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The excluded divisors are the odd divisors e listed in A005279.

Conjecture 1: the row lengths are given by A237271 (true for at least the first 10000 terms of A237271)

From Hartmut F. W. Hoft, Jan 09 2025: (Start)

Proof of Conjecture 1:

An entire part of SRS(n), n = 2^k * q with k >= 0 and q odd, up to the diagonal is described in row n of A249223 by a 1 in position d, an odd divisor of n, 0's in positions d-1 and 2^(k+1) * f, f >= d an odd divisor of n, and nonzero numbers that increase or decrease by 1 in between.

The odd divisors e of n with d < e < 2^(k+1) * f are the "e" odd divisors of A005279 since for divisor s of n, d < s < e < 2*s < 2^(k+1) * f holds.

The odd divisors u of n greater than A003056(n) are encoded by the 2^(k+1) * f above as u = q/f and odd divisors d < A003056(n) are also encoded as 2^(k+1) * q/d. Then odd divisors e of n with q/f < e < 2^(k+1) * q/d are the "e" odd divisors of A005279 since for divisor t of n, q/f < t < e < 2*t < 2^(k+1) * q/d holds.

For a part containing the diagonal the inequalities above hold on the respective sides of the diagonal.

As a consequence the number of entries in row n of this triangle equals A237271(n). (End)

From Omar E. Pol, Jun 26 2025: (Start)

Conjecture 2: T(n,m) is the smallest number in the m-th 2-dense sublist of divisors of n.

We call "2-dense sublists of divisors of n" to the maximal sublists of divisors of n whose terms increase by a factor of at most 2.

In a 2-dense sublist of divisors of n the terms are in increasing order and two adjacent terms are the same two adjacent terms in the list of divisors of n.

If the conjecture is true so row sums give A379379 and the row lengths give A237271, and the same row lengths have the sequences A384222, A384225 and A384226. Also the conjecture of A384149 should be true.

Observation: at least for the first 5000 rows (the first 15542 terms) the conjecture 2 coincides with the definition from the Name section and the row lengths give A237271.

An example of the conjecture 2, for n = 1..24 is as shown below:

-------------------------------------------------------------------

| n | Row n of | List of divisors of n | Number of |

| | the triangle | [with sublists in brackets] | sublists |

--------------------------------------------------------------------

| 1 | 1; | [1]; | 1 |

| 2 | 1; | [1, 2]; | 1 |

| 3 | 1, 3; | [1], [3]; | 2 |

| 4 | 1; | [1, 2, 4]; | 1 |

| 5 | 1, 5; | [1], [5]; | 2 |

| 6 | 1; | [1, 2, 3, 6]; | 1 |

| 7 | 1, 7; | [1], [7]; | 2 |

| 8 | 1; | [1, 2, 4, 8]; | 1 |

| 9 | 1, 3, 9; | [1], [3], [9]; | 3 |

| 10 | 1, 5; | [1, 2], [5, 10]; | 2 |

| 11 | 1, 11; | [1], [11]; | 2 |

| 12 | 1; | [1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12]; | 1 |

| 13 | 1, 13; | [1], [13]; | 2 |

| 14 | 1, 7; | [1, 2], [7, 14]; | 2 |

| 15 | 1, 3, 15; | [1], [3, 5], [15]; | 3 |

| 16 | 1; | [1, 2, 4, 8, 16]; | 1 |

| 17 | 1, 17; | [1], [17]; | 2 |

| 18 | 1; | [1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18]; | 1 |

| 19 | 1, 19; | [1], [19]; | 2 |

| 20 | 1; | [1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 20]; | 1 |

| 21 | 1, 3, 7, 21; | [1], [3], [7], [21]; | 4 |

| 22 | 1, 11; | [1, 2], [11, 22]; | 2 |

| 23 | 1, 23; | [1], [23]; | 2 |

| 24 | 1; | [1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24]; | 1 |

...

For n = 10 the list of divisors of 10 is [1, 2, 5, 10]. There are two 2-dense sublists of divisors of 10, they are [1, 2], [5, 10]. The smallest numbers in the sublists are [1, 5] respectively, so the row 10 is [1, 5].

For n = 15 the list of divisors of 15 is [1, 3, 5, 15]. There are three 2-dense sublists of divisors of 15, they are [1], [3, 5], [15]. The smallest numbers in the sublists are [1, 3, 15] respectively, so the row 15 is [1, 3, 15].

78 is the first practical number A005153 not in A174973. For n = 78 the list of divisors of 78 is [1, 2, 3, 6, 13, 26, 39, 78]. There are two 2-dense sublists of divisors of 78, they are [1, 2, 3, 6] and [13, 26, 39, 78]. The smallest numbers in the sublists are [1, 13] respectively, so the row 78 is [1, 13].

(End)

Conjecture 3: T(n,m) is the m-th divisor p of n such that p is greater than twice the adjacent previous divisor of n. - Omar E. Pol, Aug 02 2025

Shares infinitely many terms with A000593.

a(n) = A000593(n) if n is not in A005279.

a(n) < A000593(n) if n is in A005279.

Conjectures from Omar E. Pol, Aug 27 2025: (Start)

a(n) is the sum of the smallest numbers of the 2-dense sublists of divisors of n.

a(n) is the sum of the divisors p of n such that p is greater than twice the adjacent previous divisor of n. (End)

Observation: the sequence of the number of odd terms in row n coincides with at least the first 10000 terms of A237271.

The observation is true for all numbers. For a proof see A379288. - Hartmut F. W. Hoft, Jan 25 2025

The number of positive terms in row n is A174903(n).

The indices of the rows that contain a zero give A174905.

The indices of the rows that contain positive integers give A005279.

The positive integers in the n-th row are the missing divisors of n in the n-th row of A379374.

The odd integers in the n-th row are the missing odd divisors of n in the n-th row of A379288.