A195549 -id:A195549 - cp's OEIS frontend

A195500 Denominators a(n) of Pythagorean approximations b(n)/a(n) to sqrt(2).

3, 228, 308, 5289, 543900, 706180, 1244791, 51146940, 76205040, 114835995824, 106293119818725, 222582887719576, 3520995103197240, 17847666535865852, 18611596834765355, 106620725307595884, 269840171418387336, 357849299891217865

Offset: 1

Clark Kimberling, Sep 20 2011

For each positive real number r, there is a sequence (a(n),b(n),c(n)) of primitive Pythagorean triples such that the limit of b(n)/a(n) is r and
|r-b(n+1)/a(n+1)| < |r-b(n)/a(n)|.  Peter Shiu showed how to find (a(n),b(n)) from the continued fraction for r, and Peter J. C. Moses incorporated Shiu's method in the Mathematica program shown below.
Examples:
r...........a(n)..........b(n)..........c(n)
sqrt(2).....A195500.......A195501.......A195502
sqrt(3).....A195499.......A195503.......A195531
sqrt(5).....A195532.......A195533.......A195534
sqrt(6).....A195535.......A195536.......A195537
sqrt(8).....A195538.......A195539.......A195540
sqrt(12)....A195680.......A195681.......A195682
e...........A195541.......A195542.......A195543
pi..........A195544.......A195545.......A195546
tau.........A195687.......A195688.......A195689
1...........A046727.......A084159.......A001653
2...........A195614.......A195615.......A007805
3...........A195616.......A195617.......A097315
4...........A195619.......A195620.......A078988
5...........A195622.......A195623.......A097727
1/2.........A195547.......A195548.......A195549
3/2.........A195550.......A195551.......A195552
5/2.........A195553.......A195554.......A195555
1/3.........A195556.......A195557.......A195558
2/3.........A195559.......A195560.......A195561
1/4.........A195562.......A195563.......A195564
5/4.........A195565.......A195566.......A195567
7/4.........A195568.......A195569.......A195570
1/5.........A195571.......A195572.......A195573
2/5.........A195574.......A195575.......A195576
3/5.........A195577.......A195578.......A195579
4/5.........A195580.......A195611.......A195612
sqrt(1/2)...A195625.......A195626.......A195627
sqrt(1/3)...{1}+A195503...{0}+A195499...{1}+A195531
sqrt(2/3)...A195631.......A195632.......A195633
sqrt(3/4)...A195634.......A195635.......A195636

			For r=sqrt(2), the first five fractions b(n)/a(n) can be read from the following five primitive Pythagorean triples (a(n), b(n), c(n)) = (A195500, A195501, A195502):
(3,4,5); |r - b(1)/a(1)| = 0.08...
(228,325,397); |r - b(2)/a(2)| = 0.011...
(308,435,533); |r - b(3)/a(3)| = 0.0018...
(5289,7480,9161); |r - b(4)/a(4)| = 0.000042...
(543900,769189,942061); |r - b(5)/a(5)| = 0.0000003...

Ron Knott, Pythagorean Angles
Peter Shiu, The shapes and sizes of Pythagorean triangles, The Mathematical Gazette 67, no. 439 (March 1983) 33-38.

Cf. A195501, A195502.

Shiu := proc(r,n)
        t := r+sqrt(1+r^2) ;
        cf := numtheory[cfrac](t,n+1) ;
        mn := numtheory[nthconver](cf,n) ;
        (mn-1/mn)/2 ;
end proc:
A195500 := proc(n)
        Shiu(sqrt(2),n) ;
        denom(%) ;
end proc: # R. J. Mathar, Sep 21 2011

r = Sqrt[2]; z = 18;
p[{f_, n_}] := (#1[[2]]/#1[[
      1]] &)[({2 #1[[1]] #1[[2]], #1[[1]]^2 - #1[[
         2]]^2} &)[({Numerator[#1], Denominator[#1]} &)[
     Array[FromContinuedFraction[
        ContinuedFraction[(#1 + Sqrt[1 + #1^2] &)[f], #1]] &, {n}]]]];
{a, b} = ({Denominator[#1], Numerator[#1]} &)[
  p[{r, z}]]  (* A195500, A195501 *)
Sqrt[a^2 + b^2] (* A195502 *)

A256045 Triangle read by rows: order of all-2s configuration on the n X k sandpile grid graph.

Original entry on oeis.org

2, 3, 1, 7, 7, 8, 11, 5, 71, 3, 26, 9, 679, 77, 52, 41, 13, 769, 281, 17753, 29, 97, 47, 3713, 4271, 726433, 434657, 272, 153, 17, 8449, 2245, 33507, 167089, 46069729, 901, 362, 123, 81767, 8569, 24852386, 265721, 8118481057, 190818387, 73124, 571, 89, 93127, 18061, 20721019, 4213133, 4974089647, 1031151241, 1234496016491, 89893

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane, Mar 15 2015

			Triangle begins:
[2]
[3, 1]
[7, 7, 8]
[11, 5, 71, 3]
[26, 9, 679, 77, 52]
[41, 13, 769, 281, 17753, 29]
[97, 47, 3713, 4271, 726433, 434657, 272]
[153, 17, 8449, 2245, 33507, 167089, 46069729, 901]
[362, 123, 81767, 8569, 24852386, 265721, 8118481057, 190818387, 73124]
[571, 89, 93127, 18061, 20721019, 4213133, 4974089647, 1031151241, 1234496016491, 89893]
...

Laura Florescu, Daniela Morar, David Perkinson, Nicholas Salter and Tianyuan Xu, Sandpiles and Dominos, Electronic Journal of Combinatorics, Volume 22(1), 2015.
David Perkinson, Lecture 15: Sandpiles, PCMI 2008 Undergraduate Summer School.

Main diagonal gives A256046, A256043, and A256047.

Cf. A005246, A195549, A348566.

From Andrey Zabolotskiy, Oct 22 2021: (Start)
It seems that T(k, 1) = A005246(k+2).
For the formula for T(k, 2), see the last theorem of Morar and Perkinson in Perkinson's slides. In particular, T(2*k, 2) = A195549(k).
T(n, k) divides A348566(n, k). (End)

Column 1 added by Andrey Zabolotskiy, Oct 22 2021

A195547 Denominators a(n) of Pythagorean approximations b(n)/a(n) to 1/2.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 4, 12, 15, 80, 208, 273, 1428, 3740, 4895, 25632, 67104, 87841, 459940, 1204140, 1576239, 8253296, 21607408, 28284465, 148099380, 387729212, 507544127, 2657535552, 6957518400, 9107509825, 47687540548, 124847601996, 163427632719, 855718194320, 2240299317520

Offset: 1

Clark Kimberling, Sep 20 2011

See A195500 for a discussion and references.

a(n) is the numerator of the harmonic mean of F(n) and F(n+1), where F = A000045 (Fibonacci numbers). Example: 2*F(9)*F(10)/(F(9)+F(10)) = 2*34*55/(34+55) = 3740/89, therefore a(9) = 3740. - Francesco Daddi, Jul 04 2018

Vincenzo Librandi, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..1000

Cf. A195500, A195548, A195549, A131534.

r = 1/2; z = 30;
p[{f_, n_}] := (#1[[2]]/#1[[
      1]] &)[({2 #1[[1]] #1[[2]], #1[[1]]^2 - #1[[
         2]]^2} &)[({Numerator[#1], Denominator[#1]} &)[
     Array[FromContinuedFraction[
        ContinuedFraction[(#1 + Sqrt[1 + #1^2] &)[f], #1]] &, {n}]]]];
{a, b} = ({Denominator[#1], Numerator[#1]} &)[
  p[{r, z}]]  (* A195547, A195548 *)
Sqrt[a^2 + b^2] (* A195549 *)
(* Peter J. C. Moses, Sep 02 2011 *)
Table[Numerator[2 Fibonacci[n] Fibonacci[n+1] / ( Fibonacci[n] + Fibonacci[n+1])], {n, 1, 40}] (* Vincenzo Librandi, Jul 21 2018 *)

a(n) = 2*F(n)*F(n+1)/(2-((n+2)^2 mod 3)), where F(n)=Fibonacci(n). - Gary Detlefs, Oct 15 2011

Empirical G.f.: x*(1+4*x+12*x^2-2*x^3+12*x^4+4*x^5+x^6)/(1-17*x^3-17*x^6+x^9). - Colin Barker, Apr 15 2012

A195548 Numerators b(n) of Pythagorean approximations b(n)/a(n) to 1/2.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 3, 5, 8, 39, 105, 136, 715, 1869, 2448, 12815, 33553, 43920, 229971, 602069, 788120, 4126647, 10803705, 14142232, 74049691, 193864605, 253772064, 1328767775, 3478759201, 4553754912, 23843770275, 62423800997, 81713816360, 427859097159, 1120149658761

Offset: 1

Clark Kimberling, Sep 20 2011

nonn

See A195500 for discussion and list of related sequences; see A195547 for Mathematica program.

Cf. A195500, A195547, A195549, A131534.

a(n) = (F(n+1)^2-F(n)^2)/(2-((n+2)^2 mod 3)), where F(n)=Fibonacci(n). [Gary Detlefs, Oct 15 2011]

Empirical G.f.: x*(3+5*x+8*x^2-12*x^3+20*x^4+x^6-x^7)/(1-17*x^3-17*x^6+x^9). [Colin Barker, Apr 15 2012]

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A195500 Denominators a(n) of Pythagorean approximations b(n)/a(n) to sqrt(2).

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A256045 Triangle read by rows: order of all-2s configuration on the n X k sandpile grid graph.

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A195547 Denominators a(n) of Pythagorean approximations b(n)/a(n) to 1/2.

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A195548 Numerators b(n) of Pythagorean approximations b(n)/a(n) to 1/2.

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