A139262 -id:A139262 - cp's OEIS frontend

A029760 A sum with next-to-central binomial coefficients of even order, Catalan related.

1, 8, 47, 244, 1186, 5536, 25147, 112028, 491870, 2135440, 9188406, 39249768, 166656772, 704069248, 2961699667, 12412521388, 51854046982, 216013684528, 897632738722, 3721813363288, 15401045060572, 63616796642368, 262357557683422, 1080387930269464

Offset: 0

Wolfdieter Lang

nonn

Proof by induction.
a(n) = total area below paths consisting of steps east (1,0) and north (0,1) from (0,0) to (n+2,n+2) that stay weakly below y=x. For example, the two paths with n=0 are
. _|.....|
|....._|
The first has area 1 below it, the second area 0 and so a(0)=1. - David Callan, Dec 09 2004
Convolution of A000346 with A001700. - Philippe Deléham, May 19 2009

Michael De Vlieger, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1657
Ran Pan, Jeffrey B. Remmel, Paired patterns in lattice paths, arXiv:1601.07988 [math.CO], 2016.
Sittipong Thamrongpairoj, Dowling Set Partitions, and Positional Marked Patterns, Ph. D. Dissertation, University of California-San Diego (2019).

Cf. A000108, A002457, A008549, A000984, A139262.

a[n_] := (n+3)^2 CatalanNumber[n+2]/2 - 2^(2n+3);
Table[a[n], {n, 0, 23}] (* Jean-François Alcover, Sep 25 2018 *)

a(n) = 4^(n+1)*Sum_{k=1..n+1} binomial(2k, k-1)/4^k = ((n+3)^2)*C(n+2)/2-2^(2*n+3), C = Catalan. Also a(n+1)=4*a(n)+binomial(2(n+2), n+1).
G.f.: (d/dx)c(x)/(1-4*x), where c(x) = g.f. for Catalan numbers; convolution of A001791 and powers of 4. G.f. also c(x)^2/(1-4*x)^(3/2); convolution of Catalan numbers A000108 C(n), n >= 1, with A002457; convolution of A008549(n), n >= 1, with A000984 (central binomial coefficients).
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n+1} A039598(n+1,k)*k^2. - Philippe Deléham, Dec 16 2007

A129182 Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) is the number of Dyck paths of semilength n such that the area between the x-axis and the path is k (n>=0; 0<=k<=n^2).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 4, 0, 6, 0, 7, 0, 7, 0, 5, 0, 5, 0, 3, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 5, 0, 10, 0, 14, 0, 17, 0, 16, 0, 16, 0, 14, 0, 11, 0, 9, 0, 7, 0, 5, 0, 3, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0

Offset: 0

Emeric Deutsch, Apr 08 2007

Row n has n^2 + 1 terms.
Row sums are the Catalan numbers (A000108).
Sum(k*T(n,k), k=0..n^2) = A008549(n).
Sums along falling diagonals give A005169. - Joerg Arndt, Mar 29 2014
T(2n,4n) = A240008(n). - Alois P. Heinz, Mar 30 2014

			T(4,10) = 3 because we have UDUUUDDD, UUUDDDUD and UUDUDUDD.
Triangle starts:
1;
0,1;
0,0,1,0,1;
0,0,0,1,0,2,0,1,0,1;
0,0,0,0,1,0,3,0,3,0,3,0,2,0,1,0,1;
0,0,0,0,0,1,0,4,0,6,0,7,0,7,0,5,0,5,0,3,0,2,0,1,0,1;
Transposed triangle (A239927) begins:
00:  1;
01:  0, 1;
02:  0, 0, 1;
03:  0, 0, 0, 1;
04:  0, 0, 1, 0, 1;
05:  0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 1;
06:  0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 1;
07:  0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 4, 0, 1;
08:  0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 5, 0, 1;
09:  0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 6, 0, 6, 0, 1;
10:  0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 10, 0, 7, 0, 1;
11:  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 15, 0, 8, 0, 1;
12:  0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 14, 0, 21, 0, 9, 0, 1;
13:  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 25, 0, 28, 0, 10, 0, 1;
14:  0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 17, 0, 41, 0, 36, 0, 11, 0, 1;
15:  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 35, 0, 63, 0, 45, 0, 12, 0, 1;
16:  0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 16, 0, 65, 0, 92, 0, 55, 0, 13, 0, 1;
17:  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 40, 0, 112, 0, 129, 0, 66, 0, 14, 0, 1;
18:  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 16, 0, 86, 0, 182, 0, 175, 0, 78, 0, 15, 0, 1;
19:  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 43, 0, 167, 0, 282, 0, 231, 0, 91, 0, 16, 0, 1;
20:  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 14, 0, 102, 0, 301, 0, 420, 0, 298, 0, 105, 0, 17, 0, 1;
... - _Joerg Arndt_, Mar 25 2014

Alois P. Heinz, Rows n = 0..32, flattened

Cf. A000108, A008549, A139262, A240008, A143951 (column sums).

G:=1/(1-t*z*g[1]): for i from 1 to 11 do g[i]:=1/(1-t^(2*i+1)*z*g[i+1]) od: g[12]:=0: Gser:=simplify(series(G,z=0,11)): for n from 0 to 7 do P[n]:=sort(coeff(Gser,z,n)) od: for n from 0 to 7 do seq(coeff(P[n],t,j),j=0..n^2) od; # yields sequence in triangular form
# second Maple program:
b:= proc(x, y) option remember; `if`(y<0 or y>x, 0, `if`(x=0, 1,
       expand(b(x-1, y-1)*z^(y-1/2)+ b(x-1, y+1)*z^(y+1/2))))
    end:
T:= n-> (p-> seq(coeff(p, z, i), i=0..degree(p)))(b(2*n, 0)):
seq(T(n), n=0..10);  # Alois P. Heinz, Mar 29 2014

b[x_, y_] := b[x, y] = If[y<0 || y>x, 0, If[x==0, 1, Expand[b[x-1, y-1]*z^(y-1/2) + b[x-1, y+1]*z^(y+1/2)]]]; T[n_] := Function[{p}, Table[Coefficient[p, z, i], {i, 0, Exponent[p, z]}]][b[2*n, 0]]; Table[T[n], {n, 0, 10}] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Mar 24 2015, after Alois P. Heinz *)

G.f.: G(t,z) given by G(t,z) = 1+t*z*G(t,t^2*z)*G(t,z).

Sum_{k=0..n^2} (n^2-k)/2 * T(n,k) = A139262(n). - Alois P. Heinz, Mar 31 2018

A139263 Number of two element anti-chains in Riordan trees on n edges (also called non-redundant trees, i.e., ordered trees where no vertex has out-degree equal to 1).

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 1, 3, 14, 48, 172, 580, 1941, 6373, 20725, 66763, 213575, 679141, 2148948, 6771068, 21257741, 66529077, 207639925, 646480555, 2008458669, 6227766899, 19277394308, 59577651108, 183865477474, 566700165898, 1744578701517, 5364804428455, 16480883532586, 50582859417868, 155114365434224

Offset: 0

Lifoma Salaam, Apr 12 2008

nonn

Alois P. Heinz, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..2093
Lifoma Salaam, Combinatorial statistics on phylogenetic trees, Ph.D. Dissertation, Howard University, Washington D.C., 2008; see p. 40.

Cf. A001006, A005043, A102839, A139262, A178834.

R:=PowerSeriesRing(Rationals(), 35); [0,0] cat Coefficients(R!( (1 -x -Sqrt(1-2*x-3*x^2))*Sqrt(1-2*x-3*x^2)/(2*(1+x)*(1-2*x-3*x^2)^2) )); // G. C. Greubel, Jun 02 2020

a:= proc(n) option remember; `if`(n<4, [0$2, 1, 3][n+1],
      ((4*n-3)*(n-2)*a(n-1)+(2*n+9)*(n-2)*a(n-2)-3*
       (4*n-9)*n*a(n-3)-9*(n-1)*n*a(n-4))/(n*(n-2)))
    end:
seq(a(n), n=0..30);  # Alois P. Heinz, Jun 02 2020

CoefficientList[Series[(1 -x -Sqrt[1-2*x-3*x^2])*Sqrt[1-2*x-3*x^2]/(2*(1+x)*(1 - 2*x-3*x^2)^2), {x, 0, 35}], x] (* G. C. Greubel, Jun 02 2020 *)

default(seriesprecision, 50)
f(x) = 1/sqrt(1-2*x-3*x^2);
r(x) = (1+x-sqrt(1-2*x-3*x^2))/(2*x*(1+x));
a(n) = polcoef(x^2*r(x)^2*f(x)^3, n, x);
for(n=0, 30, print1(a(n), ",")) \\ Petros Hadjicostas, Jun 02 2020

r(x)=(1+x-sqrt(1-2*x-3*x^2))/(2*x*(1+x))
m(x)=(1-x-sqrt(1-2*x-3*x^2))/(2*x^2)
g(x)=derivative(x*r(x),x)
a(x)=x^2*(x*m(x)+1)^3*g(x)^3/r(x)
taylor(a(x),x,0,30).list() # Petros Hadjicostas, Jun 02 2020

G.f.: A(x) = x^2 * (x*M(x) + 1)^3 * (d(x*R(x))/dx)^3/R(x), where M is the generating function for the Motzkin numbers and R is the generating function for the Riordan numbers.
From Petros Hadjicostas, Jun 02 2020: (Start)
Here R(x) = (1 + x - sqrt(1 - 2*x - 3*x^2))/(2*x*(1-x)) = g.f. of A005043 and M(x) = (1 - x - sqrt(1 - 2*x - 3*x^2))/(2*x^2) = g.f. of A001006.
If we let s(x) = sqrt(1 - 2*x - 3*x^2), then A(x) = x^2*((1 + x - s(x))/(2*x*(1 + x)))^2/s(x)^3 (see p. 40 in Salaam (2008)).
Alternatively, we may write A(x) = x^2 * R(x)^2 * B(x), where B(x) = g.f. of (A102839(n+1): n >= 0). (End)

a(10)-a(30) from Petros Hadjicostas, Jun 02 2020

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A029760 A sum with next-to-central binomial coefficients of even order, Catalan related.

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A129182 Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) is the number of Dyck paths of semilength n such that the area between the x-axis and the path is k (n>=0; 0<=k<=n^2).

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A139263 Number of two element anti-chains in Riordan trees on n edges (also called non-redundant trees, i.e., ordered trees where no vertex has out-degree equal to 1).

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