A000368 Number of connected graphs with one cycle of length 4.

1, 1, 4, 9, 28, 71, 202, 542, 1507, 4114, 11381, 31349, 86845, 240567, 668553, 1860361, 5188767, 14495502, 40572216, 113743293, 319405695, 898288484, 2530058013, 7135848125, 20152898513, 56986883801

Offset: 4

Author

N. J. A. Sloane

Keywords

• nonn

References

• F. Harary and E. Palmer, Graphical Enumeration, Academic Press, 1973, page 69.
• J. Riordan, An Introduction to Combinatorial Analysis, Wiley, 1958, p. 150.
• N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
• N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Links

• Vaclav Kotesovec, Table of n, a(n) for n = 4..2000 (terms 4..43 from Sean A. Irvine, 44..200 from Washington Bomfim)
• Washington Bomfim, Illustration of initial terms

Crossrefs

Column k=4 of A217781.

Cf. A000081, A000226, A001429, A005703.

Second diagonal of A058879.

Programs

Mathematica

Needs["Combinatorica`"]; nn = 30; s[n_, k_] := s[n, k] = a[n + 1 - k] + If[n < 2 k, 0, s[n - k, k]]; a[1] = 1; a[n_] := a[n] = Sum[a[i] s[n - 1, i] i, {i, 1, n - 1}]/(n - 1); rt = Table[a[i], {i, 1, nn}]; Take[CoefficientList[CycleIndex[DihedralGroup[4], s] /. Table[s[j] -> Table[Sum[rt[[i]] x^(k*i), {i, 1, nn}], {k, 1, nn}][[j]], {j, 1, nn}], x], {5, nn}]  (* Geoffrey Critzer, Oct 12 2012, after code given by Robert A. Russell in A000081 *)
A000081 = Rest[Cases[ Import["https://oeis.org/A000081/b000081.txt", "Table"], {, }][[All, 2]]]; max = 30; g81 = Sum[A000081[[k]]*x^k, {k, 1, max}]; g81x2 = Sum[A000081[[k]]*x^(2 k), {k, 1, max}]; g81x4 = Sum[A000081[[k]]*x^(4 k), {k, 1, max}]; Drop[CoefficientList[ Series[(2*g81x4 + 3*g81x2^2 + 2*g81^2*g81x2 + g81^4)/8, {x, 0, max}], x], 4] (* Vaclav Kotesovec, Dec 25 2020 *)

PARI

g(Q)={my(V=Vec(Q),D=Set(V),d=#D); if(d==4,return(3*f[D[1]]*f[D[2]]*f[D[3]]*f[D[4]]));
if(d==1, return((f[D[1]]^4+2*f[D[1]]^3+3*f[D[1]]^2+2*f[D[1]])/8));
my(k=1, m = #select(x->x == D[k],V), t); while(m==1, k++; m = #select(x->x == D[k], V)); t = D[1]; D[1] = D[k]; D[k] = t;
if(d == 3, return( f[D[1]] * f[D[2]] * f[D[3]] * (3 * f[D[1]] + 1)/2 ) );
if(m==3, return(f[D[1]]^2 * f[D[2]] * (f[D[1]] + 1)/2));
((3*f[D[2]]^2 + f[D[2]])*f[D[1]]^2 + (f[D[2]]^2 + 3*f[D[2]])*f[D[1]])/4 };
seq(max_n) = { my(s, a = vector(max_n), U); f = vector(max_n); f[1] = 1;
for(j=1, max_n - 1, if(j%100==0,print(j)); f[j+1] = 1/j * sum(k=1, j, sumdiv(k,d, d * f[d]) * f[j-k+1]));
for(n=4, max_n, s=0; forpart(Q = n, if( (Q[4] > Q[3]) && (Q[3]-1 > Q[2]),
      U = U / (f[Q[4] + 1] * f[Q[3] - 1]) * f[Q[4]] * f[Q[3]],  U = g(Q)); s += U,
[1,n],[4,4]); a[n] = s; if(n % 100 == 0, print(n": " s))); a[4..max_n] };
\\ Washington Bomfim, Jul 19 2012 and Dec 22 2020

Formula

From Washington Bomfim, Jul 19 2012 and Dec 22 2020: (Start)

a(n) = Sum_{P}( g(Q) ), where P is the set of the partitions Q of n with 4 parts, Q with distinct parts D[1]..D[d], D[1] the part of maximum multiplicity m in Q, f(n) = A000081(n), and g(Q) given by,

| 3 * f(D[1]) * f(D[2]) * f(D[3]) * f(D[4]), if d = 4,

| (f(D[1])^4 + 2*f(D[1])^3 + 3*f(D[1])^2 + 2*f(D[1]))/8, if d = 1,

g(Q) = | f(D[1]) * f(D[2]) * f(D[3]) * (3 * f(D[1]) + 1)/2, if d = 3,

| ((3*f(D[2])^2+f(D[2]))*f(D[1])^2+(f(D[2])^2+3*f(D[2]))*f(D[1]))/4,

| if d=2, and m=2,

| f(D[1])^2 * f(D[2]) * (f(D[1]) + 1)/2, if d=2, and m=3.

(End)

G.f.: (2*t(x^4) + 3*t(x^2)^2 + 2*t(x)^2*t(x^2) + t(x)^4)/8 where t(x) is the g.f. of A000081. - Andrew Howroyd, Dec 03 2020

a(n) ~ (A187770 + A339986) * A051491^n / (2 * n^(3/2)). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Dec 25 2020

Extensions

More terms from Vladeta Jovovic, Apr 20 2000

Definition improved by Franklin T. Adams-Watters, May 16 2006

More terms from Sean A. Irvine, Nov 14 2010