A106517 -id:A106517 - cp's OEIS frontend

A192744 Constant term of the reduction by x^2->x+1 of the polynomial p(n,x) defined below in Comments.

1, 1, 3, 8, 29, 133, 762, 5215, 41257, 369032, 3676209, 40333241, 483094250, 6271446691, 87705811341, 1314473334832, 21017294666173, 357096406209005, 6424799978507178, 122024623087820183, 2439706330834135361, 51219771117454755544

Offset: 0

Clark Kimberling, Jul 09 2011

nonn

The titular polynomial is defined recursively by p(n,x)=x*p(n-1,x)+n! for n>0, where p(0,x)=1; see the Example.  For an introduction to polynomial reduction, see A192232.  The discussion at A192232 Comments continues here:
...
Let R(p,q,s) denote the "reduction of polynomial p by q->s" as defined at A192232.  Suppose that q(x)=x^k for some k>0 and that s(x)=s(k,0)*x^(k-1)+s(k,1)*x^(k-2)+...+s(k,k-2)x+s(k,k-1).
...
First, we shall take p(x)=x^n, where n>=0; the results will be used to formulate R(p,q,s) for general p.  Represent R(x^n,q,s) by
...
R(x^n)=s(n,0)*x^(k-1)+s(n,1)*x^(k-2)+...+s(n,k-2)*x+s(n,k-1).
...
Then each of the sequences u(n)=s(n,h), for h=0,1,...,k-1, satisfies this linear recurrence relation:
...
u(n)=s(k,0)*u(n-1)+s(k,1)*u(n-2)+...+s(k,k-2)*u(n-k-1)+s(k,k-1)*u(n-k), with initial values tabulated here:
...
n: ..s(n,0)...s(n,1)..s(n,2).......s(n,k-2)..s(n,k-1)
0: ....0........0.......0..............0.......1
1: ....0........0.......0..............1.......0
...
k-2: ..0........1.......0..............0.......0
k-1: ..0........0.......0..............0.......0
k: ..s(k,0)...s(k,1)..s(k,2).......s(k,k-2)..s(k,k-1)
...
That completes the formulation for p(x)=x^n.  Turning to the general case, suppose that
...
p(n,x)=p(n,0)*x^n+p(n,1)*x^(n-1)+...+p(n,n-1)*x+p(n,n)
...
is a polynomial of degree n>=0.  Then the reduction denoted by (R(p(n,x) by x^k -> s(x)) is the polynomial of degree k-1 given by the matrix product P*S*X, where P=(p(n,0)...p(n,1).........p(n-k)...p(n,n-k+1); X has all 0's except for main diagonal (x^(k-1), x^(k-2)...x,1); and S has
...
row 1: ... s(n,0) ... s(n,1) ...... s(n,k-2) . s(n,k-1)
row 2: ... s(n-1,0) . s(n-1,1) .... s(n-1,k-2) s(n-1,k-1)
...
row n-k+1: s(k,0).... s(k,1) ...... s(k,k-2) ..s(k,k-1)
row n-k+2: p(n,n-k+1) p(n,n-k+2) .. p(n,n-1) ..p(n,n)
*****
As a class of examples, suppose that (v(n)), for n>=0, is a sequence, that p(0,x)=1, and p(n,x)=v(n)+p(n-1,x) for n>0.  If q(x)=x^2 and s(x)=x+1, and we write the reduction R(p(n,x)) as u1(n)*x+u2(n), then the sequences u1 and u2 are convolutions with the Fibonacci sequence, viz., let F=(0,1,1,2,3,5,8,...)=A000045 and let G=(1,0,1,1,2,3,5,8...); then u1=G**v and u2=F**v, where ** denotes convolution.  Examples (with a few exceptions for initial terms):
...
If v(n)=n! then u1=A192744, u2=A192745.
If v(n)=n+1 then u1=A000071, u2=A001924.
If v(n)=2n then u1=A014739, u2=A027181.
If v(n)=2n+1 then u1=A001911, u2=A001891.
If v(n)=3n+1 then u1=A027961, u2=A023537.
If v(n)=3n+2 then u1=A192746, u2=A192747.
If v(n)=3n then u1=A154691, u2=A192748.
If v(n)=4n+1 then u1=A053311, u2=A192749.
If v(n)=4n+2 then u1=A192750, u2=A192751.
If v(n)=4n+3 then u1=A192752, u2=A192753.
If v(n)=4n then u1=A147728, u2=A023654.
If v(n)=5n+1 then u1=A192754, u2=A192755.
If v(n)=5n then u1=A166863, u2=A192756.
If v(n)=floor((n+1)tau) then u1=A192457, u2=A023611.
If v(n)=floor((n+2)/2) then u1=A052952, u2=A129696.
If v(n)=floor((n+3)/3) then u1=A004695, u2=A178982.
If v(n)=floor((n+4)/4) then u1=A080239, u2=A192758.
If v(n)=floor((n+5)/5) then u1=A124502, u2=A192759.
If v(n)=n+2 then u1=A001594, u2=A192760.
If v(n)=n+3 then u1=A022318, u2=A192761.
If v(n)=n+4 then u1=A022319, u2=A192762.
If v(n)=2^n then u1=A027934, u2=A008766.
If v(n)=3^n then u1=A106517, u2=A094688.

			The first five polynomials and their reductions:
1 -> 1
1+x -> 1+x
2+x+x^2 -> 3+2x
6+2x+x^2+x^3 -> 8+5x
24+6x+2x^2+x^3+x^4 -> 29+13x, so that
A192744=(1,1,3,8,29,...) and A192745=(0,1,2,5,13,...).

Cf. A192232.

A192744p := proc(n,x)
    option remember;
    if n = 0 then
        1;
    else
        x*procname(n-1,x)+n! ;
        expand(%) ;
    end if;
end proc:
A192744 := proc(n)
    local p;
    p := A192744p(n,x) ;
    while degree(p,x) > 1 do
        p := algsubs(x^2=x+1,p) ;
        p := expand(p) ;
    end do:
    coeftayl(p,x=0,0) ;
end proc: # R. J. Mathar, Dec 16 2015

q = x^2; s = x + 1; z = 40;
p[0, n_] := 1; p[n_, x_] := x*p[n - 1, x] + n!;
Table[Expand[p[n, x]], {n, 0, 7}]
reduce[{p1_, q_, s_, x_}] :=
FixedPoint[(s PolynomialQuotient @@ #1 +
       PolynomialRemainder @@ #1 &)[{#1, q, x}] &, p1]
t = Table[reduce[{p[n, x], q, s, x}], {n, 0, z}];
u1 = Table[Coefficient[Part[t, n], x, 0], {n, 1, z}]
  (* A192744 *)
u2 = Table[Coefficient[Part[t, n], x, 1], {n, 1, z}]
  (* A192745 *)

G.f.: (1-x)/(1-x-x^2)/Q(0), where Q(k)= 1 - x*(k+1)/(1 - x*(k+1)/Q(k+1)); (continued fraction). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, May 20 2013
Conjecture: a(n) +(-n-2)*a(n-1) +2*(n-1)*a(n-2) +3*a(n-3) +(-n+2)*a(n-4)=0. - R. J. Mathar, May 04 2014
Conjecture: (-n+2)*a(n) +(n^2-n-1)*a(n-1) +(-n^2+3*n-3)*a(n-2) -(n-1)^2*a(n-3)
=0. - R. J. Mathar, Dec 16 2015

A101220 a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} Fibonacci(n-k)*n^k.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 3, 14, 91, 820, 9650, 140601, 2440317, 49109632, 1123595495, 28792920872, 816742025772, 25402428294801, 859492240650847, 31427791175659690, 1234928473553777403, 51893300561135516404, 2322083099525697299278

Offset: 0

Ross La Haye, Dec 14 2004

In what follows a(i,j,k) denotes a three-dimensional array, the terms a(n) are defined as a(n,n,n) in that array. - Joerg Arndt, Jan 03 2021
Previous name was: Three-dimensional array: a(i,j,k) = expansion of x*(1 + (i-j)*x)/((1-j*x)*(1-x-x^2)), read by a(n,n,n).
a(i,j,k) = the k-th value of the convolution of the Fibonacci numbers (A000045) with the powers of i = Sum_{m=0..k} a(i-1,j,m), both for i = j and i > 0; a(i,j,k) = a(i-1,j,k) + a(j,j,k-1), for i,k > 0; a(i,1,k) = Sum_{m=0..k} a(i-1,0,m), for i > 0. With F = Fibonacci and L = Lucas, then a(1,1,k) = F(k+2) - 1; a(2,1,k) = F(k+3) - 2; a(3,1,k) = L(k+2) - 3; a(4,1,k) = 4*F(k+1) + F(k) - 4; a(1,2,k) = 2^k - F(k+1); a(2,2,k) = 2^(k+1) - F(k+3); a(3,2,k) = 3(2^k - F(k+2)) + F(k); a(4,2,k) = 2^(k+2) - F(k+4) - F(k+2); a(1,3,k) = (3^k + L(k-1))/5, for k > 0; a(2,3,k) = (2 * 3^k - L(k)) /5, for k > 0; a(3,3,k) = (3^(k+1) - L(k+2))/5; a(4,3,k) = (4 * 3^k - L(k+2) - L(k+1))/5, etc..

			a(1,3,3) = 6 because a(1,3,0) = 0, a(1,3,1) = 1, a(1,3,2) = 2 and 4*2 - 2*1 - 3*0 = 6.

G. C. Greubel, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..385
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Fibonacci Number
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Lucas Number

a(0, j, k) = A000045(k).
a(1, 2, k+1) - a(1, 2, k) = A099036(k).
a(3, 2, k+1) - a(3, 2, k) = A104004(k).
a(4, 2, k+1) - a(4, 2, k) = A027973(k).
a(1, 3, k+1) - a(1, 3, k) = A099159(k).
a(i, 0, k) = A109754(i, k).
a(i, i+1, 3) = A002522(i+1).
a(i, i+1, 4) = A071568(i+1).
a(2^i-2, 0, k+1) = A118654(i, k), for i > 0.
Sequences of the form a(n, 0, k): A000045(k+1) (n=1), A000032(k) (n=2), A000285(k-1) (n=3), A022095(k-1) (n=4), A022096(k-1) (n=5), A022097(k-1) (n=6), A022098(k-1) (n=7), A022099(k-1) (n=8), A022100(k-1) (n=9), A022101(k-1) (n=10), A022102(k-1) (n=11), A022103(k-1) (n=12), A022104(k-1) (n=13), A022105(k-1) (n=14), A022106(k-1) (n=15), A022107(k-1) (n=16), A022108(k-1) (n=17), A022109(k-1) (n=18), A022110(k-1) (n=19), A088209(k-2) (n=k-2), A007502(k) (n=k-1), A094588(k) (n=k).
Sequences of the form a(1, n, k): A000071(k+2) (n=1), A027934(k-1) (n=2), A098703(k) (n=3).
Sequences of the form a(2, n, k): A001911(k) (n=1), A008466(k+1) (n=2), A106517(k-1) (n=3).
Sequences of the form a(3, n, k): A027961(k) (n=1), A094688(k) (n=3).
Sequences of the form a(4, n, k): A053311(k-1) (n=1), A027974(k-1) (n=2).
Cf. A001622, A001891, A001924, A023537, A104161, A106517.

A101220:= func< n | (&+[n^k*Fibonacci(n-k): k in [0..n]]) >;
[A101220(n): n in [0..30]]; // G. C. Greubel, Jun 01 2025

Join[{0}, Table[Sum[Fibonacci[n-k]*n^k, {k, 0, n}], {n, 1, 20}]] (* Vaclav Kotesovec, Jan 03 2021 *)

a(n)=sum(k=0,n,fibonacci(n-k)*n^k) \\ Joerg Arndt, Jan 03 2021

def A101220(n): return sum(n^k*fibonacci(n-k) for k in range(n+1))
print([A101220(n) for n in range(31)]) # G. C. Greubel, Jun 01 2025

a(i, j, 0) = 0, a(i, j, 1) = 1, a(i, j, 2) = i+1; a(i, j, k) = ((j+1)*a(i, j, k-1)) - ((j-1)*a(i, j, k-2)) - (j*a(i, j, k-3)), for k > 2.
a(i, j, k) = Fibonacci(k) + i*a(j, j, k-1), for i, k > 0.
a(i, j, k) = (Phi^k - (-Phi)^-k + i(((j^k - Phi^k) / (j - Phi)) - ((j^k - (-Phi)^-k) / (j - (-Phi)^-1)))) / sqrt(5), where Phi denotes the golden mean/ratio (A001622).
i^k = a(i-1, i, k) + a(i-2, i, k+1).
A104161(k) = Sum_{m=0..k} a(k-m, 0, m).
a(i, j, 0) = 0, a(i, j, 1) = 1, a(i, j, 2) = i+1, a(i, j, 3) = i*(j+1) + 2; a(i, j, k) = (j+2)*a(i, j, k-1) - 2*j*a(i, j, k-2) - a(i, j, k-3) + j*a(i, j, k-4), for k > 3. a(i, j, 0) = 0, a(i, j, 1) = 1; a(i, j, k) = a(i, j, k-1) + a(i, j, k-2) + i * j^(k-2), for k > 1.
G.f.: x*(1 + (i-j)*x)/((1-j*x)*(1-x-x^2)).
a(n, n, n) = Sum_{k=0..n} Fibonacci(n-k) * n^k. - Ross La Haye, Jan 14 2006
Sum_{m=0..k} binomial(k,m)*(i-1)^m = a(i-1,i,k) + a(i-2,i,k+1), for i > 1. - Ross La Haye, May 29 2006
From Ross La Haye, Jun 03 2006: (Start)
a(3, 3, k+1) - a(3, 3, k) = A106517(k).
a(1, 1, k) = A001924(k) - A001924(k-1), for k > 0.
a(2, 1, k) = A001891(k) - A001891(k-1), for k > 0.
a(3, 1, k) = A023537(k) - A023537(k-1), for k > 0.
Sum_{j=0..i+1} a(i-j+1, 0, j) - Sum_{j=0..i} a(i-j, 0, j) = A001595(i). (End)
a(i,j,k) = a(j,j,k) + (i-j)*a(j,j,k-1), for k > 0.
a(n) ~ n^(n-1). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Jan 03 2021

New name from Joerg Arndt, Jan 03 2021

A106516 A Pascal-like triangle based on 3^n.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 3, 1, 9, 4, 1, 27, 13, 5, 1, 81, 40, 18, 6, 1, 243, 121, 58, 24, 7, 1, 729, 364, 179, 82, 31, 8, 1, 2187, 1093, 543, 261, 113, 39, 9, 1, 6561, 3280, 1636, 804, 374, 152, 48, 10, 1, 19683, 9841, 4916, 2440, 1178, 526, 200, 58, 11, 1, 59049, 29524, 14757, 7356, 3618, 1704, 726, 258, 69, 12, 1

Offset: 0

Paul Barry, May 05 2005

Row sums are A027649. Antidiagonal sums are A106517.
From Wolfdieter Lang, Jan 09 2015: (Start)
Alternating row sums give A025192. The A-sequence of this Riordan lower triangular matrix is [1, 1, repeat(0, )] (leading to the Pascal recurrence for T(n,k) for n >= k >= 1. The Z-sequence is [3, repeat(0, )] (leading to the recurrence T(n,0) = 3*T(n-1,0), n >= 1. For A- and Z-sequences see the W. Lang link under A006232.
The inverse of this Riordan matrix is Tinv = ((1 - 2*x)/(1 + x), x/(1 + x)) given as a signed version of A093560: Tinv(n,m) = (-1)^(n-m)*A093560(n,m). (End)

			The triangle T(n,k) begins:
n\k     0     1     2    3    4    5   6   7  8  9 10 ...
0:      1
1:      3     1
2:      9     4     1
3:     27    13     5    1
4:     81    40    18    6    1
5:    243   121    58   24    7    1
6:    729   364   179   82   31    8   1
7:   2187  1093   543  261  113   39   9   1
8:   6561  3280  1636  804  374  152  48  10  1
9:  19683  9841  4916 2440 1178  526 200  58 11  1
10: 59049 29524 14757 7356 3618 1704 726 258 69 12  1
... reformatted and extended. - _Wolfdieter Lang_, Jan 06 2015
----------------------------------------------------------
With the array M(k) as defined in the Formula section, the infinite product M(0)*M(1)*M(2)*... begins
/ 1        \/1           \/1        \       /1         \
| 3  1     ||0  1        ||0 1      |      | 3  1      |
| 9  4 1   ||0  3  1     ||0 0 1    |... = | 9  7  1   |
|27 13 5 1 ||0  9  4 1   ||0 0 3 1  |      |27 37 12 1 |
|...       ||0 27 13 5 1 ||0 0 9 4 1|      |...        |
|...       ||...         ||...      |      |...        |
= A143495. - _Peter Bala_, Dec 23 2014

Columns 1, 2, 3, 4, 5: A003462, A000340, A052150, A097786, A097787.

Cf. A055248, A143495.

a106516[n_] := Block[{a, k},
a[x_] := Flatten@ Last@ Reap[For[k = -1, k < x, Sow[Binomial[x, k] +
2 Sum[3^(i - 1)*Binomial[x - i, k], {i, 1, x}]], k++]]; Flatten@Array[a, n, 0]]; a106516[11] (* Michael De Vlieger, Dec 23 2014 *)

Riordan array (1/(1-3x), x/(1-x)); Number triangle T(n, 0)=A000244(n), T(n, k)=T(n-1, k-1)+T(n-1, k); T(n, k)=sum{j=0..n, binomial(n, k+j)2^j}.
From Peter Bala, Jul 16 2013: (Start)
T(n,k) = binomial(n,k) + 2*sum {i = 1..n} 3^(i-1)*binomial(n-i,k).
O.g.f.: (1 - t)/( (1 - 3*t)*(1 - (1 + x)*t) ) = 1 + (3 + x)*t + (9 + 4*x + x^2)*t^2 + ....
The n-th row polynomial R(n,x) = 1/(x - 2)*( x*(x + 1)^n - 2*3^n ). (End)
Closed-form formula for arbitrary left and right borders of Pascal-like triangle see A228196. - Boris Putievskiy, Aug 19 2013
T(n,k) = 4*T(n-1,k) + T(n-1,k-1) - 3*T(n-2,k) - 3*T(n-2,k-1), T(0,0)=1, T(1,0)=3, T(1,1)=1, T(n,k)=0 if k<0 or if k>n. - Philippe Deléham, Dec 26 2013
From Peter Bala, Dec 23 2014: (Start)
exp(x) * e.g.f. for row n = e.g.f. for diagonal n. For example, for n = 3 we have exp(x)*(27 + 13*x + 5*x^2/2! + x^3/3!) = 27 + 40*x + 58*x^2/2! + 82*x^3/3! + 113*x^4/4! + .... The same property holds more generally for Riordan arrays of the form ( f(x), x/(1 - x) ).
Let M denote the present triangle. For k = 0,1,2,... define M(k) to be the lower unit triangular block array
/I_k 0\
\ 0  M/ having the k X k identity matrix I_k as the upper left block; in particular, M(0) = M. The infinite product M(0)*M(1)*M(2)*..., which is clearly well-defined, is equal to A143495 (but with a different offset). See the Example section. Cf. A055248. (End)
n-th row polynomial R(n, x) = (2*3^n - x*(1 + x)^n)/(2 - x). - Peter Bala, Mar 05 2025

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A192744 Constant term of the reduction by x^2->x+1 of the polynomial p(n,x) defined below in Comments.

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A101220 a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} Fibonacci(n-k)*n^k.

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A106516 A Pascal-like triangle based on 3^n.

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