A317303 -id:A317303 - cp's OEIS frontend

A262626 Visible parts of the perspective view of the stepped pyramid whose structure essentially arises after the 90-degree-zig-zag folding of the isosceles triangle A237593.

1, 1, 1, 3, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 2, 7, 3, 1, 1, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 3, 12, 4, 1, 1, 1, 1, 4, 4, 4, 4, 2, 1, 1, 2, 4, 15, 5, 2, 1, 1, 2, 5, 5, 3, 5, 5, 2, 2, 2, 2, 5, 9, 9, 6, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 6, 6, 6, 6, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 6, 28, 7, 2, 2, 1, 1, 2, 2, 7, 7, 7, 7, 3, 2, 1, 1, 2, 3, 7, 12, 12, 8, 3, 1, 2, 2, 1, 3, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 3, 2, 1, 1

Offset: 1

Omar E. Pol, Sep 26 2015

Also the rows of both triangles A237270 and A237593 interleaved.
Also, irregular triangle read by rows in which T(n,k) is the area of the k-th region (from left to right in ascending diagonal) of the n-th symmetric set of regions (from the top to the bottom in descending diagonal) in the two-dimensional diagram of the perspective view of the infinite stepped pyramid described in A245092 (see the diagram in the Links section).
The diagram of the symmetric representation of sigma is also the top view of the pyramid, see Links section. For more information about the diagram see also A237593 and A237270.
The number of cubes at the n-th level is also A024916(n), the sum of all divisors of all positive integers <= n.
Note that this pyramid is also a quarter of the pyramid described in A244050. Both pyramids have infinitely many levels.
Odd-indexed rows are also the rows of the irregular triangle A237270.
Even-indexed rows are also the rows of the triangle A237593.
Lengths of the odd-indexed rows are in A237271.
Lengths of the even-indexed rows give 2*A003056.
Row sums of the odd-indexed rows gives A000203, the sum of divisors function.
Row sums of the even-indexed rows give the positive even numbers (see A005843).
Row sums give A245092.
From the front view of the stepped pyramid emerges a geometric pattern which is related to A001227, the number of odd divisors of the positive integers.
The connection with the odd divisors of the positive integers is as follows: A261697 --> A261699 --> A237048 --> A235791 --> A237591 --> A237593 --> A237270 --> this sequence.

			Irregular triangle begins:
  1;
  1, 1;
  3;
  2, 2;
  2, 2;
  2, 1, 1, 2;
  7;
  3, 1, 1, 3;
  3, 3;
  3, 2, 2, 3;
  12;
  4, 1, 1, 1, 1, 4;
  4, 4;
  4, 2, 1, 1, 2, 4;
  15;
  5, 2, 1, 1, 2, 5;
  5, 3, 5;
  5, 2, 2, 2, 2, 5;
  9, 9;
  6, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 6;
  6, 6;
  6, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 6;
  28;
  7, 2, 2, 1, 1, 2, 2, 7;
  7, 7;
  7, 3, 2, 1, 1, 2, 3, 7;
  12, 12;
  8, 3, 1, 2, 2, 1, 3, 8;
  8, 8, 8;
  8, 3, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 8;
  31;
  9, 3, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 9;
  ...
Illustration of the odd-indexed rows of triangle as the diagram of the symmetric representation of sigma which is also the top view of the stepped pyramid:
.
   n  A000203    A237270    _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
   1     1   =      1      |_| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
   2     3   =      3      |_ _|_| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
   3     4   =    2 + 2    |_ _|  _|_| | | | | | | | | | | |
   4     7   =      7      |_ _ _|    _|_| | | | | | | | | |
   5     6   =    3 + 3    |_ _ _|  _|  _ _|_| | | | | | | |
   6    12   =     12      |_ _ _ _|  _| |  _ _|_| | | | | |
   7     8   =    4 + 4    |_ _ _ _| |_ _|_|    _ _|_| | | |
   8    15   =     15      |_ _ _ _ _|  _|     |  _ _ _|_| |
   9    13   =  5 + 3 + 5  |_ _ _ _ _| |      _|_| |  _ _ _|
  10    18   =    9 + 9    |_ _ _ _ _ _|  _ _|    _| |
  11    12   =    6 + 6    |_ _ _ _ _ _| |  _|  _|  _|
  12    28   =     28      |_ _ _ _ _ _ _| |_ _|  _|
  13    14   =    7 + 7    |_ _ _ _ _ _ _| |  _ _|
  14    24   =   12 + 12   |_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _| |
  15    24   =  8 + 8 + 8  |_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _| |
  16    31   =     31      |_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _|
  ...
The above diagram arises from a simpler diagram as shown below.
Illustration of the even-indexed rows of triangle as the diagram of the deployed front view of the corner of the stepped pyramid:
.
.                                 A237593
Level                               _ _
1                                 _|1|1|_
2                               _|2 _|_ 2|_
3                             _|2  |1|1|  2|_
4                           _|3   _|1|1|_   3|_
5                         _|3    |2 _|_ 2|    3|_
6                       _|4     _|1|1|1|1|_     4|_
7                     _|4      |2  |1|1|  2|      4|_
8                   _|5       _|2 _|1|1|_ 2|_       5|_
9                 _|5        |2  |2 _|_ 2|  2|        5|_
10              _|6         _|2  |1|1|1|1|  2|_         6|_
11            _|6          |3   _|1|1|1|1|_   3|          6|_
12          _|7           _|2  |2  |1|1|  2|  2|_           7|_
13        _|7            |3    |2 _|1|1|_ 2|    3|            7|_
14      _|8             _|3   _|1|2 _|_ 2|1|_   3|_             8|_
15    _|8              |3    |2  |1|1|1|1|  2|    3|              8|_
16   |9                |3    |2  |1|1|1|1|  2|    3|                9|
...
The number of horizontal line segments in the n-th level in each side of the diagram equals A001227(n), the number of odd divisors of n.
The number of horizontal line segments in the left side of the diagram plus the number of the horizontal line segment in the right side equals A054844(n).
The total number of vertical line segments in the n-th level of the diagram equals A131507(n).
The diagram represents the first 16 levels of the pyramid.
The diagram of the isosceles triangle and the diagram of the top view of the pyramid shows the connection between the partitions into consecutive parts and the sum of divisors function (see also A286000 and A286001). - _Omar E. Pol_, Aug 28 2018
The connection between the isosceles triangle and the stepped pyramid is due to the fact that this object can also be interpreted as a pop-up card. - _Omar E. Pol_, Nov 09 2022

Robert Price, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..16048 (n=1..412 rows)
Omar E. Pol, An infinite stepped pyramid (A237593, A237270, A262626)
Omar E. Pol, Diagram of the isosceles triangle A237593 before the 90-degree-zig-zag folding (rows: 1..28)
Omar E. Pol, Perspective view of the stepped pyramid (levels: 1..16)
Index entries for sequences related to sigma(n)

Famous sequences that are visible in the stepped pyramid:
Cf. A000040 (prime numbers)......., for the characteristic shape see A346871.
Cf. A000079 (powers of 2)........., for the characteristic shape see A346872.
Cf. A000203 (sum of divisors)....., total area of the terraces in the n-th level.
Cf. A000217 (triangular numbers).., for the characteristic shape see A346873.
Cf. A000225 (Mersenne numbers)...., for a visualization see A346874.
Cf. A000384 (hexagonal numbers)..., for the characteristic shape see A346875.
Cf. A000396 (perfect numbers)....., for the characteristic shape see A346876.
Cf. A000668 (Mersenne primes)....., for a visualization see A346876.
Cf. A001097 (twin primes)........., for a visualization see A346871.
Cf. A001227 (# of odd divisors)..., number of subparts in the n-th level.
Cf. A002378 (oblong numbers)......, for a visualization see A346873.
Cf. A008586 (multiples of 4)......, perimeters of the successive levels.
Cf. A008588 (multiples of 6)......, for the characteristic shape see A224613.
Cf. A013661 (zeta(2))............., (area of the horizontal faces)/(n^2), n -> oo.
Cf. A014105 (second hexagonals)..., for the characteristic shape see A346864.
Cf. A067742 (# of middle divisors), # cells in the main diagonal in n-th level.
Other sequences that are visible in the stepped pyramid: A000096, A001065, A001359, A001747, A002939, A002943, A003056, A004125, A004277, A004526, A005279, A006512, A007606, A007607, A082647, A008438, A008578, A008864, A010814, A014106, A014107, A014132, A014574, A016945, A019434, A024206, A024916, A028552, A028982, A028983, A034856, A038550, A047836, A048050, A052928, A054735, A054844, A062731, A065091, A065475, A071561, A071562, A071904, A092506, A100484, A108605, A139256, A139257, A144396, A152677, A152678, A153485, A155085, A161680, A161983, A162917, A174905, A174973, A175254, A176810, A224880, A235791, A237270, A237271, A237591, A237593, A238005, A238524, A244049, A245092, A259176, A259177, A261348, A278972, A317302, A317303, A317304, A317305, A317307, A319529, A319796, A319801, A319802, A327329, A336305, (and several others).
Apart from zeta(2) other constants that are related to the stepped pyramid are A072691, A353908, A354238.
Cf. A054844, A131507, A196020, A236104, A237048, A239660, A244050, A259179, A261350, A261697, A261699, A262612, A280850, A286000, A286001, A296508.

A007607 Skip 1, take 2, skip 3, etc.

Original entry on oeis.org

2, 3, 7, 8, 9, 10, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane, Robert G. Wilson v, Mira Bernstein

Numbers k with the property that the smallest Dyck path of the symmetric representation of sigma(k) has a central peak. (Cf. A237593.) - Omar E. Pol, Aug 28 2018

Union of A317303 and A014105. - Omar E. Pol, Aug 29 2018

			From _Omar E. Pol_, Aug 29 2018: (Start)
Written as an irregular triangle in which the row lengths are the nonzero even numbers the sequence begins:
    2,   3;
    7,   8,   9,  10;
   16,  17,  18,  19,  20,  21;
   29,  30,  31,  32,  33,  34,  35,  36;
   46,  47,  48,  49,  50,  51,  52,  53,  54,  55;
   67,  68,  69,  70,  71,  72,  73,  74,  75,  76,  77,  78;
   92,  93,  94,  95,  96,  97,  98,  99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105;
  121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136;
...
Row sums give the nonzero terms of A317297.
Column 1 gives A130883, n >= 1.
Right border gives A014105, n >= 1.
(End)

R. Honsberger, Mathematical Gems III, M.A.A., 1985, p. 177.
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Reinhard Zumkeller, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000

Cf. A063656, A004202, A063657, A007606, A064801, A004202.
Complement of A007606.
Cf. A014105, A130883, A317297.
Similar to A360418.

a007607 n = a007607_list !! (n-1)
a007607_list = skipTake 1 [1..] where
   skipTake k xs = take (k + 1) (drop k xs)
                   ++ skipTake (k + 2) (drop (2*k + 1) xs)
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Feb 12 2011

a007607_list' = f $ tail $ scanl (+) 0 [1..] where
   f (t:t':t'':ts) = [t+1..t'] ++ f (t'':ts)
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Feb 12 2011

Flatten[ Table[i, {j, 2, 16, 2}, {i, j(j - 1)/2 + 1, j(j + 1)/2}]] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Mar 11 2004 *)
With[{t=20},Flatten[Take[TakeList[Range[(t(t+1))/2],Range[t]],{2,-1,2}]]] (* Harvey P. Dale, Sep 26 2021 *)

for(m=0,10,for(n=2*m^2+3*m+2,2*m^2+5*m+3,print1(n", "))) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Feb 12 2011

G.f.: 1/(1-x) * (1/(1-x) + x*Sum_{k>=1} (2k+1)*x^(k*(k+1))). - Ralf Stephan, Mar 03 2004
a(A000290(n)) = A001105(n). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Feb 12 2011
A057211(a(n)) = 0. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Dec 30 2011
a(n) = floor(sqrt(n) + 1/2)^2 + n = A053187(n) + n. - Ridouane Oudra, May 04 2019

A317304 Numbers k with the property that both Dyck paths of the symmetric representation of sigma(k) have a central valley.

Original entry on oeis.org

4, 5, 11, 12, 13, 14, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149

Offset: 1

Omar E. Pol, Aug 27 2018

Also triangle read by rows which gives the even-indexed rows of triangle A014132.
There are no triangular number (A000217) in this sequence.
For more information about the symmetric representation of sigma see A237593 and its related sequences.
Equivalently, numbers k with the property that both Dyck paths of the symmetric representation of sigma(k) have an even number of peaks. - Omar E. Pol, Sep 13 2018

			Written as an irregular triangle in which the row lengths are the positive even numbers, the sequence begins:
    4,   5;
   11,  12,  13,  14;
   22,  23,  24,  25,  26,  27;
   37,  38,  39,  40,  41,  42,  43,  44;
   56,  57,  58,  59,  60,  61,  62,  63,  64,  65;
   79,  80,  81,  82,  83,  84,  85,  86,  87,  88,  89,  90;
  106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119;
...
Illustration of initial terms:
-------------------------------------------------
   k  sigma(k)  Diagram of the symmetry of sigma
-------------------------------------------------
                       _ _           _ _ _ _
                      | | |         | | | | |
                     _| | |         | | | | |
                 _ _|  _|_|         | | | | |
   4      7     |_ _ _|             | | | | |
   5      6     |_ _ _|             | | | | |
                                 _ _|_| | | |
                               _|    _ _|_| |
                             _|     |  _ _ _|
                            |      _|_|
                 _ _ _ _ _ _|  _ _|
  11     12     |_ _ _ _ _ _| |  _|
  12     28     |_ _ _ _ _ _ _| |
  13     14     |_ _ _ _ _ _ _| |
  14     24     |_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _|
.
For the first six terms of the sequence we can see in the above diagram that both Dyck path (the smallest and the largest) of the symmetric representation of sigma(k) have a central valley.
Compare with A317303.

Row sums give A084367. n >= 1.
Column 1 gives A084849, n >= 1.
Column 2 gives A096376, n >= 1.
Right border gives the nonzero terms of A014106.
The union of A000217, A317303 and this sequence gives A001477.
Some other sequences related to the central peak or the central valley of the symmetric representation of sigma are A000217, A000384, A007606, A007607, A014105, A014132, A162917, A161983, A317303. See also A317306.
Cf. A000203, A005843, A196020, A236104, A235791, A237048, A237591, A237593, A237270, A237271, A239660, A239931, A239932, A239933, A239934, A244050, A245092, A249351, A262626.

A162917 Numbers n which are not in A161983.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128

Offset: 1

Juri-Stepan Gerasimov, Jul 17 2009

They have a block structure: A000384(n) is followed by the next n integers.
Numbers k with the property that the largest Dyck path of the symmetric representation of sigma(k) has a central peak. (Cf. A237593.) - Omar E. Pol, Aug 28 2018
Union of nonzero terms of A000384 and A317303. - Omar E. Pol, Aug 29 2018

			From _Omar E. Pol_, Aug 28 2018: (Start)
Also, written as an irregular triangle in which the row lengths are the positive even numbers, the sequence begins:
   1,  2;
   6,  7,  8,  9;
  15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20;
  28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35;
  45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53,  54;
  66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74,  75,  76,  77;
  91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104;
...
Row sums give A035328, n >= 1.
Column 1 gives A000384, n >= 1.
Column 2 gives A130883, n >= 1.
Right border gives the positive terms of A014107, also the odd-indexed terms of A000096.
(End)

Complement of A161983.

Cf. A000096, A000384, A014107, A035328, A130883, A237593, A317303.

A000027 \ A161983.

119 removed by R. J. Mathar, Jul 19 2009

A317308 Primes p such that the largest Dyck path of the symmetric representation of sigma(p) has a central peak.

Original entry on oeis.org

2, 7, 17, 19, 29, 31, 47, 53, 67, 71, 73, 97, 101, 103, 127, 131, 157, 163, 167, 191, 193, 197, 199, 233, 239, 241, 251, 277, 281, 283, 293, 331, 337, 347, 349, 379, 383, 389, 397, 401, 439, 443, 449, 457, 461, 463, 499, 503, 509, 521, 523, 563, 569, 571, 577, 587, 593, 631, 641, 643, 647, 653, 659, 661

Offset: 1

Omar E. Pol, Aug 29 2018

nonn

Also primes p such that both Dyck paths of the symmetric representation of sigma(p) have a central peak.
Note that the symmetric representation of sigma of an odd prime consists of two perpendicular bars connected by an irregular zig-zag path (see example).
Odd primes and the terms of this sequence are easily identifiable in the pyramid described in A245092 (see Links section).
For more information about the mentioned Dyck paths see A237593.
Equivalently, primes p such that the largest Dyck path of the symmetric representation of sigma(p) has an odd number of peaks.

			Illustration of initial terms:
--------------------------------------------------------
   p   sigma(p)   Diagram of the symmetry of sigma
--------------------------------------------------------
                    _         _                   _   _
                  _| |       | |                 | | | |
   2      3      |_ _|       | |                 | | | |
                             | |                 | | | |
                            _|_|                 | | | |
                          _|                     | | | |
                  _ _ _ _|                       | | | |
   7      8      |_ _ _ _|                       | | | |
                                                 | | | |
                                            _ _ _|_| | |
                                           |    _ _ _|_|
                                          _|   |
                                        _|  _ _|
                                    _ _|  _|
                                   |     |
                                   |  _ _|
                  _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _| |
  17     18      |_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _| |
                  _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _|
  19     20      |_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _|
.
For the first four terms of the sequence we can see in the above diagram that the largest Dyck path of the symmetric representation of sigma(p) has a central peak.
Compare with A317309.

Omar E. Pol, Perspective view of the pyramid (first 16 levels)

Primes in A162917.
Also primes in A317303.
The union of this sequence and A317309 gives A000040.
Cf. A000203, A065091, A196020, A236104, A235791, A237048, A237591, A237593, A237270, A239660, A239929, A239931, A239933, A244050, A245092, A262626.

A347155 Sum of divisors of nontriangular numbers.

Original entry on oeis.org

3, 7, 6, 8, 15, 13, 12, 28, 14, 24, 31, 18, 39, 20, 42, 36, 24, 60, 31, 42, 40, 30, 72, 32, 63, 48, 54, 48, 38, 60, 56, 90, 42, 96, 44, 84, 72, 48, 124, 57, 93, 72, 98, 54, 120, 120, 80, 90, 60, 168, 62, 96, 104, 127, 84, 68, 126, 96, 144, 72, 195, 74, 114, 124, 140

Offset: 1

Omar E. Pol, Aug 20 2021

nonn

The characteristic shape of the symmetric representation of a(n) consists in that in the main diagonal of the diagram both Dyck paths have the same orientation, that is both Dyck paths have peaks or both Dyck paths have valleys.
So knowing this characteristic shape we can know if a number is a nontriangular number (or not) just by looking at the diagram, even ignoring the concept of nontriangular number.
Therefore we can see a geometric pattern of the distribution of the nontriangular numbers in the stepped pyramid described in A245092.
If both Dyck paths have peaks on the main diagonal then the related subsequence of nontriangular numbers A014132 is A317303.
If both Dyck paths have valleys on the main diagonal then the related subsequence of nontriangular numbers A014132 is A317304.

			a(6) = 13 because the sum of divisors of the 6th nontriangular (i.e., 9) is 1 + 3 + 9 = 13.
On the other we can see that in the main diagonal of the diagrams both Dyck paths have the same orientation, that is both Dyck paths have peaks or both Dyck paths have valleys as shown below.
Illustration of initial terms:
m(n) = A014132(n).
.
   n   m(n) a(n)   Diagram
.                    _   _ _   _ _ _   _ _ _ _   _ _ _ _ _   _ _ _ _ _ _
                   _| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
   1    2    3    |_ _|_| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
                   _ _|  _|_| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
   2    4    7    |_ _ _|    _|_| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
   3    5    6    |_ _ _|  _|  _ _|_| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
                   _ _ _ _|  _| |  _ _|_| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
   4    7    8    |_ _ _ _| |_ _|_|    _ _|_| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
   5    8   15    |_ _ _ _ _|  _|     |  _ _ _|_| | | | | | | | | | | | |
   6    9   13    |_ _ _ _ _| |      _|_| |  _ _ _|_| | | | | | | | | | |
                   _ _ _ _ _ _|  _ _|    _| |    _ _ _|_| | | | | | | | |
   7   11   12    |_ _ _ _ _ _| |  _|  _|  _|   |  _ _ _ _|_| | | | | | |
   8   12   28    |_ _ _ _ _ _ _| |_ _|  _|  _ _| | |  _ _ _ _|_| | | | |
   9   13   14    |_ _ _ _ _ _ _| |  _ _|  _|    _| | |    _ _ _ _|_| | |
  10   14   24    |_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _| |     |     |  _|_|   |  _ _ _ _ _|_|
                   _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _| |  _ _|  _ _|_|       | | |
  11   16   31    |_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _| |  _ _|  _|      _ _|_| |
  12   17   18    |_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _| | |_ _ _|      _| |  _ _|
  13   18   39    |_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _| |  _ _|    _|  _|_|
  14   19   20    |_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _| | |       |_ _|
  15   20   42    |_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _| |  _ _ _|  _|
                   _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _| | |  _ _| |
  16   22   36    |_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _| | |_ _ _|
  17   23   24    |_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _| | |
  18   24   60    |_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _| |
  19   25   31    |_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _| |
  20   26   42    |_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _|
  21   27   40    |_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _|
.
Column m gives the nontriangular numbers.
Also the diagrams have on the main diagonal the following property: diagram [1] has peaks, diagrams [2, 3] have valleys, diagrams [4, 5, 6] have peaks, diagrams [7, 8, 9, 10] have valleys, and so on.
a(n) is also the area (and the number of cells) of the n-th diagram.
For n = 3 the sum of the regions (or parts) of the third diagram is 3 + 3 = 6, so a(3) = 6.
For more information see A237593.

Cf. A000203, A000217, A014132, A237591, A237593, A245092, A262626, A317303, A317304, A346873.

Some sequences that gives sum of divisors: A000225 (of powers of 2), A008864 (of prime numbers), A065764 (of squares), A073255 (of composites), A074285 (of triangular numbers, also of generalized hexagonal numbers), A139256 (of perfect numbers), A175926 (of cubes), A224613 (of multiples of 6), A346865 (of hexagonal numbers), A346866 (of second hexagonal numbers), A346867 (of numbers with middle divisors), A346868 (of numbers with no middle divisors).

Array[DivisorSigma[1,#+Round@Sqrt[2#]]&,100] (* Giorgos Kalogeropoulos, Aug 20 2021 *)

a(n) = sigma(n + round(sqrt(2*n))); \\ Michel Marcus, Aug 21 2021

a(n) = A000203(A014132(n)).

cp's OEIS Frontend

A262626 Visible parts of the perspective view of the stepped pyramid whose structure essentially arises after the 90-degree-zig-zag folding of the isosceles triangle A237593.

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A007607 Skip 1, take 2, skip 3, etc.

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A317304 Numbers k with the property that both Dyck paths of the symmetric representation of sigma(k) have a central valley.

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A162917 Numbers n which are not in A161983.

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A317308 Primes p such that the largest Dyck path of the symmetric representation of sigma(p) has a central peak.

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A347155 Sum of divisors of nontriangular numbers.

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