A317305 -id:A317305 - cp's OEIS frontend

A262626 Visible parts of the perspective view of the stepped pyramid whose structure essentially arises after the 90-degree-zig-zag folding of the isosceles triangle A237593.

1, 1, 1, 3, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 2, 7, 3, 1, 1, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 3, 12, 4, 1, 1, 1, 1, 4, 4, 4, 4, 2, 1, 1, 2, 4, 15, 5, 2, 1, 1, 2, 5, 5, 3, 5, 5, 2, 2, 2, 2, 5, 9, 9, 6, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 6, 6, 6, 6, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 6, 28, 7, 2, 2, 1, 1, 2, 2, 7, 7, 7, 7, 3, 2, 1, 1, 2, 3, 7, 12, 12, 8, 3, 1, 2, 2, 1, 3, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 3, 2, 1, 1

Offset: 1

Omar E. Pol, Sep 26 2015

Also the rows of both triangles A237270 and A237593 interleaved.
Also, irregular triangle read by rows in which T(n,k) is the area of the k-th region (from left to right in ascending diagonal) of the n-th symmetric set of regions (from the top to the bottom in descending diagonal) in the two-dimensional diagram of the perspective view of the infinite stepped pyramid described in A245092 (see the diagram in the Links section).
The diagram of the symmetric representation of sigma is also the top view of the pyramid, see Links section. For more information about the diagram see also A237593 and A237270.
The number of cubes at the n-th level is also A024916(n), the sum of all divisors of all positive integers <= n.
Note that this pyramid is also a quarter of the pyramid described in A244050. Both pyramids have infinitely many levels.
Odd-indexed rows are also the rows of the irregular triangle A237270.
Even-indexed rows are also the rows of the triangle A237593.
Lengths of the odd-indexed rows are in A237271.
Lengths of the even-indexed rows give 2*A003056.
Row sums of the odd-indexed rows gives A000203, the sum of divisors function.
Row sums of the even-indexed rows give the positive even numbers (see A005843).
Row sums give A245092.
From the front view of the stepped pyramid emerges a geometric pattern which is related to A001227, the number of odd divisors of the positive integers.
The connection with the odd divisors of the positive integers is as follows: A261697 --> A261699 --> A237048 --> A235791 --> A237591 --> A237593 --> A237270 --> this sequence.

			Irregular triangle begins:
  1;
  1, 1;
  3;
  2, 2;
  2, 2;
  2, 1, 1, 2;
  7;
  3, 1, 1, 3;
  3, 3;
  3, 2, 2, 3;
  12;
  4, 1, 1, 1, 1, 4;
  4, 4;
  4, 2, 1, 1, 2, 4;
  15;
  5, 2, 1, 1, 2, 5;
  5, 3, 5;
  5, 2, 2, 2, 2, 5;
  9, 9;
  6, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 6;
  6, 6;
  6, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 6;
  28;
  7, 2, 2, 1, 1, 2, 2, 7;
  7, 7;
  7, 3, 2, 1, 1, 2, 3, 7;
  12, 12;
  8, 3, 1, 2, 2, 1, 3, 8;
  8, 8, 8;
  8, 3, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 8;
  31;
  9, 3, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 9;
  ...
Illustration of the odd-indexed rows of triangle as the diagram of the symmetric representation of sigma which is also the top view of the stepped pyramid:
.
   n  A000203    A237270    _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
   1     1   =      1      |_| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
   2     3   =      3      |_ _|_| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
   3     4   =    2 + 2    |_ _|  _|_| | | | | | | | | | | |
   4     7   =      7      |_ _ _|    _|_| | | | | | | | | |
   5     6   =    3 + 3    |_ _ _|  _|  _ _|_| | | | | | | |
   6    12   =     12      |_ _ _ _|  _| |  _ _|_| | | | | |
   7     8   =    4 + 4    |_ _ _ _| |_ _|_|    _ _|_| | | |
   8    15   =     15      |_ _ _ _ _|  _|     |  _ _ _|_| |
   9    13   =  5 + 3 + 5  |_ _ _ _ _| |      _|_| |  _ _ _|
  10    18   =    9 + 9    |_ _ _ _ _ _|  _ _|    _| |
  11    12   =    6 + 6    |_ _ _ _ _ _| |  _|  _|  _|
  12    28   =     28      |_ _ _ _ _ _ _| |_ _|  _|
  13    14   =    7 + 7    |_ _ _ _ _ _ _| |  _ _|
  14    24   =   12 + 12   |_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _| |
  15    24   =  8 + 8 + 8  |_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _| |
  16    31   =     31      |_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _|
  ...
The above diagram arises from a simpler diagram as shown below.
Illustration of the even-indexed rows of triangle as the diagram of the deployed front view of the corner of the stepped pyramid:
.
.                                 A237593
Level                               _ _
1                                 _|1|1|_
2                               _|2 _|_ 2|_
3                             _|2  |1|1|  2|_
4                           _|3   _|1|1|_   3|_
5                         _|3    |2 _|_ 2|    3|_
6                       _|4     _|1|1|1|1|_     4|_
7                     _|4      |2  |1|1|  2|      4|_
8                   _|5       _|2 _|1|1|_ 2|_       5|_
9                 _|5        |2  |2 _|_ 2|  2|        5|_
10              _|6         _|2  |1|1|1|1|  2|_         6|_
11            _|6          |3   _|1|1|1|1|_   3|          6|_
12          _|7           _|2  |2  |1|1|  2|  2|_           7|_
13        _|7            |3    |2 _|1|1|_ 2|    3|            7|_
14      _|8             _|3   _|1|2 _|_ 2|1|_   3|_             8|_
15    _|8              |3    |2  |1|1|1|1|  2|    3|              8|_
16   |9                |3    |2  |1|1|1|1|  2|    3|                9|
...
The number of horizontal line segments in the n-th level in each side of the diagram equals A001227(n), the number of odd divisors of n.
The number of horizontal line segments in the left side of the diagram plus the number of the horizontal line segment in the right side equals A054844(n).
The total number of vertical line segments in the n-th level of the diagram equals A131507(n).
The diagram represents the first 16 levels of the pyramid.
The diagram of the isosceles triangle and the diagram of the top view of the pyramid shows the connection between the partitions into consecutive parts and the sum of divisors function (see also A286000 and A286001). - _Omar E. Pol_, Aug 28 2018
The connection between the isosceles triangle and the stepped pyramid is due to the fact that this object can also be interpreted as a pop-up card. - _Omar E. Pol_, Nov 09 2022

Robert Price, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..16048 (n=1..412 rows)
Omar E. Pol, An infinite stepped pyramid (A237593, A237270, A262626)
Omar E. Pol, Diagram of the isosceles triangle A237593 before the 90-degree-zig-zag folding (rows: 1..28)
Omar E. Pol, Perspective view of the stepped pyramid (levels: 1..16)
Index entries for sequences related to sigma(n)

Famous sequences that are visible in the stepped pyramid:
Cf. A000040 (prime numbers)......., for the characteristic shape see A346871.
Cf. A000079 (powers of 2)........., for the characteristic shape see A346872.
Cf. A000203 (sum of divisors)....., total area of the terraces in the n-th level.
Cf. A000217 (triangular numbers).., for the characteristic shape see A346873.
Cf. A000225 (Mersenne numbers)...., for a visualization see A346874.
Cf. A000384 (hexagonal numbers)..., for the characteristic shape see A346875.
Cf. A000396 (perfect numbers)....., for the characteristic shape see A346876.
Cf. A000668 (Mersenne primes)....., for a visualization see A346876.
Cf. A001097 (twin primes)........., for a visualization see A346871.
Cf. A001227 (# of odd divisors)..., number of subparts in the n-th level.
Cf. A002378 (oblong numbers)......, for a visualization see A346873.
Cf. A008586 (multiples of 4)......, perimeters of the successive levels.
Cf. A008588 (multiples of 6)......, for the characteristic shape see A224613.
Cf. A013661 (zeta(2))............., (area of the horizontal faces)/(n^2), n -> oo.
Cf. A014105 (second hexagonals)..., for the characteristic shape see A346864.
Cf. A067742 (# of middle divisors), # cells in the main diagonal in n-th level.
Other sequences that are visible in the stepped pyramid: A000096, A001065, A001359, A001747, A002939, A002943, A003056, A004125, A004277, A004526, A005279, A006512, A007606, A007607, A082647, A008438, A008578, A008864, A010814, A014106, A014107, A014132, A014574, A016945, A019434, A024206, A024916, A028552, A028982, A028983, A034856, A038550, A047836, A048050, A052928, A054735, A054844, A062731, A065091, A065475, A071561, A071562, A071904, A092506, A100484, A108605, A139256, A139257, A144396, A152677, A152678, A153485, A155085, A161680, A161983, A162917, A174905, A174973, A175254, A176810, A224880, A235791, A237270, A237271, A237591, A237593, A238005, A238524, A244049, A245092, A259176, A259177, A261348, A278972, A317302, A317303, A317304, A317305, A317307, A319529, A319796, A319801, A319802, A327329, A336305, (and several others).
Apart from zeta(2) other constants that are related to the stepped pyramid are A072691, A353908, A354238.
Cf. A054844, A131507, A196020, A236104, A237048, A239660, A244050, A259179, A261350, A261697, A261699, A262612, A280850, A286000, A286001, A296508.

A047836 "Nullwertzahlen" (or "inverse prime numbers"): n=p1p2p3p4p5...pk, where pi are primes with p1 <= p2 <= p3 <= p4 ...; then p1 = 2 and p1p2...*pi >= p(i+1) for all i < k.

Original entry on oeis.org

2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 32, 36, 40, 48, 56, 60, 64, 72, 80, 84, 96, 108, 112, 120, 128, 132, 144, 160, 168, 176, 180, 192, 200, 208, 216, 224, 240, 252, 256, 264, 280, 288, 300, 312, 320, 324, 336, 352, 360, 384, 392, 396, 400, 408, 416, 420, 432, 440, 448

Offset: 1

Thomas Kantke (bytes.more(AT)ibm.net)

Start with n and reach 2 by repeatedly either dividing by d where d <= the square root or by adding or subtracting 1. The division steps are free, but adding or subtracting 1 costs 1 point. The "value" of n (A047988) is the smallest cost to reach 2. Sequence gives numbers with value 0.
a(n) is also the length of the largest Dyck path of the symmetric representation of sigma of the n-th number whose symmetric representation of sigma has only one part. For an illustration see A317305. (Cf. A237593.) - Omar E. Pol, Aug 25 2018
This sequence can be defined equivalently as the increasing terms of the set containing 2 and all the integers such that if n is in the set, then all m * n are in the set for all m <= n. - Giuseppe Melfi, Oct 21 2019
The subsequence giving the largest term with k prime factors (k >= 1) starts 2, 4, 12, 132, 17292, 298995972, ... . - Peter Munn, Jun 04 2020

			Starting at 24 we divide by 3, 2, then 2, reaching 2.

T. D. Noe, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..1000
Thomas Kantke, Das Spiel Minimum und die Zerlegung natürlicher Zahlen, Spektrum der Wissenschaft, No. 4, 1993, pp. 11-13.
Andreas Weingartner, Uniform distribution of alpha*n modulo one for a family of integer sequences, arXiv:2303.16819 [math.NT], 2023.

Cf. A047984, A047985, A047986, A047987, A047988, A052287, A237593, A317305.

import Data.List.Ordered (union)
a047836 n = a047836_list !! (n-1)
a047836_list = f [2] where
   f (x:xs) = x : f (xs `union` map (x *) [2..x])
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Jun 25 2015, Sep 28 2011

nMax = 100; A174973 = Select[Range[10*nMax], AllTrue[Rest[dd = Divisors[#]] / Most[dd], Function[r, r <= 2]]&]; a[n_] := 2*A174973[[n]]; Array[a, nMax] (* Jean-François Alcover, Nov 10 2016, after Reinhard Zumkeller *)

a(n) = 2 * A174973(n). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Sep 28 2011

The number of terms <= x is c*x/log(x) + O(x/(log(x))^2), where c = 0.612415..., and a(n) = C*n*log(n*log(n)) + O(n), where C = 1/c = 1.63287... This follows from the formula just above. - Andreas Weingartner, Jun 30 2021

More terms from David W. Wilson

A346864 Irregular triangle read by rows in which row n lists the row A014105(n) of A237591, n >= 1.

Original entry on oeis.org

2, 1, 6, 2, 1, 1, 11, 4, 3, 1, 1, 1, 19, 6, 4, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 28, 10, 5, 3, 3, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 40, 13, 7, 5, 3, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 53, 18, 10, 5, 4, 3, 3, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 69, 23, 12, 7, 5, 4, 3, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 86, 29, 15, 9, 6, 5, 4, 2, 3, 2, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1

Offset: 1

Omar E. Pol, Aug 17 2021

The characteristic shape of the symmetric representation of sigma(A014105(n)) consists in that in the main diagonal of the diagram the smallest Dyck path has a peak and the largest Dyck path has a valley.
So knowing this characteristic shape we can know if a number is a second hexagonal number (or not) just by looking at the diagram, even ignoring the concept of second hexagonal number.
Therefore we can see a geometric pattern of the distribution of the second hexagonal numbers in the stepped pyramid described in A245092.
T(n,k) is also the length of the k-th line segment of the largest Dyck path of the symmetric representation of sigma(A014105(n)), from the border to the center, hence the sum of the n-th row of triangle is equal to A014105(n).
T(n,k) is also the difference between the total number of partitions of all positive integers <= n-th second hexagonal number into exactly k consecutive parts, and the total number of partitions of all positive integers <= n-th second hexagonal number into exactly k + 1 consecutive parts.
1 together with the first column gives A317186. - Michel Marcus, Jan 12 2025

			Triangle begins:
   2,  1;
   6,  2,  1, 1;
  11,  4,  3, 1, 1, 1;
  19,  6,  4, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1;
  28, 10,  5, 3, 3, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1;
  40, 13,  7, 5, 3, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1;
  53, 18, 10, 5, 4, 3, 3, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1;
  69, 23, 12, 7, 5, 4, 3, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1;
  86, 29, 15, 9, 6, 5, 4, 2, 3, 2, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1;
...
Illustration of initial terms:
Column h gives the n-th second hexagonal number (A014105).
Column S gives the sum of the divisors of the second hexagonal numbers which equals the area (and the number of cells) of the associated diagram.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  n   h   S   Diagram
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  _             _                     _                             _
                 | |           | |                   | |                           | |
              _ _|_|           | |                   | |                           | |
  1   3   4  |_ _|1            | |                   | |                           | |
               2               | |                   | |                           | |
                            _ _| |                   | |                           | |
                           |  _ _|                   | |                           | |
                        _ _|_|                       | |                           | |
                       |  _|1                        | |                           | |
              _ _ _ _ _| | 1                         | |                           | |
  2  10  18  |_ _ _ _ _ _|2                          | |                           | |
                   6                          _ _ _ _|_|                           | |
                                             | |                                   | |
                                            _| |                                   | |
                                           |  _|                                   | |
                                        _ _|_|                                     | |
                                    _ _|  _|1                                      | |
                                   |_ _ _|1 1                                      | |
                                   |  3                               _ _ _ _ _ _ _| |
                                   |4                                |    _ _ _ _ _ _|
              _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _|                                 |   |
  3  21  32  |_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _|                              _ _|   |
                       11                                        |       |
                                                                _|    _ _|
                                                               |     |
                                                            _ _|    _|
                                                        _ _|      _|
                                                       |        _|1
                                                  _ _ _|    _ _|1 1
                                                 |         | 2
                                                 |  _ _ _ _|2
                                                 | |   4
                                                 | |
                                                 | |6
                                                 | |
              _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _| |
  4  36  91  |_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _|
                               19
.

Row sums give A014105, n >= 1.
Row lengths give A005843.
For the characteristic shape of sigma(A000040(n)) see A346871.
For the characteristic shape of sigma(A000079(n)) see A346872.
For the characteristic shape of sigma(A000217(n)) see A346873.
For the visualization of Mersenne numbers A000225 see A346874.
For the characteristic shape of sigma(A000384(n)) see A346875.
For the characteristic shape of sigma(A000396(n)) see A346876.
For the characteristic shape of sigma(A008588(n)) see A224613.
For the characteristic shape of sigma(A174973(n)) see A317305.
Cf. A000203, A237591, A237593, A245092, A249351, A262626, A317186.

row(n) = my(m=n*(2*n + 1)); vector((sqrtint(8*m+1)-1)\2, k, ceil((m+1)/k - (k+1)/2) - ceil((m+1)/(k+1) - (k+2)/2)); \\ Michel Marcus, Jan 12 2025

A317307 Sum of divisors of powers of 2 and sum of divisors of even perfect numbers.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 3, 7, 12, 15, 31, 56, 63, 127, 255, 511, 992, 1023, 2047, 4095, 8191, 16256, 16383, 32767, 65535, 131071, 262143, 524287, 1048575, 2097151, 4194303, 8388607, 16777215, 33554431, 67100672, 67108863, 134217727, 268435455, 536870911, 1073741823, 2147483647, 4294967295, 8589934591, 17179738112, 17179869183

Offset: 1

Omar E. Pol, Aug 25 2018

Sum of divisors of the numbers k such that the symmetric representation of sigma(k) has only one part, and apart from the central width, the rest of the widths are 1's.

Note that the above definition implies that the central width of the symmetric representation of sigma(k) is 1 or 2. For powers of 2 the central width is 1. For even perfect numbers the central width is 2 (see example).

			Illustration of initial terms. a(n) is the area (or the number of cells) of the n-th region of the diagram:
.        _ _   _   _   _               _                       _       _
.   1   |_| | | | | | | |             | |                     | |     | |
.   3   |_ _|_| | | | | |             | |                     | |     | |
.        _ _|  _|_| | | |             | |                     | |     | |
.   7   |_ _ _|    _|_| |             | |                     | |     | |
.        _ _ _|  _|  _ _|             | |                     | |     | |
.  12   |_ _ _ _|  _|                 | |                     | |     | |
.        _ _ _ _| |                   | |                     | |     | |
.  15   |_ _ _ _ _|              _ _ _| |                     | |     | |
.                               |  _ _ _|                     | |     | |
.                              _| |                           | |     | |
.                            _|  _|                           | |     | |
.                        _ _|  _|                             | |     | |
.                       |  _ _|                               | |     | |
.                       | |                          _ _ _ _ _| |     | |
.        _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _| |                         |  _ _ _ _ _|     | |
.  31   |_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _|                         | |    _ _ _ _ _ _| |
.                                                _ _| |   |  _ _ _ _ _ _|
.                                            _ _|  _ _|   | |
.                                           |    _|    _ _| |
.                                          _|  _|     |  _ _|
.                                         |  _|      _| |
.                                    _ _ _| |      _|  _|
.                                   |  _ _ _|  _ _|  _|
.                                   | |       |  _ _|
.                                   | |  _ _ _| |
.                                   | | |  _ _ _|
.        _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _| | | |
.   56  |_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _| | |
.                                       | |
.                                       | |
.        _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _| |
.   63  |_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _|
.
The diagram shows the first eight terms of the sequence. The symmetric representation of sigma of the numbers A317306: 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 16, 28, 32, ..., has only one part, and apart from the central width, the rest of the widths are 1's.

Union of nonzero terms of A000225 and A139256.
Odd terms give the nonzeros terms of A000225.
Even terms give A139256.
Subsequence of A317305.
Cf. A249351 (the widths).
Cf. A000203, A000396, A196020, A236104, A235791, A237048, A237591, A237593, A237270, A237271, A239660, A239931, A239932, A239933, A239934, A244050, A245092, A262626, A317306.

DivisorSigma[1, #] &@ Union[2^Range[0, Floor@ Log2@ Last@ #], #] &@ Array[2^(# - 1) (2^# - 1) &@ MersennePrimeExponent@ # &, 7] (* Michael De Vlieger, Aug 25 2018, after Robert G. Wilson v at A000396 *)

a(n) = A000203(A317306(n)).

cp's OEIS Frontend

A262626 Visible parts of the perspective view of the stepped pyramid whose structure essentially arises after the 90-degree-zig-zag folding of the isosceles triangle A237593.

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A047836 "Nullwertzahlen" (or "inverse prime numbers"): n=p1*p2*p3*p4*p5*...*pk, where pi are primes with p1 <= p2 <= p3 <= p4 ...; then p1 = 2 and p1*p2*...*pi >= p(i+1) for all i < k.

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A346864 Irregular triangle read by rows in which row n lists the row A014105(n) of A237591, n >= 1.

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A317307 Sum of divisors of powers of 2 and sum of divisors of even perfect numbers.

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A361208 Number of middle divisors of the n-th number whose divisors increase by a factor of 2 or less.

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A047836 "Nullwertzahlen" (or "inverse prime numbers"): n=p1p2p3p4p5...pk, where pi are primes with p1 <= p2 <= p3 <= p4 ...; then p1 = 2 and p1p2...*pi >= p(i+1) for all i < k.