A125812 -id:A125812 - cp's OEIS frontend

A125810 Triangle of q-Bell number coefficients, read by rows that form polynomials in q, giving the eigensequence for the triangle of q-binomial coefficients.

1, 1, 2, 4, 1, 8, 4, 3, 16, 12, 13, 8, 3, 32, 32, 42, 38, 33, 15, 10, 1, 64, 80, 120, 133, 145, 121, 98, 60, 37, 15, 4, 128, 192, 320, 408, 507, 526, 544, 457, 391, 281, 195, 104, 61, 20, 6, 256, 448, 816, 1160, 1585, 1875, 2189, 2259, 2256, 2066, 1819, 1450, 1133, 777, 506, 300, 158, 65, 25, 4

Offset: 0

Paul D. Hanna, Dec 10 2006

Row n evaluated at sample values of q are as follows:
R_n(q=1) = A000110(n) (Bell numbers);
R_n(q=-1) = A080107(n) (fixed points of permutation of SetPartitions);
R_n(q=2) = A125812; R_n(q=3) = A125813; R_n(q=4) = A125814; R_n(q=5) = A125815.
T(n,k) is the number of set partitions of [n] having exactly k inversions. T(5,4)=3: 145|23, 145|2|3, 15|24|3; T(6,6) = 10: 1456|23, 156|234, 156|23|4, 1456|2|3, 146|25|3, 16|245|3, 156|2|34, 16|25|34, 156|2|3|4, 16|25|3|4. - Alois P. Heinz, Apr 03 2016

			Row g.f.s B_q(n) are polynomials in q generated by:
B_q(n) = Sum_{j=0..n-1} B_q(j) * C_q(n-1,j) for n>0 with B_q(0)=1
where the triangle of q-binomial coefficients C_q(n,k) begins:
1;
1, 1;
1, 1 + q, 1;
1, 1 + q + q^2, 1 + q + q^2, 1;
1, 1 + q + q^2 + q^3, 1 + q + 2*q^2 + q^3 + q^4, 1 + q + q^2 + q^3, 1;
The initial q-Bell coefficients in B_q(n) are:
B_q(0) = 1; B_q(1) = 1; B_q(2) = 2;
B_q(3) = 4 + q;
B_q(4) = 8 + 4*q + 3*q^2;
B_q(5) = 16 + 12*q + 13*q^2 + 8*q^3 + 3*q^4;
B_q(6) = 32 + 32*q + 42*q^2 + 38*q^3 + 33*q^4 + 15*q^5 + 10*q^6 + q^7.
Number of terms in row n is given by A125811, which starts:
1,1,1,2,3,5,8,11,15,20,26,32,39,47,56,66,76,87,99,112,126,141,156,...
Triangle begins:
    1;
    1;
    2;
    4,   1;
    8,   4,   3;
   16,  12,  13,    8,    3;
   32,  32,  42,   38,   33,   15,   10,    1;
   64,  80, 120,  133,  145,  121,   98,   60,   37,   15,    4;
  128, 192, 320,  408,  507,  526,  544,  457,  391,  281,  195,  104,   61,  20, 6;
  256, 448, 816, 1160, 1585, 1875, 2189, 2259, 2256, 2066, 1819, 1450, 1133, 777, 506, 300, 158, 65, 25, 4;
  ...

Alois P. Heinz, Rows n = 0..50, flattened
Arvind Ayyer and Naren Sundaravaradan, An area-bounce exchanging bijection on a large subset of Dyck paths, arXiv:2401.14668 [math.CO], 2024. See p. 20.

Cf. A000110 (row sums), A080107, A125811, A125812, A125813, A125814, A125815.

Cf. A264082, A381299.

b:= proc(o, u, t) option remember; expand(
     `if`(u+o=0, 1, `if`(t>0, b(u+o, 0$2), 0)+add(x^(u+j-1)*
        b(o-j, u+j-1, min(2, t+1)), j=`if`(t=0, 1, 1..o))))
    end:
T:= n-> (p-> seq(coeff(p, x, i), i=0..degree(p)))(b(n, 0$2)):
seq(T(n), n=0..10);  # Alois P. Heinz, Feb 21 2025

QB[n_, q_] := QB[n, q] = Sum[QB[j, q] QBinomial[n-1, j, q], {j, 0, n-1}] // FunctionExpand // Simplify; QB[0, q_]=1; QB[1, q_]=1; Table[ CoefficientList[QB[n, q], q], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Feb 29 2016 *)

/* q-Binomial coefficients: */
{C_q(n, k) = if(n

T(n,0) = 2^(n-1) for n>0. G.f. of row n is a polynomial in q, B_q(n), that is generated by the recurrence: B_q(n) = Sum_{j=0..n-1} B_q(j) * C_q(n-1,j) for n>0, with B_q(0)=1. The q-binomial coefficient (also called Gaussian binomial coefficient) is given by: C_q(n,k) = [Product_{i=n-k+1..n} (1-q^i)]/[Product_{j=1..k} (1-q^j)].

Sum_{k>0} k * T(n,k) = A264082(n). - Alois P. Heinz, Apr 03 2016

A125811 Number of coefficients in the n-th q-Bell number as a polynomial in q.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 11, 15, 20, 26, 32, 39, 47, 56, 66, 76, 87, 99, 112, 126, 141, 156, 172, 189, 207, 226, 246, 267, 288, 310, 333, 357, 382, 408, 435, 463, 491, 520, 550, 581, 613, 646, 680, 715, 751, 787, 824, 862, 901, 941, 982, 1024, 1067, 1111, 1156, 1201

Offset: 0

Paul D. Hanna, Dec 10 2006

nonn

			This sequence gives the number of terms in rows of A125810.
Row g.f.s B_q(n) of A125810 are polynomials in q generated by:
B_q(n) = Sum_{j=0..n-1} B_q(j) * C_q(n-1,j) for n>0 with B_q(0)=1
where the triangle of q-binomial coefficients C_q(n,k) begins:
  1;
  1, 1;
  1, 1 + q, 1;
  1, 1 + q + q^2, 1 + q + q^2, 1;
  1, 1 + q + q^2 + q^3, 1 + q + 2*q^2 + q^3 + q^4, 1 + q + q^2 + q^3, 1;
The initial q-Bell coefficients in B_q(n) are:
  B_q(0) = 1; B_q(1) = 1; B_q(2) = 2;
  B_q(3) = 4 + q;
  B_q(4) = 8 + 4*q + 3*q^2;
  B_q(5) = 16 + 12*q + 13*q^2 + 8*q^3 + 3*q^4;
  B_q(6) = 32 + 32*q + 42*q^2 + 38*q^3 + 33*q^4 + 15*q^5 + 10*q^6 + q^7.

Arvind Ayyer and Naren Sundaravaradan, An area-bounce exchanging bijection on a large subset of Dyck paths, arXiv:2401.14668 [math.CO], 2024. See p. 20.

Cf. A125810, A125812, A125813, A125814, A125815.

Cq:= proc(n,k) local j; if n nops(Bq(n)): seq(a(n), n=0..60); # Alois P. Heinz, Aug 04 2009

QB[n_, q_] := QB[n, q] = Sum[QB[j, q] QBinomial[n-1, j, q], {j, 0, n-1}] // FunctionExpand // Simplify; QB[0, q_]=1; QB[1, q_]=1; a[n_] := CoefficientList[QB[n, q], q] // Length; Table[an = a[n]; Print["a(", n, ") = ", an]; an, {n, 0, 60}] (* Jean-François Alcover, Feb 29 2016 *)

/* q-Binomial coefficients: */
C_q(n,k)=if(n

from math import comb, isqrt
def A125811(n): return 1+comb(n,2)-sum(isqrt((k<<3)+1)-1>>1 for k in range(1,n)) # Chai Wah Wu, Feb 27 2025

a(n) = A023536(n-2) + 1.

a(n) = n*(n+1)/2 - 4 - Sum_{k=2..n-2} floor(1/2 + sqrt(2*k+4)) for n>2. [Due to a formula by Jan Hagberg in A023536]

More terms from Alois P. Heinz, Aug 04 2009

A125813 q-Bell numbers for q=3; eigensequence of A022167, which is the triangle of Gaussian binomial coefficients [n,k] for q=3.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 2, 7, 47, 628, 17327, 1022983, 132615812, 38522717107, 25526768401271, 39190247441314450, 141213238745969102393, 1207367655155905204747681, 24733467452839301566047854678, 1224709126636123500201799360630423, 147747406166666863538672620806542995763

Offset: 0

Paul D. Hanna, Dec 10 2006

nonn

			The recurrence: a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n-1} A022167(n-1,k) * a(k) is illustrated by:
  a(2) = 1*(1) + 4*(1) + 1*(2) = 7;
  a(3) = 1*(1) + 13*(1) + 13*(2) + 1*(7) = 47;
  a(4) = 1*(1) + 40*(1) + 130*(2) + 40*(7) + 1*(47) = 628.
Triangle A022167 begins:
  1;
  1, 1;
  1, 4, 1;
  1, 13, 13, 1;
  1, 40, 130, 40, 1;
  1, 121, 1210, 1210, 121, 1;
  1, 364, 11011, 33880, 11011, 364, 1;
  ...

Alois P. Heinz, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..72

Cf. A022167, A125810, A125811, A125812, A125814, A125815.

Column k=3 of A381369.

b:= proc(o, u, t) option remember;
     `if`(u+o=0, 1, `if`(t>0, b(u+o, 0$2), 0)+add(3^(u+j-1)*
        b(o-j, u+j-1, min(2, t+1)), j=`if`(t=0, 1, 1..o)))
    end:
a:= n-> b(n, 0$2):
seq(a(n), n=0..18);  # Alois P. Heinz, Feb 21 2025

b[o_, u_, t_] := b[o, u, t] =
   If[u + o == 0, 1, If[t > 0, b[u + o, 0, 0], 0] + Sum[3^(u + j - 1)*
   b[o - j, u + j - 1, Min[2, t + 1]], {j, If[t == 0, {1}, Range[o]]}]];
a[n_] := b[n, 0, 0];
Table[a[n], {n, 0, 18}] (* Jean-François Alcover, Mar 15 2025, after Alois P. Heinz *)

/* q-Binomial coefficients: */
C_q(n,k)=if(n

a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n-1} A022167(n-1,k) * a(k) for n>0, with a(0)=1.

a(n) = Sum_{k>=0} 3^k * A125810(n,k). - Alois P. Heinz, Feb 21 2025

A125815 q-Bell numbers for q=5; eigensequence of A022169, which is the triangle of Gaussian binomial coefficients [n,k] for q=5.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 2, 9, 103, 3276, 307867, 89520089, 83657942588, 258923776689771, 2717711483011792407, 98702105953049319472394, 12629828399521800714941435773, 5784963467206342855747483263957541, 9613516698678314330032600987632336641122, 58637855728567773833514895771659795097103477549

Offset: 0

Paul D. Hanna, Dec 10 2006

nonn

			The recurrence: a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n-1} A022169(n-1,k) * a(k)
is illustrated by:
a(2) = 1*(1) + 6*(1) + 1*(2) = 9;
a(3) = 1*(1) + 31*(1) + 31*(2) + 1*(9) = 103;
a(4) = 1*(1) + 156*(1) + 806*(2) + 156*(9) + 1*(103) = 3276.
Triangle A022169 begins:
  1;
  1,    1;
  1,    6,      1;
  1,   31,     31,       1;
  1,  156,    806,     156,      1;
  1,  781,  20306,   20306,    781,    1;
  1, 3906, 508431, 2558556, 508431, 3906, 1;
  ...

Alois P. Heinz, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..60

Cf. A022169, A125810, A125811, A125812, A125813, A125814.

Column k=5 of A381369.

b:= proc(o, u, t) option remember;
     `if`(u+o=0, 1, `if`(t>0, b(u+o, 0$2), 0)+add(5^(u+j-1)*
        b(o-j, u+j-1, min(2, t+1)), j=`if`(t=0, 1, 1..o)))
    end:
a:= n-> b(n, 0$2):
seq(a(n), n=0..18);  # Alois P. Heinz, Feb 21 2025

b[o_, u_, t_] := b[o, u, t] =
   If[u + o == 0, 1, If[t > 0, b[u + o, 0, 0], 0] + Sum[5^(u + j - 1)*
   b[o - j, u + j - 1, Min[2, t + 1]], {j, If[t == 0, {1}, Range[o]]}]];
a[n_] := b[n, 0, 0];
Table[a[n], {n, 0, 18}] (* Jean-François Alcover, Mar 15 2025, after Alois P. Heinz *)

/* q-Binomial coefficients: */
{C_q(n,k)=if(n

a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n-1} A022169(n-1,k) * a(k) for n>0, with a(0)=1.

a(n) = Sum_{k>=0} 5^k * A125810(n,k). - Alois P. Heinz, Feb 21 2025

A125814 q-Bell numbers for q=4; eigensequence of A022168, which is the triangle of Gaussian binomial coefficients [n,k] for q=4.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 2, 8, 72, 1552, 84416, 12107584, 4726583424, 5150624868864, 16010990175691264, 144648776120641766400, 3857411545088966609514496, 307705704204270334224705015808, 74294186209325019487040708053442560, 54874536782175258883045772243829235417088

Offset: 0

Paul D. Hanna, Dec 10 2006

nonn

			The recurrence: a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n-1} A022168(n-1,k) * a(k) is illustrated by:
  a(2) = 1*(1) + 5*(1) + 1*(2) = 8;
  a(3) = 1*(1) + 21*(1) + 21*(2) + 1*(8) = 72;
  a(4) = 1*(1) + 85*(1) + 357*(2) + 85*(8) + 1*(72) = 1552.
Triangle A022168 begins:
  1;
  1,    1;
  1,    5,     1;
  1,   21,    21,      1;
  1,   85,   357,     85,     1;
  1,  341,  5797,   5797,   341,    1;
  1, 1365, 93093, 376805, 93093, 1365, 1;
  ...

Alois P. Heinz, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..65

Cf. A022168, A125810, A125811, A125812, A125813, A125815.

Column k=4 of A381369.

b:= proc(o, u, t) option remember;
     `if`(u+o=0, 1, `if`(t>0, b(u+o, 0$2), 0)+add(4^(u+j-1)*
        b(o-j, u+j-1, min(2, t+1)), j=`if`(t=0, 1, 1..o)))
    end:
a:= n-> b(n, 0$2):
seq(a(n), n=0..18);  # Alois P. Heinz, Feb 21 2025

b[o_, u_, t_] := b[o, u, t] =
   If[u + o == 0, 1, If[t > 0, b[u + o, 0, 0], 0] + Sum[4^(u + j - 1)*
   b[o - j, u + j - 1, Min[2, t + 1]], {j, If[t == 0, {1}, Range[o]]}]];
a[n_] := b[n, 0, 0];
Table[a[n], {n, 0, 18}] (* Jean-François Alcover, Mar 15 2025, after Alois P. Heinz *)

/* q-Binomial coefficients: */
{C_q(n,k)=if(n

a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n-1} A022168(n-1,k) * a(k) for n>0, with a(0)=1.

a(n) = Sum_{k>=0} 4^k * A125810(n,k). - Alois P. Heinz, Feb 21 2025

A381369 A(n,k) is the sum over all partitions of [n] of k^j for a partition with j inversions; square array A(n,k), n>=0, k>=0, read by antidiagonals.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 4, 1, 1, 2, 5, 8, 1, 1, 2, 6, 15, 16, 1, 1, 2, 7, 28, 52, 32, 1, 1, 2, 8, 47, 204, 203, 64, 1, 1, 2, 9, 72, 628, 2344, 877, 128, 1, 1, 2, 10, 103, 1552, 17327, 43160, 4140, 256, 1, 1, 2, 11, 140, 3276, 84416, 1022983, 1291952, 21147, 512

Offset: 0

Alois P. Heinz, Feb 21 2025

			Square array A(n,k) begins:
   1,   1,    1,     1,     1,      1,      1, ...
   1,   1,    1,     1,     1,      1,      1, ...
   2,   2,    2,     2,     2,      2,      2, ...
   4,   5,    6,     7,     8,      9,     10, ...
   8,  15,   28,    47,    72,    103,    140, ...
  16,  52,  204,   628,  1552,   3276,   6172, ...
  32, 203, 2344, 17327, 84416, 307867, 915848, ...

Alois P. Heinz, Antidiagonals n = 0..60, flattened
Wikipedia, Inversion
Wikipedia, Partition of a set

Columns k=0-5 give: A011782, A000110, A125812, A125813, A125814, A125815.
Main diagonal gives A381373.
Cf. A125810, A381426.

b:= proc(o, u, t, k) option remember;
     `if`(u+o=0, 1, `if`(t>0, b(u+o, 0$2, k), 0)+add(k^(u+j-1)*
        b(o-j, u+j-1, min(2, t+1), k), j=`if`(t=0, 1, 1..o)))
    end:
A:= (n, k)-> b(n, 0$2, k):
seq(seq(A(n, d-n), n=0..d), d=0..10);

Unprotect[Power]; 0^0 = 1; Protect[Power];
b[o_, u_, t_, k_] := b[o, u, t, k] =
   If[u + o == 0, 1, If[t > 0, b[u + o, 0, 0, k], 0] + Sum[k^(u + j - 1)*
   b[o - j, u + j - 1, Min[2, t + 1], k], {j, If[t == 0, {1}, Range[o]]}]];
A[n_, k_] := b[n, 0, 0, k];
Table[Table[A[n, d - n], {n, 0, d}], {d, 0, 10}] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Mar 15 2025, after Alois P. Heinz *)

A(n,k) = Sum_{j>=0} k^j * A125810(n,j).

A143774 Eigentriangle of triangle A022166.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 2, 1, 7, 14, 6, 1, 15, 70, 70, 28, 1, 31, 310, 930, 868, 204, 1, 63, 1302, 8370, 18228, 12852, 2344

Offset: 0

Gary W. Adamson, Aug 31 2008

An eigentriangle of triangle T may be defined by taking the termwise product of row n-1 of T and the first n terms of the eigensequence of T; 0<=k<=n.
Row sums = A125812 shifted 1 place to the left: (1, 2, 6, 28, 204,...).
Sum of n-th row terms = rightmost term of (n+1)-th row.
1, 1;
1, 3, 1;
1, 7, 7, 1;
1, 15, 35, 15, 1;
... (and the eigensequence of A022166 = A125812: (1, 1, 2, 6, 28, 204,...) we apply the termwise product of (n-1)-th row of A022166 and the first n terms of A125812.

			First few rows of the triangle:
  1;
  1, 1;
  1, 3, 2;
  1, 7, 14, 6;
  1, 15, 70, 90, 28;
  1, 31, 310, 930, 868, 204;
  ...
Row 3 of A022166 = (1, 7, 7, 1), first 4 terms of A143774 = (1, 1, 2, 6), so row 3 of A143774 = (1*1, 7*1, 7*2, 1*6) = (1, 7, 14, 6).

Cf. A022166, A125812.

Given triangle A022166: 1;

cp's OEIS Frontend

A125810 Triangle of q-Bell number coefficients, read by rows that form polynomials in q, giving the eigensequence for the triangle of q-binomial coefficients.

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A125811 Number of coefficients in the n-th q-Bell number as a polynomial in q.

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A125813 q-Bell numbers for q=3; eigensequence of A022167, which is the triangle of Gaussian binomial coefficients [n,k] for q=3.

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A125815 q-Bell numbers for q=5; eigensequence of A022169, which is the triangle of Gaussian binomial coefficients [n,k] for q=5.

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A125814 q-Bell numbers for q=4; eigensequence of A022168, which is the triangle of Gaussian binomial coefficients [n,k] for q=4.

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A381369 A(n,k) is the sum over all partitions of [n] of k^j for a partition with j inversions; square array A(n,k), n>=0, k>=0, read by antidiagonals.

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A143774 Eigentriangle of triangle A022166.

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