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a(n) tells which number in square array A083221 (the sieve of Eratosthenes) is at the same position where n is in array A246278. As both arrays have even numbers as their topmost row and primes as their leftmost column, both sequences are among the fixed points of this permutation.

Equally: a(n) tells which number in array A083140 is at the same position where n is in the array A246279, as they are the transposes of above two arrays.

Permutation A249817 preserves the smallest prime factor of n, i.e., A055396(A249817(n)) = A055396(n), in other words, keeps all the terms that appear on any row of A246278 on the same row of A083221. Permutations in this table are induced by changes that A249817 does onto each row of the latter table, thus permutation on row r of this table can be used to sort row r of A246278 into ascending order. I.e., A246278(r, A(r,c)) = A083221(r,c) [the corresponding row in the Sieve of Eratosthenes, where each row appears in monotone order].

The multi-set of cycle-sizes of permutation A249817 is a disjoint union of cycle-sizes of all permutations in this array. For example, A249817 has a 7-cycle (33 39 63 57 99 81 45) which originates from the 7-cycle (6 7 11 10 17 14 8) of A064216, which occurs as the second row in this table.

On each row, 4 is the first composite number (and the first term less than previous, apart from row 1), and on row n it occurs in position A250474(n). This follows because A001222(A246277(n)) = A001222(n)-1 and because on each row of A083221 (see A083140) all terms between the square of prime (second term on each row) and the first cube (of the same prime, this cube mapping in this array to 4) are nonsquare semiprimes (A006881), this implies that the corresponding terms in this array must be primes.

Also, as the smaller prime factor of the terms on row n of A083221 is constant, A020639(n), and for all i < j: A246277(p_{i} * p_{j}) < A246277(p_i * p_{j+1}), the primes on any row appear in monotone order.

This sequence is a permutation of A050376, so every positive integer is the product of a unique subset, S_factors, of its terms. If we restrict S_factors to be chosen from a subset, S_0, consisting of numbers from specified rows and/or columns of this array, there are notable sequences among those that may be generated. See the examples. Other notable sequences can be generated if we restrict the intersection of S_factors with specific rows/columns to have even cardinality. In any of the foregoing cases, the numbers in the resulting sequence form a group under the binary operation A059897(.,.).

Shares with array A246278 the property that columns grow downward by iterating A003961, and indeed, this array can be obtained from A246278 by selecting its columns 1, 2, 8, 128, ..., 2^((2^k)-1), for k >= 0.

A(n,k) is the image of the lattice point with coordinates X=n and Y=k under the inverse of the bijection f defined in the first comment of A306697. This geometric relationship can be used to construct an isomorphism from the polynomial ring GF(2)[x,y] to a ring over the positive integers, using methods similar to those for constructing A297845 and A306697. See A329329, the ring's multiplicative operator, for details.

Each row i is a multiplicative function, being in essence "the i-th power" of A003961, i.e., A(i,j) = A003961^i (j). Zeroth power gives an identity function, A001477, which occurs as the row zero.

The terms in the same column have the same prime signature.

The array is read by antidiagonals: A(0,0), A(0,1), A(1,0), A(0,2), A(1,1), A(2,0), ... .

The array is read by antidiagonals: A(1,1), A(1,2), A(2,1), A(1,3), A(2,2), A(3,1), etc.

The first row (A256450) contains all the numbers which have at least one 1-digit in their factorial base representation (see A007623), after which the successive rows are obtained from the terms on the row immediately above by shifting their factorial representation one left and then incrementing the nonzero digits in that representation with a factorial base shift-operation A255411.

Consider the square array A246278, and also A246275 which is obtained from the former when one is subtracted from each term.

In A246278 the even numbers occur at the top row, and all the rows below that contain only odd numbers, those subsequent terms in each column having been obtained by shifting all primes present in the prime factorization of number immediately above to one larger indices with A003961.

To compute a(n): we do the same process in reverse, by shifting primes in the prime factorization of n+1 step by step to smaller primes, until after k >= 0 such shifts with A064989, the result is even, with the smallest prime present being 2.

We subtract one from this even number and shift the binary expansion of the resulting odd number k positions left (i.e. multiply it with 2^k), which will be the result of a(n).

In the essence, a(n) tells which number in the array A135764 is at the same position where n is in the array A246275. As the topmost row in both arrays is A005408 (odd numbers), they are fixed, i.e., a(2n+1) = 2n+1 for all n.

A055396(n+1) tells on which row of A246275 n is, which is equal to the row of A246278 on which n+1 is.

A246277(n+1) tells in which column of A246275 n is, which is equal to the column of A246278 in which n+1 is.

These are the "first differences" between permutations of array A249821, in a sense that by composing the first k rows of this array [from left to right, as in a(n) = row_1(row_2(...(row_k(n))))], one obtains row k+1 of A249821.

On row n, the first A250473(n) terms are fixed, and the first non-fixed term comes at A250474(n).

These are the "first differences" between permutations of array A249822, in a sense that by composing the first k rows of this array [from right to left, as in a(n) = row_k(...(row_2(row_1(n))))], one obtains row k+1 of A249822.

On row n the first non-fixed term is A250474(n+1) at position A250474(n), i.e., on row 1 it is 5 at n=4, on row 2 it is 9 at n=5, on row 3 it is 14 at n=9, etc. All the previous A250473(n) terms are fixed.

The array is read by antidiagonals: A(1,1), A(1,2), A(2,1), A(1,3), A(2,2), A(3,1), etc.

This is transpose of array A256995.

If we assume that a(1) = 1 (but which is not explicitly included here because outside of the array proper), then A256998 gives the inverse permutation.