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The terms (n>0) may be written as a left-justified array with rows of length 2^m, m >= 0:

2,

3, 3,

5, 4, 5, 4,

8, 7, 7, 5, 8, 7, 7, 5,

13,11,12, 9,11,10, 9, 6,13,11,12, 9,11,10, 9, 6,

21,18,19,14,19,17,16,11,18,15,17,13,14,13,11, 7,21,18,19,14,19,17,...

All columns have the Fibonacci sequence property: a(2^(m+2) + k) = a(2^(m+1) + k) + a(2^m + k), m >= 0, 0 <= k < 2^m (empirical observations).

The terms (n>0) may also be written as a right-justified array with rows of length 2^m, m >= 0:

2,

3, 3,

5, 4, 5, 4,

8, 7, 7, 5, 8, 7, 7, 5,

13,11,12, 9,11,10, 9, 6,13,11,12, 9,11,10, 9, 6,

..., 18,15,17,13,14,13,11, 7,21,18,19,14,19,17,16,11,18,15,17,13,14,13,11, 7,

Each column is an arithmetic sequence. The differences of the arithmetic sequences give the sequence A071585: a(2^(m+1)-1-k) - a(2^m-1-k) = A071585(k), m >= 0, 0 <= k < 2^m.

n > 1 occurs in this sequence phi(n) = A000010(n) times, as it occurs in A007306 (Franklin T. Adams-Watters's comment), which is the sequence obtained by adding numerator and denominator in the Calkin-Wilf enumeration system of positive rationals. A245325(n)/A245326(n) is also an enumeration system of all positive rationals, and in each level m >= 0 (ranks between 2^m and 2^(m+1)-1) rationals are the same in both systems. Thus a(n) has the same terms in each level as A007306.

The same property occurs in all numerator+denominator sequences of enumeration systems of positive rationals, as, for example, A007306 (A007305+A047679), A071585 (A229742+A071766), A086592 (A020650+A020651), A268087 (A162909+A162910).

Like in A324338, a few terms preceding each position n = 2^k seem to be a batch of nearby Fibonacci numbers in some order.

For all n > 0 A324338(n)/A324337(n) constitutes an enumeration system of all positive rationals. For all n > 0 A324338(n) + A324337(n) = A071585(n). - Yosu Yurramendi, Oct 22 2019

Like in A324337, a few terms preceding each 2^k-th term (here always 1) seem to consist of a batch of nearby Fibonacci numbers (A000045) in some order. For example, a(65533) = 987, a(65534) = 610 and a(65535) = 1597.

For all n > 0 A324338(n)/A324337(n) constitutes an enumeration system of all positive rationals. For all n > 0 A324338(n) + A324337(n) = A071585(n). - Yosu Yurramendi, Oct 22 2019

This sequence is a permutation of the nonnegative integers with inverse A341916.

This sequence has connections with A003188; here we compute partials sums of runs from left to right, there from right to left.

Every positive integer occurs exactly once, so that, as a sequence, a(n) is a permutation of the positive integers.

Descending from the root node 1, generate tree by outer composition of L(n) = n + F(Finv(n)) and R(n) = n + F(Finv(n) + 1), respectively, according to left or right branching, where F(n) = A000045(n) are the Fibonacci numbers and Finv(n) = A130233(n) is the 'lower' Fibonacci inverse. This produces each number by maximal Fibonacci expansion (cf. example below of Method 2, entry A343152, and links).

(Level of tree): The number of terms in this expansion of n is the level of the tree on which n appears, A112310(n-1) + 1 = A200648(n+1). The number of terms in the expansion of a(n) is floor(log_2(n)) + 1 = A113473(n) = A070939(n) = A029837(n+1).

"Maximal Fibonacci expansion" maximizes the sum of coefficients over all Fibonacci numbers (of positive index), allowing both F(1) = 1 and F(2) = 1. Thus, it is just an expansion and not a representation (like "greedy" and "lazy"), as it "breaks the rule" by using two bits that correspond to elements of equal value, rather than using distinct basis elements (link). This reveals connections to the cf. sequences: Binary strings that emerge in lexicographic order from "maximal Fibonacci gaps" (example), binary trees of the positive integers, and I-D arrays "harvested" from the trees. To define the expansion uniquely, always include F(1), so that the expansion of positive integer n equals F(1) for n = 1 and F(1) prepended to the lazy Fibonacci representation of n-1 for n > 1. Hence, a(1) = 1, and for n > 1, a(n) = A095903(n-1) + 1. The "redundant" expansion arranges the positive integers in the single binary tree {T(n,k)}, rather than the two trees at A255773 and A255774 that result from representation (see link).

(Left-to-right order in tree): Each F(t)-sized block (F(t+1), ..., F(t+2) - 1) of successive positive integers ("Fibonacci cohort" t) appears in right-to-left order in the tree as reordered in A343152, where elements of each cohort appear consecutively (see link).

Descending from the root node 1, generate tree by the inner composition of A026351 and A026352, that is, one plus the sequences of lower and upper Wythoff numbers, A000201 and A001950, respectively, according to left or right branching (see example below of Method 1 and links).

Generate tree from (one plus) the number of (initial) zeros on the positive integers for the outer composition of sequences, A060143 and A060144, respectively, according to left or right branching descending from the identity (c.f example below of Method 3 and links).

The lower Wythoff numbers, A000201, appear exclusively in the 1st, 3rd, 5th, ... right clades of the tree, while the upper Wythoff numbers A001950, appear exclusively in the 2nd, 4th, 6th, ... right clades of the tree. Here, the k-th right clade comprises the nodes at positions 2^(k+1) and 2^k + 1, together with all descendants of the latter (link).

(Duality with tree A232560, and related arrays): Consider the labeled binary trees a(n) = A232560(A059893(n)) and A232560(n) = a(A059893(n)). Labels along maximal straight paths that always branch left in a(n) give rows of array A345252, while labels along maximal straight paths that always branch left in A232560 give rows of array A083047.

Sorting the labels from each successive right clade of the binary tree a(n) gives the successive columns of A083047, while sorting labels from each successive right clade of A232560 gives each successive column of A345252. This makes the trees a(n) and A232560 "blade-duals," blade being a contraction of branch-clade (see entry for A345254 and link). A200648(n)+1 gives the level of the tree on which elements of array first-columns A345252(n,1) and A083047(n,1) appear.

(Palindromes and coincidence of elements): Trees a(n) and A232560 coincide when the sequence of left and right branching is a palindrome: a(A329395(n)) = A232560(A329395(n)). As Kimberling notes (cf. A059893), this happens at fixed points of A059893(n) or, equivalently, at n for which A081242(n) is a palindrome.

The inverse permutation of a(n) as a sequence can be read from a "tetrangle" or "irregular triangle" tableau with F(t) (Fibonacci number) entries on each row t, for t = 1, 2, 3, ..., in which an entry on row t is 2*x the entry x immediately above it on row t-1, if such exists, or otherwise 2*x + 1 the entry x in the corresponding position on row t-2 (thus generating new rows as in A243571 but without sorting the numbers into increasing order, linked reference):

1,

2,

3, 4,

5, 6, 8,

7, 9, 10, 12, 16,

11, 13, 17, 14, 18, 20, 24, 32,

...

With the right-justified tableau substituted by a left-justified tableau, the same procedure yields the inverse permutation for the "minimal Fibonacci tree," A048680(A059893(n)), the "cohort-dual" tree of a(n), where "cohort" t is the F(t)-sized block of successive entries in the tableau (see entry for A345252, linked reference).

(Coincidence of elements): a(A020988(n)) = A048680(A059893(A020988(n))) = A099919(n) and a(A020989(n)) = A048680(A059893(A020989(n))) = A049651(n). Collectively, a(A061547(n)) = A048680(A059893(A061547(n))) = union(A049651(n), A099919(n)).

With two types of duality, the tree forms a quartet of binary-tree arrangements of the positive integers, together with its blade dual A232560, its cohort dual A048680(A059893), and blade dual A048680 of the latter.

Order in the tree is "memory-less": Let a(n) and a(m) label nodes at positions n and m, respectively. Let d1 and d2 be two descending paths, i.e., sequences branching left or right from a starting node. (Nodal positions for the left and right children of the node at position p are given by 2*p and 2*p + 1, resp., and d1 and d2 are compositions of these.) Then a(d1(n)) < a(d2(n)) if and only if a(d1(m)) < a(d2(m)) (linked reference).

Self-inverse permutation with swaps confined to terms of a given digit length (A134021) so within blocks n = (3^k+1)/2 .. (3^(k+1)-1)/2.

Can extend to negative n by a(-n) = -a(n).

A072998 is balanced ternary coded in decimal digits so that reversal except first digit of A072998(n) is at A072998(a(n)). Similarly its ternary equivalent A157671, and also A132141 ternary starting with 1.

These sequences all have a fixed initial digit followed by all ternary strings which is the reversed part. A007932 is such strings as decimal digits 1,2,3 but it omits the empty string so the whole reversal of A007932(n) is at A007932(a(n+1)-1).

Fixed points a(n) = n are where n in balanced ternary is a palindrome apart from its initial 1. These are the full balanced ternary palindromes with their least significant 1 removed, so all n = (A134027(m)-1)/3 for m>=2.

A binary index of n is any position of a 1 in its reversed binary expansion. The binary indices of n are row n of A048793.

A prime index of n is a number m such that prime(m) divides n. The multiset of prime indices of n is row n of A112798.

In A007931, the arithmetic is done from right to left, yielding reversals of the terms of A081242. In A007931, new wordlengths occur at 1,3,7,15,...; in A081242, they occur at 2,4,8,16,.... In A007931, indexing starts at 1 and the sequence is numerical; in A081242, indexing starts at 2, leaving room for the empty word at position 1 and the sequence consists of all binary words.

All terms are normal (A055932), meaning their prime indices cover an initial interval of positive integers.

Unsorted prime signature is the sequence of exponents in a number's prime factorization.

The k-th composition in standard order (row k of A066099) is obtained by taking the set of positions of 1's in the reversed binary expansion of k, prepending 0, taking first differences, and reversing again. This gives a bijective correspondence between nonnegative integers and integer compositions.

Unsorted prime signature (A124010) is the sequence of exponents in a number's prime factorization.

The k-th composition in standard order (row k of A066099) is obtained by taking the set of positions of 1's in the reversed binary expansion of k, prepending 0, taking first differences, and reversing again. This gives a bijective correspondence between nonnegative integers and integer compositions.