, especially terms that require more than one iteration of A003415.
Question: The eleven known terms are all sums of distinct primorials (in A276156), i.e., contain only digits 0's and 1's in primorial base. Is this a necessary property for the terms of this sequence (and also for A328110)? - Antti Karttunen, Feb 04 2024, corrected May 11 2024.

Crossrefs

Cf. A002110, A003415, A099308, A109628, A244622, A276086, A276156, A328110 (subsequence), A327860.
Cf. also A327969, A351089, A351228, A358215.

Programs

  • PARI
    A003415checked(n) = if(n<=1, 0, my(f=factor(n), s=0); for(i=1, #f~, if(f[i,2]>=f[i,1],return(0), s += f[i, 2]/f[i, 1])); (n*s)); \\ Like A003415, but return zero also for n that have p^p-factor(s).
A327860(n) = { my(s=0, m=1, p=2, e); while(n, e = (n%p); m *= (p^e); s += (e/p); n = n\p; p = nextprime(1+p)); (s*m); };
\\ This simple program doesn't check for any hypothetical p^p-free A003415-loops (they are so rare that they are conjectured not to exist at all):
isA351088(n) = if(!n, 1, my(g=A327860(n)); while(n>0, if(n==g, return(1)); n = A003415checked(n)); (n));

A351226 Numbers k for which A276086(k) < k, where A276086 is the primorial base exp-function.

Original entry on oeis.org

6, 30, 31, 32, 36, 60, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 240, 241, 242, 420, 421, 422, 2310, 2311, 2312, 2313, 2314, 2315, 2316, 2317, 2318, 2319, 2320, 2321, 2322, 2323, 2324, 2325, 2328, 2340, 2341, 2342, 2343, 2344, 2345, 2346, 2347, 2348, 2352, 2370, 2371, 2372, 2520, 2521, 2522, 2523, 2524, 2526, 2527
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Antti Karttunen, Feb 05 2022

Keywords

Links

Crossrefs

Cf. A002110 (subsequence from its third term 6 onward), A276086, A351227 (complement).
Positions of negative terms in A351225, positions of zeros in A351089.

Programs

  • Mathematica
    Select[Range[2528], Block[{i, m, n = #, p}, m = i = 1; While[n > 0, p = Prime[i]; m *= p^Mod[n, p]; n = Quotient[n, p]; i++]; m < #] &] (* Michael De Vlieger, Feb 05 2022 *)
  • PARI
    A276086(n) = { my(m=1, p=2); while(n, m *= (p^(n%p)); n = n\p; p = nextprime(1+p)); (m); };
isA351226(n) = (A276086(n)

A351229 Numbers k for which A003415(k) >= A276086(k) > k, where A003415 is the arithmetic derivative and A276086 is the primorial base exp-function.

Original entry on oeis.org

2349, 2376, 2400, 2552, 4656, 4680, 4832, 4860, 6936, 6960, 30056, 30080, 30100, 30150, 30256, 30282, 32382, 32384, 32562, 36960, 60080, 510568, 510592, 510996, 511020, 511152, 511176, 511200, 512940, 513096, 513120, 513252, 513272, 515172, 515196, 515352, 515376, 515552, 517448, 517472, 519750, 540636, 540660, 540792
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Antti Karttunen, Feb 05 2022

Keywords

Comments

The terms appear to come in batches dictated by their primorial base expansion (A049345), these terms having only low digit values in that base.

Links

Crossrefs

Cf. A003415, A049345, A276086.
Intersection of A351227 and A351228.
Positions of ones in A351089.

Programs

  • Mathematica
    Select[Range[550000], Block[{i, m, n = #, p}, m = i = 1; While[n > 0, p = Prime[i]; m *= p^Mod[n, p]; n = Quotient[n, p]; i++]; If[# < 2, 0, # Total[#2/#1 & @@@ FactorInteger[#]]] >= m > #] &] (* Michael De Vlieger, Feb 05 2022 *)
  • PARI
    A003415(n) = if(n<=1, 0, my(f=factor(n)); n*sum(i=1, #f~, f[i, 2]/f[i, 1]));
A276086(n) = { my(m=1, p=2); while(n, m *= (p^(n%p)); n = n\p; p = nextprime(1+p)); (m); };
isA351229(n) = { my(u=A276086(n)); ((u > n) && (A003415(n) >= u)); };
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