A089677 Exponential convolution of A000670(n), with A000670(0)=0, with the sequence of all ones alternating in sign.

0, 1, 1, 7, 37, 271, 2341, 23647, 272917, 3543631, 51123781, 811316287, 14045783797, 263429174191, 5320671485221, 115141595488927, 2657827340990677, 65185383514567951, 1692767331628422661, 46400793659664205567, 1338843898122192101557

Offset: 0

Author

Mario Catalani (mario.catalani(AT)unito.it), Jan 03 2004

Keywords

• easy
• nonn

Comments

Stirling transform of A005212(n)=[1,0,6,0,120,0,5040,...] is a(n)=[1,1,7,37,271,...]. - Michael Somos, Mar 04 2004

Occurs also as first column of a matrix-inversion occurring in a sum-of-like-powers problem. Consider the problem for any fixed natural number m>2 of finding solutions to sum(k=1,n,k^m) = (k+1)^m. Erdos conjectured that there are no solutions for n,m>2. Let D be the matrix of differences of D[m,n] := sum(k=1,n,k^m) - (k+1)^m. Then the generating functions for the rows of this matrix D constitute a set of polynomials in n (for varying n along columns) and the m-th polynomial defining the m-th row. Let GF_D be the matrix of the coefficients of this set of polynomials. Then the present sequence is the (unsigned) second column of GF_D^-1. - Gottfried Helms, Apr 01 2007

Examples

			From _Gus Wiseman_, Jan 06 2021: (Start)
a(n) is the number of ordered set partitions of {1..n} into an odd number of blocks. The a(1) = 1 through a(3) = 7 ordered set partitions are:
  {{1}}  {{1,2}}  {{1,2,3}}
                  {{1},{2},{3}}
                  {{1},{3},{2}}
                  {{2},{1},{3}}
                  {{2},{3},{1}}
                  {{3},{1},{2}}
                  {{3},{2},{1}}
(End)
		

Links

• Vincenzo Librandi, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..200
• J.-C. Aval, V. Féray, J.-C. Novelli, J.-Y. Thibon, Quasi-symmetric functions as polynomial functions on Young diagrams, arXiv preprint arXiv:1312.2727, 2013
• Gottfried Helms, Discussion of a problem concerning summing of like powers

Crossrefs

Ordered set partitions are counted by A000670.

The case of (unordered) set partitions is A024429.

The complement (even-length ordered set partitions) is counted by A052841.

A058695 counts partitions of odd numbers, ranked by A300063.

A101707 counts partitions of odd positive rank.

A160786 counts odd-length partitions of odd numbers, ranked by A300272.

A340102 counts odd-length factorizations into odd factors.

A340692 counts partitions of odd rank.

Other cases of odd length:

- A027193 counts partitions of odd length.

- A067659 counts strict partitions of odd length.

- A166444 counts compositions of odd length.

- A174726 counts ordered factorizations of odd length.

- A332304 counts strict compositions of odd length.

- A339890 counts factorizations of odd length.

Cf. A000700, A026424, A027187, A028260, A078408, A174725, A236914, A340101.

Programs

Maple

h := n -> add(combinat:-eulerian1(n,k)*2^k,k=0..n):
a := n -> (h(n)-(-1)^n)/2: seq(a(n),n=0..20); # Peter Luschny, Jul 09 2015

Mathematica

Table[Sum[Binomial[n, k](-1)^(n-k)Sum[i! StirlingS2[k, i], {i, 1, k}], {k, 0, n}], {n, 0, 20}]

PARI

a(n)=if(n<0,0,n!*polcoeff(subst(y/(1-y^2),y,exp(x+x*O(x^n))-1),n))

PARI

{a(n)=polcoeff(sum(m=0,n,(2*m+1)!*x^(2*m+1)/prod(k=1,2*m+1,1-k*x+x*O(x^n))),n)} /* Paul D. Hanna, Jul 20 2011 */

Sage

def A089677_list(len):  # with a(0)=1
    e, r = [1], [1]
    for i in (1..len-1):
        for k in range(i-1, -1, -1): e[k] = (e[k]*i)//(i-k)
        r.append(-sum(e[j]*(-1)^(i-j) for j in (0..i-1)))
        e.append(sum(e))
    return r
A089677_list(21) # Peter Luschny, Jul 09 2015

Formula

E.g.f.: (exp(x)-1)/(exp(x)*(2-exp(x))).

O.g.f.: Sum_{n>=0} (2*n+1)! * x^(2*n+1) / Product_{k=1..2*n+1} (1-k*x). - Paul D. Hanna, Jul 20 2011

a(n)=Sum(Binomial(n, k)(-1)^(n-k)Sum(i! Stirling2(k, i), i=1, ..k), k=0, .., n).

a(n) = (A000670(n)-(-1)^n)/2. - Vladeta Jovovic, Jan 17 2005

a(n) ~ n! / (4*(log(2))^(n+1)). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Feb 25 2014

a(n) = Sum_{k=0..floor(n/2)} (2*k+1)!*Stirling2(n, 2*k+1). - Peter Luschny, Sep 20 2015