A006560 -id:A006560 - cp's OEIS frontend

A373819 Run-lengths (differing by 0) of the run-lengths (differing by 2) of the odd primes.

1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 4, 2, 3, 2, 4, 3, 2, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 10, 2, 4, 1, 7, 1, 4, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 18, 3, 2, 1, 2, 1, 17, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 6, 1, 9, 1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 8, 1, 3, 1, 2, 2, 15, 1, 1, 1, 4, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 7, 1

Offset: 1

Gus Wiseman, Jun 20 2024

nonn

Run-lengths of A251092.

			The odd primes begin:
3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, ...
with runs:
   3   5   7
  11  13
  17  19
  23
  29  31
  37
  41  43
  47
  53
  59  61
  67
  71  73
with lengths:
3, 2, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, ...
which have runs beginning:
  3
  2 2
  1
  2
  1
  2
  1 1
  2
  1
  2
  1 1 1 1
  2 2
  1 1 1
with lengths a(n).

Gus Wiseman, Four statistics for runs and antiruns of prime, nonprime, squarefree, and nonsquarefree numbers.

Run-lengths of A251092.
For antiruns we have A373820, run-lengths of A027833 (if we prepend 1).
Positions of first appearances are A373825, sorted A373824.
A000040 lists the primes.
A001223 gives differences of consecutive primes, run-lengths A333254, run-lengths of run-lengths A373821.
A046933 counts composite numbers between primes.
A065855 counts composite numbers up to n.
A071148 gives partial sums of odd primes.
For prime runs: A001359, A006512, A025584, A067774, A373405, A373406.
For composite runs: A005381, A054265, A068780, A373403, A373404.
Cf. A005117, A006560, A006562, A029707, A037201, A038664, A076259, A176246.

Length/@Split[Length/@Split[Select[Range[3,1000], PrimeQ],#1+2==#2&]//Most]//Most

A335406 First position of n in the sequence of run-lengths of the sequence of prime gaps.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 49, 633353, 6706139

Offset: 1

Gus Wiseman, Jun 10 2020

Prime gaps are differences between adjacent prime numbers.

Positions of first appearances in A333254.
The unequal version is 7, 1, 4, 15, 10, 36, 5, 6, 84, ...
The weakly decreasing version is 1, 2, 7, 23, 26, ...
The weakly increasing version is 5, 2, 3, 1, 81, 193, ...
The strictly decreasing version is 1, 4, 8, 150, 160, ...
The strictly increasing version is 6, 1, 4, 38, 221, ...
Prime gaps are A001223.
The first term of the first length-n arithmetic progression of consecutive primes is A006560(n), with index A089180(n).
Positions of adjacent equal prime gaps are A064113.
Positions of adjacent unequal prime gaps are A333214.
Cf. A000040, A031217, A054800, A059044, A084758, A090832, A106356, A124767, A238279, A295235, A006560.

qe=Length/@Split[Differences[Array[Prime,10000]],SameQ];
Table[Position[qe,i][[1,1]],{i,Union[qe]}]

a(5) from Giovanni Resta, Jun 11 2020

A373824 Sorted positions of first appearances in the run-lengths (differing by 0) of the run-lengths (differing by 2) of the odd primes.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 11, 13, 29, 33, 45, 51, 57, 59, 69, 75, 105, 129, 211, 227, 301, 313, 321, 341, 407, 413, 447, 459, 537, 679, 709, 767, 1113, 1301, 1405, 1411, 1429, 1439, 1709, 1829, 1923, 2491, 2543, 2791, 2865, 3301, 3471, 3641, 4199, 4611, 5181, 5231, 6345, 6555

Offset: 1

Gus Wiseman, Jun 21 2024

nonn

Sorted positions of first appearances in A373819.

			The runs of odd primes differing by 2 begin:
   3   5   7
  11  13
  17  19
  23
  29  31
  37
  41  43
  47
  53
  59  61
  67
  71  73
  79
with lengths:
3, 2, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, ...
which have runs beginning:
  3
  2 2
  1
  2
  1
  2
  1 1
  2
  1
  2
  1 1 1 1
  2 2
  1 1 1
with lengths:
1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 4, 2, 3, 2, 4, 3,...
with sorted positions of first appearances a(n).

Sorted firsts of A373819 (run-lengths of A251092).
The unsorted version is A373825.
For antiruns we have A373826, unsorted A373827.
A000040 lists the primes.
A001223 gives differences of consecutive primes (firsts A073051), run-lengths A333254 (firsts A335406), run-lengths of run-lengths A373821.
A046933 counts composite numbers between primes.
A065855 counts composite numbers up to n.
A071148 gives partial sums of odd primes.
A373820 gives run-lengths of antirun-lengths, run-lengths of A027833.
For prime runs: A001359, A006512, A025584, A067774, A373405, A373406.
For composite runs: A005381, A054265, A068780, A373403, A373404.
Cf. A006560, A006562, A029707, A037201, A038664, A069010, A122535, A176246, A373401, A373402.

t=Length/@Split[Length/@Split[Select[Range[3,10000],PrimeQ],#1+2==#2&]];
Select[Range[Length[t]],FreeQ[Take[t,#-1],t[[#]]]&]

A179067 Orders of consecutive clusters of twin primes.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 3, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1

Offset: 1

Franz Vrabec, Jun 27 2010

For k>=1, 2k+4 consecutive primes P1, P2, ..., P2k+4 defining a cluster of twin primes of order k iff P2-P1 <> 2, P4-P3 = P6-P5 = ... = P2k+2 - P2k+1 = 2, P2k+4 - P2k+3 <> 2.

Also the lengths of maximal runs of terms differing by 2 in A029707 (leading index of twin primes), complement A049579. - Gus Wiseman, Dec 05 2024

			The twin prime cluster ((101,103),(107,109)) of order k=2 stems from the 2k+4 = 8 consecutive primes (89, 97, 101, 103, 107, 109, 113, 127) because 97-89 <> 2, 103-101 = 109-107 = 2, 127-113 <> 2.
From _Gus Wiseman_, Dec 05 2024: (Start)
The leading indices of twin primes are:
  2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 13, 17, 20, 26, 28, 33, 35, 41, 43, 45, 49, 52, ...
with maximal runs of terms differing by 2:
  {2}, {3,5,7}, {10}, {13}, {17}, {20}, {26,28}, {33,35}, {41,43,45}, {49}, {52}, ...
with lengths a(n).
(End)

Robert Israel, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
Gus Wiseman, Four statistics for runs and antiruns of prime, nonprime, squarefree, and nonsquarefree numbers.

Cf. A077800.
Cf. A001359, A111950, A087641.
Cf. A035789, A035790, A035791, A035792, A035793, A035794, A035795.
A000040 lists the primes, differences A001223 (run-lengths A333254, A373821).
A006512 gives the greater of twin primes.
A029707 gives the leading index of twin primes, complement A049579.
A038664 finds the first prime gap of length 2n.
A046933 counts composite numbers between primes.
A000720, A006560, A006562, A014574, A037201, A107770, A122535, A155752, A175632, A251092.

R:= 1: count:= 1: m:= 0:
q:= 5: state:= 1:
while count < 100 do
 p:= nextprime(q);
 if state = 1 then
    if p-q = 2 then state:= 2; m:= m+1;
    else
      if m > 0 then R:= R,m; count:= count+1; fi;
      m:= 0
    fi
 else state:= 1;
 fi;
 q:= p
od:
R; # Robert Israel, Feb 07 2023

Length/@Split[Select[Range[2,100],Prime[#+1]-Prime[#]==2&],#2==#1+2&] (* Gus Wiseman, Dec 05 2024 *)

a(n)={my(o,P,L=vector(3));n++;forprime(p=o=3,,L=concat(L[2..3],-o+o=p);L[3]==2||next;L[1]==2&&(P=concat(P,p))&&next;n--||return(#P);P=[p])} \\ M. F. Hasler, May 04 2015

More terms from M. F. Hasler, May 04 2015

A332668 Number of strict integer partitions of n without three consecutive parts in arithmetic progression.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 5, 6, 6, 9, 11, 11, 15, 20, 19, 26, 31, 34, 41, 50, 53, 67, 78, 84, 99, 120, 130, 154, 177, 193, 226, 262, 291, 332, 375, 419, 479, 543, 608, 676, 765, 859, 961, 1075, 1202, 1336, 1495, 1672, 1854, 2050, 2301, 2536, 2814, 3142, 3448, 3809

Offset: 0

Gus Wiseman, Mar 28 2020

nonn

Also the number of strict integer partitions of n whose first differences are an anti-run, meaning there are no adjacent equal differences.

			The a(1) = 1 through a(10) = 9 partitions (A = 10):
  (1)  (2)  (3)   (4)   (5)   (6)   (7)    (8)    (9)    (A)
            (21)  (31)  (32)  (42)  (43)   (53)   (54)   (64)
                        (41)  (51)  (52)   (62)   (63)   (73)
                                    (61)   (71)   (72)   (82)
                                    (421)  (431)  (81)   (91)
                                           (521)  (621)  (532)
                                                         (541)
                                                         (631)
                                                         (721)

Fausto A. C. Cariboni, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..450
Wikipedia, Arithmetic progression

Anti-run compositions are counted by A003242.
Normal anti-runs of length n + 1 are counted by A005649.
Strict partitions with equal differences are A049980.
Partitions with equal differences are A049988.
The non-strict version is A238424.
The version for permutations is A295370.
Anti-run compositions are ranked by A333489.
Cf. A006560, A007862, A238423, A307824, A325328, A325852, A325874, A333195.

Table[Length[Select[IntegerPartitions[n],UnsameQ@@#&&!MatchQ[Differences[#],{_,x_,x_,_}]&]],{n,0,30}]

A349644 Array read by antidiagonals, n >= 2, m >= 0: T(n,m) is the smallest prime p = prime(k) such that all n-th differences of (prime(k), ..., prime(k+n+m)) are zero.

Original entry on oeis.org

3, 251, 17, 9843019, 347, 347, 121174811, 2903, 2903, 41

Offset: 2

Pontus von Brömssen, Nov 23 2021

T(n,m) = prime(k), where k is the smallest positive integer such that A095195(j,n) = 0 for k+n <= j <= k+n+m.

Equivalently, T(n,m) is the smallest prime p = prime(k) such that there is a polynomial f of degree at most n-1 such that f(j) = prime(j) for k <= j <= k+n+m.

			Array begins:
  n\m|   0       1           2           3           4
  ---+------------------------------------------------
  2  |   3     251     9843019   121174811           ?
  3  |  17     347        2903       15373      128981
  4  | 347    2903       15373      128981    19641263
  5  |  41    8081      128981    19641263   245333213
  6  | 211  128981    19641263   245333213   245333213
  7  | 271  386471    81028373   245333213 27797667517
  8  |  23 2022971   245333213 27797667517           ?
  9  | 191 7564091 10246420463           ?           ?

Cf. A006560 (row n=2), A349642 (row n=3), A349643 (column m=0).

Cf. A095195.

from sympy import nextprime
def A349644(n,m):
    d = [float('inf')]*(n-1)
    p = [0]*(n+m)+[2]
    c = 0
    while 1:
        del p[0]
        p.append(nextprime(p[-1]))
        d.insert(0,p[-1]-p[-2])
        for i in range(1,n):
            d[i] = d[i-1]-d[i]
        if d.pop() == 0:
            if c == m: return p[0]
            c += 1
        else:
            c = 0

T(n,m) <= T(n-1,m+1).
T(n,m) <= T(n, m+1).
Sum_{j=0..n} (-1)^j*binomial(n,j)*prime(k+i+j) = 0 for 0 <= i <= m, where prime(k) = T(n,m).

A354377 Initial terms associated with the arithmetic progressions of primes of A354376.

Original entry on oeis.org

2, 2, 3, 7, 5, 7, 7, 881, 3499, 199, 75307, 110437, 4943, 31385539, 115453391, 53297929, 3430751869, 4808316343, 8297644387, 214861583621, 5749146449311

Offset: 1

Bernard Schott, May 26 2022

Equivalently: Let i, i+d, i+2d, ..., i+(n-1)d be an arithmetic progression of exactly n primes; choose the one which minimizes the last term; then a(n) = first term i.
The adverb "exactly" requires both i-d and i+n*d to be nonprime (see A113827).
For the corresponding values of the last term, see A354376.
The primes in these arithmetic progressions need not be consecutive. (The smallest prime at the start of a run of exactly n consecutive primes in arithmetic progression is A006560(n).)
a(n) != A113827(n) for n = 4, 8, 9, 11. - Michael S. Branicky, May 26 2022

			The first few corresponding arithmetic progressions are:
n = 1 (2);
n = 2 (2, 3);
n = 3 (3, 5, 7);
n = 4 (7, 19, 31, 43);
n = 5 (5, 11, 17, 23, 29);
n = 6 (7, 37, 67, 97, 127, 157);
n = 7 (7, 157, 307, 457, 607, 757, 907)...

R. K. Guy, Unsolved Problems in Number Theory, A5, Arithmetic progressions of primes.

Cf. A006560, A113827, A354376.

a(8)-a(21) from Michael S. Branicky, May 26 2022

A354376 Smallest prime which is at the end of an arithmetic progression of exactly n primes.

Original entry on oeis.org

2, 3, 7, 43, 29, 157, 907, 2351, 5179, 2089, 375607, 262897, 725663, 36850999, 173471351, 198793279, 4827507229, 17010526363, 83547839407, 572945039351, 6269243827111

Offset: 1

Bernard Schott, May 24 2022

Equivalently: Let i, i+d, i+2d, ..., i+(n-1)d be an arithmetic progression of exactly n primes; choose the one which minimizes the last term; then a(n) = last term i+(n-1)d.
The word "exactly" requires both i-d and i+n*d to be nonprime; without "exactly", we get A005115.
For the corresponding values of the first term, and the common difference, see A354377 and A354484. For the actual arithmetic progressions, see A354485.
The primes in these arithmetic progressions need not be consecutive. (The smallest prime at the start of a run of exactly n consecutive primes in arithmetic progression is A006560(n).)
a(n) != A005115(n), because A005115(n) + A093364(n) is prime for n = 4, 8, 9, 11. - Michael S. Branicky, May 24 2022

			The arithmetic progression (5, 11, 17, 23) with common difference 6 contains 4 primes, but 29 = 23+6 is also prime, hence a(4) != 23.
The arithmetic progression (7, 19, 31, 43) with common difference 12 also contains 4 primes, and 7-12 < 0 and 43+12 = 55 is composite; moreover this arithmetic progression is the smallest such progression with exactly 4 primes, hence a(4) = 43.

R. K. Guy, Unsolved Problems in Number Theory, A5, Arithmetic progressions of primes.

Cf. A005115, A006560, A093364, A354377, A354484, A354485.

from sympy import isprime, nextprime
def a(n):
    if n < 3: return [2, 3][n-1]
    p = 2
    while True:
        for d in range(2, (p-3)//(n-1)+1, 2):
            if isprime(p+d) or isprime(p-n*d): continue
            if all(isprime(p-j*d) for j in range(1, n)): return p
        p = nextprime(p)
print([a(n) for n in range(1, 11)]) # Michael S. Branicky, May 24 2022

a(4) corrected and a(8)-a(13) from Michael S. Branicky, May 24 2022

a(14)-a(21) derived using A005115 and A093364 by Michael S. Branicky, May 24 2022

A333195 Numbers with three consecutive prime indices in arithmetic progression.

Original entry on oeis.org

8, 16, 24, 27, 30, 32, 40, 48, 54, 56, 60, 64, 72, 80, 81, 88, 96, 104, 105, 108, 110, 112, 120, 125, 128, 135, 136, 144, 150, 152, 160, 162, 168, 176, 184, 189, 192, 200, 208, 210, 216, 220, 224, 232, 238, 240, 243, 248, 250, 256, 264, 270, 272, 273, 280, 288

Offset: 1

Gus Wiseman, Mar 29 2020

nonn

Also numbers whose first differences of prime indices do not form an anti-run, meaning there are adjacent equal differences.

A prime index of n is a number m such that prime(m) divides n. The multiset of prime indices of n is row n of A112798.

			The sequence of terms together with their prime indices begins:
    8: {1,1,1}          105: {2,3,4}
   16: {1,1,1,1}        108: {1,1,2,2,2}
   24: {1,1,1,2}        110: {1,3,5}
   27: {2,2,2}          112: {1,1,1,1,4}
   30: {1,2,3}          120: {1,1,1,2,3}
   32: {1,1,1,1,1}      125: {3,3,3}
   40: {1,1,1,3}        128: {1,1,1,1,1,1,1}
   48: {1,1,1,1,2}      135: {2,2,2,3}
   54: {1,2,2,2}        136: {1,1,1,7}
   56: {1,1,1,4}        144: {1,1,1,1,2,2}
   60: {1,1,2,3}        150: {1,2,3,3}
   64: {1,1,1,1,1,1}    152: {1,1,1,8}
   72: {1,1,1,2,2}      160: {1,1,1,1,1,3}
   80: {1,1,1,1,3}      162: {1,2,2,2,2}
   81: {2,2,2,2}        168: {1,1,1,2,4}
   88: {1,1,1,5}        176: {1,1,1,1,5}
   96: {1,1,1,1,1,2}    184: {1,1,1,9}
  104: {1,1,1,6}        189: {2,2,2,4}

Wikipedia, Arithmetic progression

Anti-run compositions are counted by A003242.
Normal anti-runs of length n + 1 are counted by A005649.
Strict partitions with equal differences are A049980.
Partitions with equal differences are A049988.
These are the Heinz numbers of the partitions *not* counted by A238424.
Permutations avoiding triples in arithmetic progression are A295370.
Strict partitions avoiding triples in arithmetic progression are A332668.
Anti-run compositions are ranked by A333489.
Cf. A006560, A007862, A238423, A307824, A325328, A325849, A325852.

primeMS[n_]:=If[n==1,{},Flatten[Cases[FactorInteger[n],{p_,k_}:>Table[PrimePi[p],{k}]]]];
Select[Range[100],MatchQ[Differences[primeMS[#]],{_,x_,x_,_}]&]

A335277 First index of strictly increasing prime quartets.

Original entry on oeis.org

7, 13, 22, 28, 49, 60, 64, 69, 70, 75, 78, 85, 89, 95, 104, 116, 122, 123, 144, 148, 152, 155, 173, 178, 182, 195, 201, 206, 212, 215, 219, 225, 226, 230, 236, 237, 244, 253, 256, 257, 265, 288, 302, 307, 315, 325, 328, 329, 332, 333, 336, 348, 355, 361, 373

Offset: 1

Gus Wiseman, May 30 2020

nonn

Let g(i) = prime(i + 1) - prime(i). These are numbers k such that g(k) < g(k + 1) < g(k + 2).

			The first 10 strictly increasing prime quartets:
   17  19  23  29
   41  43  47  53
   79  83  89  97
  107 109 113 127
  227 229 233 239
  281 283 293 307
  311 313 317 331
  347 349 353 359
  349 353 359 367
  379 383 389 397
For example, 107 is the 28th prime, and the primes (107,109,113,127) have differences (2,4,14), which are strictly increasing, so 28 is in the sequence.

Prime gaps are A001223.
Second prime gaps are A036263.
Strictly decreasing prime quartets are A335278.
Equal prime quartets are A090832.
Weakly increasing prime quartets are A333383.
Weakly decreasing prime quartets are A333488.
Unequal prime quartets are A333490.
Partially unequal prime quartets are A333491.
Positions of adjacent equal prime gaps are A064113.
Positions of strict ascents in prime gaps are A258025.
Positions of strict descents in prime gaps are A258026.
Positions of adjacent unequal prime gaps are A333214.
Positions of weak ascents in prime gaps are A333230.
Positions of weak descents in prime gaps are A333231.
Lengths of maximal weakly decreasing sequences of prime gaps are A333212.
Lengths of maximal strictly increasing sequences of prime gaps are A333253.
Cf. A000040, A006560, A031217, A054800, A054819, A059044, A084758, A089180.

ReplaceList[Array[Prime,100],{_,x_,y_,z_,t_,_}/;y-xPrimePi[x]]

prime(a(n)) = A054819(n).

cp's OEIS Frontend

A373819 Run-lengths (differing by 0) of the run-lengths (differing by 2) of the odd primes.

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A335406 First position of n in the sequence of run-lengths of the sequence of prime gaps.

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A373824 Sorted positions of first appearances in the run-lengths (differing by 0) of the run-lengths (differing by 2) of the odd primes.

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A179067 Orders of consecutive clusters of twin primes.

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A332668 Number of strict integer partitions of n without three consecutive parts in arithmetic progression.

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A349644 Array read by antidiagonals, n >= 2, m >= 0: T(n,m) is the smallest prime p = prime(k) such that all n-th differences of (prime(k), ..., prime(k+n+m)) are zero.

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A354377 Initial terms associated with the arithmetic progressions of primes of A354376.

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A354376 Smallest prime which is at the end of an arithmetic progression of exactly n primes.

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