cp's OEIS Frontend

This is a front-end for the Online Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, made by Christian Perfect. The idea is to provide OEIS entries in non-ancient HTML, and then to think about how they're presented visually. The source code is on GitHub.

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A119262 Number of B-trees of order infinity with n leaves, where a(n) = Sum_{k=1..floor(n/2)} a(k)*C(n-k-1,n-2*k) for n >= 2, with a(0)=0, a(1)=1.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 14, 25, 46, 85, 158, 294, 548, 1022, 1908, 3567, 6683, 12556, 23669, 44781, 85046, 162122, 310157, 595322, 1146057, 2212004, 4278908, 8292738, 16097018, 31286456, 60873574, 118543329, 231009934, 450434739, 878687665
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Paul D. Hanna, May 11 2006

Keywords

Comments

A B-tree of order m is an ordered tree such that every node has at most m children, the root has at least 2 children, every node except the root has 0 or at least m/2 children, all end-nodes are at the same level. This sequence is the limit of the B-trees as m --> infinity.
Starting with offset 2, the eigensequence of triangle A011973. - Gary W. Adamson, Jul 08 2012
Number of balanced series-reduced rooted plane trees with n leaves. A rooted tree is series-reduced if every non-leaf node has at least two branches, and balanced if all leaves are the same distance from the root. - Gus Wiseman, Oct 07 2018

Examples

			A(x) = x + x^2 + x^3 + 2*x^4 + 3*x^5 + 5*x^6 + 8*x^7 + 14*x^8 + ...
Series form:
A(x) = x + x^2/(1-x) + x^4/((1-x)*((1-x)-x^2)) + x^8/((1-x)*((1-x)-x^2)*((1-x)*((1-x)-x^2)-x^4)) + ... + x^(2^n)/D(n,x) + x^(2^(n+1))/[D(n,x)*(D(n,x)-x^(2^n))] + ...
Terms also satisfy the series:
x = x*(1-x) + x^2*(1-x^2)/(1+x) + x^3*(1-x^3)/(1+x)^2 + 2*x^4*(1-x^4)/(1+x)^3 + 3*x^5*(1-x^5)/(1+x)^4 + 5*x^6*(1-x^6)/(1+x)^5 + 8*x^7*(1-x^7)/(1+x)^6 + 14*x^8*(1-x^8)/(1+x)^7 + 25*x^9*(1-x^9)/(1+x)^8 + ... + a(n)*x^n*(1-x^n)/(1+x)^(n-1) + ...
From _Gus Wiseman_, Oct 07 2018: (Start)
The a(1) = 1 through a(7) = 8 balanced series-reduced rooted plane trees:
  o  (oo)  (ooo)  (oooo)      (ooooo)      (oooooo)        (ooooooo)
                  ((oo)(oo))  ((oo)(ooo))  ((oo)(oooo))    ((oo)(ooooo))
                              ((ooo)(oo))  ((ooo)(ooo))    ((ooo)(oooo))
                                           ((oooo)(oo))    ((oooo)(ooo))
                                           ((oo)(oo)(oo))  ((ooooo)(oo))
                                                           ((oo)(oo)(ooo))
                                                           ((oo)(ooo)(oo))
                                                           ((ooo)(oo)(oo))
(End)

Links

Crossrefs

Cf. A092684 (similar recurrence); B-trees: A014535 (order 3), A037026 (order 4), A058521 (order 5).
Cf. A011973.
Cf. A000081, A000311, A001678, A048816, A079500, A120803, A316624, A320154, A320160, A320169.

Programs

  • Mathematica
    nn=38;f[x_]:=Sum[a[n]x^n,{n,0,nn}];a[0]=0;sol=SolveAlways[0==Series[f[x]-x-f[x^2/(1-x)],{x,0,nn}],x];Table[a[n],{n,0,nn}]/.sol  (* Geoffrey Critzer, Mar 28 2013 *)
  • PARI
    a(n)=if(n==0,0,if(n==1,1,sum(k=1,n\2,a(k)*binomial(n-k-1,n-2*k))))
for(n=1, 20, print1(a(n), ", "))
  • PARI
    /* From: A(x) = x + A(x^2/(1-x)) */
{a(n)=local(A=x);for(i=1,n,A=x+subst(A,x,x^2/(1-x+x*O(x^n))));polcoeff(A,n)}
for(n=1, 20, print1(a(n), ", "))
  • PARI
    /* From: x = Sum_{n>=1} a(n)*x^n*(1-x^n)/(1+x)^(n-1) */
a(n)=if(n==1, 1, -polcoeff(sum(k=1, n-1, a(k)*x^k*(1-x^k)/(1+x+x*O(x^n))^(k-1)), n))
for(n=1, 20, print1(a(n), ", ")) \\ Paul D. Hanna, Jul 31 2013

Formula

G.f. A(x) satisfies: A(x) = x + A(x^2/(1-x)).
G.f.: Sum_{n>=0} x^(2^n)/D(n,x) where D(0,x)=1, D(n+1,x) = D(n,x)*[D(n,x) - x^(2^n)].
G.f.: x = Sum_{n>=1} a(n) * x^n * (1-x^n) / (1+x)^(n-1). - Paul D. Hanna, Jul 31 2013
Conjecture: Let M_n be an n X n matrix whose elements are m_ij = 0 for i < j - 1, m_ij = -1 for i = j - 1, and m_ij = binomial(i - j, n - i) otherwise. Then a(n + 1) = Det(M_n). - Benedict W. J. Irwin, Apr 19 2017

A106624 Expansion of g.f.: (1 - x^2 + x^3)/((1-x^2)*(1-2*x^2)).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 2, 1, 4, 3, 8, 7, 16, 15, 32, 31, 64, 63, 128, 127, 256, 255, 512, 511, 1024, 1023, 2048, 2047, 4096, 4095, 8192, 8191, 16384, 16383, 32768, 32767, 65536, 65535, 131072, 131071, 262144, 262143, 524288, 524287, 1048576, 1048575, 2097152
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Robert H Barbour, May 10 2005

Keywords

Comments

Cumulative column frequency of occurrence of 0's and 1's iterated in a binary tree where each node in the tree holds a value of 0 or 1, beginning with a count of 1.

References

  • Douglas Comer, Ubiquitous B-Tree, ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), (1979), Volume 11 Issue 2.
  • Huffman, D. A., A method for the construction of minimum redundancy codes, Proc. IRE 40 (1951), 1098-1101.
  • Knuth, D. E., Dynamic Huffman coding. J. Algorithms 6 (1985), 163-180.

Links

Crossrefs

Cf. A016116, A014535, A037026, A058518 - A058521, A000079 (bisection), A000225 (bisection).

Programs

  • Magma
    [2^Floor(n/2) + Floor((-1)^n - 1)/2: n in [0..50]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Aug 17 2011
  • Maple
    A106624 := proc(N)
    2^floor(n/2)+((-1)^n-1)/2 ;
end proc:
seq(A106624(n),n=0..20) ; # R. J. Mathar, Apr 14 2018
  • Mathematica
    Table[2^Floor[n/2] +Floor[(-1)^n-1]/2, {n,0,50}] (* G. C. Greubel, Feb 19 2019 *)
  • PARI
    vector(50,n, n--; 2^floor(n/2) +floor((-1)^n-1)/2) \\ G. C. Greubel, Feb 19 2019
  • Sage
    [2^floor(n/2) +floor((-1)^n-1)/2 for n in (0..50)] # G. C. Greubel, Feb 19 2019

Formula

a(n) = 2^floor(n/2) + floor((-1)^n - 1)/2. - N. J. A. Sloane, May 15 2005

Extensions

New definition from N. J. A. Sloane, May 15 2008
Edited by N. J. A. Sloane, Aug 29 2008 at the suggestion of R. J. Mathar
Showing 1-2 of 2 results.

Started in 1964 by Neil J. A. Sloane | Maintained by The OEIS Foundation Inc.

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