A260852 -id:A260852 - cp's OEIS frontend

A260343 Numbers n such that the base-n number formed by concatenating the base-n numbers 1 2 ... n-1 n n-1 ... 2 1 is prime.

2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 10, 16, 40, 104, 8840

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane, Aug 01 2015

n = 8840 only corresponds to a probable prime (with 69770 decimal digits).

The concatenation (in base n) of the base-n numbers 1 2 3 ... k-1 k k-1 ... 3 2 1 is a square for k

Sequence A260852 lists the actual primes, A260852(k) = A260851(a(k)). - M. F. Hasler, Aug 02 2015

			For n = 2 we get the binary number 1 10 1 = 1101 = 13 (in decimal).
For n = 10 we get (as David Broadhurst remarks) the "memorable" decimal prime 12345678910987654321.
For n = 16 the prime is the hexadecimal number 123456789abcdef10fedcba987654321.

D. Broadhurst, Primes from concatenation: results and heuristics, NmbrThry List, August 1, 2015

For n=2 see A173427, for n=10 see A173426.

For n=3 through n=16 see A260853 - A260866.

Select[Range[2, 120], PrimeQ@ Total[Times @@@ Transpose[{(Function[p, Power[#, p]] /@ Reverse@ Delete[Range[0, 2 # - 1], # + 1]), Flatten@ {Range[#], Reverse@ Range[# - 1]}}]] &] (* Michael De Vlieger, Aug 02 2015 *)
bnpQ[n_]:=PrimeQ[FromDigits[Flatten[Join[IntegerDigits[#,n]&/@Range[n], IntegerDigits[ #,n]&/@Reverse[Range[n-1]]]],n]]; Select[Range[2,110],bnpQ] (* Harvey P. Dale, Feb 26 2023 *)

for(b=2,9e9,ispseudoprime(p=(1+b*c=(b^b-1)\(b-1))*(c-b+1)-1)&&print1(b", ")); \\ D. Broadhurst and M. F. Hasler, Aug 02 2015

from gmpy2 import is_prime
def intbase(dlist,b=10): # convert list of digits in base b to integer
    y = 0
    for d in dlist:
        y = y*b + d
    return y
A260343_list = [n for n in range(2,500) if is_prime(intbase(list(range(1,n))+[1,0]+list(range(n-1,0,-1)), n))] # Chai Wah Wu, Aug 01 2015

A260851 a(n) in base n is the concatenation of the base n expansions of (1, 2, 3, ..., n-1, n, n-1, ..., 3, 2, 1).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 13, 439, 27961, 3034961, 522134761, 131870760799, 45954960939217, 21107054541321649, 12345678910987654321, 8954302429379707945271, 7883984846509322664831433, 8281481197999449959084458465, 10228838696316240496325238416281, 14674825961700306151086890240104831

Offset: 1

M. F. Hasler, Aug 01 2015

Sequences A173427, A260853 - A260859, A173426, A260861 - A260866, A260860 list the numbers A_b(n) whose base b expansion is the concatenation of the base b expansions of (1, 2, ..., n, n-1, ..., 1). For n < b these are the squares of the repdigits of length n in base b, so the first candidate for a prime is the term with n = b. These are the numbers listed here. Sequence A260343 gives the bases b for which this is indeed a prime, the corresponding primes a(A260343(n)) are listed in A260852.

The initial term a(1) = 1 refers to the unary or "tally mark" representation of the numbers, cf. A000042. It can be considered as purely conventional.

			a(1) = 1 is the "concatenation" of (1) which is the unary representation of 1, cf A000042.
a(2) = 13 = 1101[2] = concatenation of (1, 10, 1), where 10 is the base 2 representation of 2.
a(3) = 439 = 121021[3] = concatenation of (1, 2, 10, 2, 1), where 10 is the base 3 representation of 3.
a(10) = 12345678910987654321 is the concatenation of (1, 2, 3, ..., 9, 10, 9, 8, ..., 2, 1); it is also a prime.

N. J. A. Sloane, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..100

Cf. A173427, A260853 - A260859, A173426, A260861 - A260866, A260860.

For primes in this sequence see A260343, A260852.

[1] cat [((n^n-1)/(n-1) - n + 1)*(1 + n*(n^n-1)/(n-1)) - 1: n in [2..15]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Aug 02 2015

f:=proc(b) local i;
add((i+1)*b^i, i=0..b-2) + b^b + add(i*b^(2*b-i),i=1..b-1); end;
[seq(f(b),b=1..25)]; # N. J. A. Sloane, Sep 26 2015

Join[{1}, Table[((n^n - 1)/(n - 1) - n + 1) (1 + n (n^n - 1)/(n - 1)) - 1, {n, 2, 30}]] (* Vincenzo Librandi, Aug 02 2015 *)

A260851(n)=(1+n*r=if(n>2,n^n\(n-1),n*2-1))*(r-n+1)-1

def A260851(n): return sum(i*(n**(2*n-i)+n**(i-1)) for i in range(1, n)) + n**n # Ya-Ping Lu, Dec 23 2021

a(n) = n*r + (r - n)*(1 + n*r) = (r - n + 1)*(1 + n*r) - 1, where r = (n^n-1)/(n-1) is the base n repunit of length n, r = 1 for n = 1.

Another closed-form expression for the series is a(n) = (n^(2*n+1) + (-n^3 + 2*n^2 - 2*n - 1)*n^n + 1)/(n - 1)^2. - Serge Batalov, Aug 02 2015

A260871 Primes whose base-b representation is the concatenation of the base-b representations of (1, 2, ..., k, k-1, ..., 1), for some b > 1 and some k > 1.

Original entry on oeis.org

13, 439, 7069, 27961, 2864599, 522134761, 21107054541321649, 12345678910987654321, 1919434248892467772593071038679, 24197857203266734883076090685781525281, 1457624695486449811479514346937750581569993, 1263023202979901596155544853826881857760357011832664659152364441

Offset: 1

M. F. Hasler, Aug 02 2015; edited Aug 23 2015

The sequences A[b] of numbers whose base-b representation is the concatenation of the base-b representations of (1, 2, ..., k, k-1, ..., 1), for a given b and all k >= 1, are recorded as A173427, A260853 - A260859, A173426, A260861 - A260866 and A260860 for bases b=2, ..., b=16 and b=60.
This is a supersequence of A260852, which lists only primes of the form A[b](b) - see A260343 for the b-values. In addition, the numbers A[b](b+2) are also prime for b=(2, 3, 11, 62, 182, ...), corresponding to terms a(3) = 7069, a(5) = 2864599, a(9) = 1919434248892467772593071038679, ... Still other examples are a(11) = A[12](16), a(12) = A[14](21), ... See the Broadhurst file for further data. [Edited by N. J. A. Sloane, Aug 24 2015]
Other subsequences of the form A[b](b+d) with at least 4 probable primes include: d=36, b=(2, 103, 117, 2804, ...); d=70, b=(74, 225, 229, 545, ...); d=200, b=(126, 315, 387, 2697, ...). For odd d, I know of 2 series with at least 3 probable primes: d=15, b=(18, 154, 1262, ...); d=165, b=(522, 602, 1858,...). - David Broadhurst, Aug 28 2015
See A261170 for the number of decimal digits of a(n); A261171 and A261172 for the k- and b-values such that a(n) = A[b](k). - M. F. Hasler, Sep 15 2015

			The first two terms are of the form A[b](b) with b=2 and b=3:
a(1) = 13 = 1101_2 = concat(1, 2=10_2, 1).
a(2) = 439 = 121021_3 = concat(1, 2, 3=10_3, 2, 1).
See comments for further examples.

David Broadhurst, Conjectured list of initial 434 terms (The notation is that [15, [25, 29], 91] means that a(15) is A[25](29) with 91 decimal digits and [237, [895, 1289], 9933] means that a(237) is probably A[895](1289) with 9933 decimal digits.)

The sequences A[b] are listed in A173427 for b=2, A260853 for b=3, A260854 for b=4, A260855 for b=5, A260856 for b=6, A260857 for b=7, A260858 for b=8, A260859 for b=9, A173426 for b=10, A260861 for b=11, A260862 for b=12, A260863 for b=13, A260864 for b=14, A260865 for b=15, A260866 for b=16, A260860 for b=60.

Cf. A260343, A260852, A261408.

{L=1e99;A260871=List();for(b=2,9e9,for(n=b,9e9,if(Lb)));ispseudoprime(p)&&listput(A260871,p)));vecsort(A260871)}

A260859 Base-9 representation of a(n) is the concatenation of the base-9 representations of 1, 2, ..., n, n-1, ..., 1.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 100, 8281, 672400, 54479161, 4412944900, 357449732641, 28953439105600, 21107054541321649, 138483384602892402628, 908589486379899193778809, 5961255620138564686107812272, 39111798123729126657669459066697, 256612507489786800304910707633347364

Offset: 0

M. F. Hasler, Aug 01 2015

The base 9 is listed in A260343, because a(9) = A260851(9) = 21107054541321649 = 123456781087654321_9 is prime and therefore in A260852. See these sequences for more information.

			a(0) = 0 is the result of the empty sum corresponding to 0 digits.
a(2) = 100 = (9+1)^2 = 9^2 + 2*9 + 1 = 121_9, concatenation of (1, 2, 1).
a(10) = 1234567810111087654321_9 is the concatenation of (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 10, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1), where the middle "10, 11, 10" are the base-9 representations of 9, 10, 9.

D. Broadhurst, Primes from concatenation: results and heuristics, NmbrThry List, August 1, 2015

Base-9 variant of A173426 (base 10) and A173427 (base 2). See A260853 - A260866 for the variants in other bases.

a(n,b=9)=sum(i=1,#n=concat(vector(n*2-1,k,digits(min(k,n*2-k),b))),n[i]*b^(#n-i))

For n < b = 9, we have a(n) = A_b(n) = R(b,n)^2, where R(b,n) = (b^n-1)/(b-1) are the base-b repunits.

A261171 Value of k for which A260871(n) = A[b](k), with b = A261172(n); A[b](k) = the number whose base-b representation is the concatenation of the base-b representations of (1, ..., k, k-1, ..., 1).

Original entry on oeis.org

2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 13, 16, 16, 21, 23, 23, 29, 28, 38, 39, 33, 34, 41, 40, 37, 37, 41, 42, 44, 64, 77, 82, 75, 83, 83, 87, 104, 104, 86, 94

Offset: 1

M. F. Hasler, Aug 23 2015

For more data, see the 3rd column of D. Broadhurst's list of [n, b, k, length(A260871(n))] given in A260871.

This and the companion sequence A261172 are a compact way of recording the very large primes listed in A260871 by means of the k- and b-value such that A260871(n) = A[A261172(n)](A261171(n)). See A261170 for the number of decimal digits of these primes. - M. F. Hasler, Sep 15 2015

			A260871(1) = A[2](2), therefore a(1) = 2.
A260871(2) = A[3](3), therefore a(2) = 3.
A260871(3) = A[2](4), therefore a(3) = 4.

Cf. A173427, A260853 - A260859, A173426, A260861 - A260866 and A260860 for A[b] with b=2, ..., b=16 and b=60.

See also A260852 = { primes of the form A260851(b) = A[b](b), b in A260343 }.

A261171_list(LIM=1e499)={my(A=List(),p,d);for(b=2,9e9,for(n=b,9e9,if(LIMb)));ispseudoprime(p)&&listput(A,[log(p),n])));apply(t->t[2],vecsort(A))}

A260871(n) = A[A261172(n)](a(n)), where A[b](k) = Sum_{i=1..#d} d[i]*b^(#d-i), d = concatenation of (1, 2, ..., k, k-1, ..., 1) all written in base b.

A261172 Value of b for which A260871(n) = A[b](k), with k = A261171(n); A[b](k) = the number whose base-b representation is the concatenation of the base-b representations of (1, ..., k, k-1, ..., 1).

Original entry on oeis.org

2, 3, 2, 4, 3, 6, 9, 10, 11, 16, 12, 14, 22, 18, 25, 20, 2, 6, 18, 14, 7, 40, 31, 25, 23, 20, 22, 62, 65, 68, 29, 23, 38, 26, 104, 6, 34, 52

Offset: 1

M. F. Hasler, Aug 23 2015

For more data, see the 2nd column of D. Broadhurst's list of [n, b, k, length(A260871(n))] given in A260871.

			A260871(1) = A[2](2), therefore a(1) = 2.
A260871(2) = A[3](3), therefore a(2) = 3.
A260871(3) = A[2](4), therefore a(3) = 2.

Cf. A173427, A260853 - A260859, A173426, A260861 - A260866 and A260860 for A[b] with b=2, ..., b=16 and b=60.

See also A260852 = { primes of the form A260851(b) = A[b](b), b in A260343 }.

A261172_list(LIM=1e499)={my(A=List(),p,d);for(b=2,9e9,for(n=b,9e9,if(LIMb)));ispseudoprime(p)&&listput(A,[log(p),n])));apply(t->t[2],vecsort(A))}

A260871(n) = A[a(n)](A261171(n)), where A[b](k) = Sum_{i=1..#d} d[i]*b^(#d-i), d = concatenation of (1, 2, ..., k, k-1, ..., 1) all written in base b.

A260854 Base-4 representation of a(n) is the concatenation of the base-4 representations of 1, 2, ..., n, n-1, ..., 1.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 25, 441, 27961, 7148857, 1830131001, 468514084153, 119939614479673, 30704541449950521, 7860362613477971257, 2012252829087011018041, 515136724246861226808633, 131875001407205856562222393, 33760000360244849399916500281, 8642560092222683848298425324857

Offset: 0

M. F. Hasler, Aug 01 2015

The base 4 is listed in A260343, which means that a(4) = A260851(4) = 27961 is prime and therefore in A260852. See these sequences for more information.

			a(0) = 0 is the result of the empty sum corresponding to 0 digits.
a(2) = 25 = 16 + 2*4 + 1 = 121_4 is the concatenation of (1, 2, 1).
a(4) = 27961 = 12310321_4 is the concatenation of (1, 2, 3, 10, 3, 2, 1), where the middle "10" is the base-4 representation of 4.

D. Broadhurst, Primes from concatenation: results and heuristics, NmbrThry List, August 1, 2015

Base-4 variant of A173426 (base 10) and A173427 (base 2). See A260853 - A260866 for variants in other bases b = 3, ..., 16.

a(n,b=4)=sum(i=1,#n=concat(vector(n*2-1,k,digits(min(k,n*2-k),b))),n[i]*b^(#n-i))

A260855 Base-5 representation of a(n) is the concatenation of the base-5 representations of 1, 2, ..., n, n-1, ..., 1.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 36, 961, 24336, 3034961, 1896581836, 1185364159961, 740852620019336, 463032888020409961, 289395555025471581836, 180872221891237629784961, 113045138682031465901269336, 70653211676269864870442284961, 44158257297668670511080159081836

Offset: 0

M. F. Hasler, Aug 01 2015

Base-5 variant of A173426 (base 10) and A173427 (base 2). See A260853 - A260866 for variants in other bases b = 3, ..., 16.

The base 5 is not listed in A260343, because a(5) = A260851(5) = 3034961 is not prime and therefore not in A260852. See these sequences for more information.

			a(0) = 0 is the result of the empty sum corresponding to 0 digits.
a(2) = 36 = (5+1)^2 = 5^2 + 2*5 + 1 = 121_4 is the concatenation of (1, 2, 1).
a(5) = 3034961 = 1234104321_5 is the concatenation of (1, 2, 3, 4, 10, 4, 3, 2, 1), where the middle "10" is the base-5 representation of 5.

D. Broadhurst, Primes from concatenation: results and heuristics, NmbrThry List, August 1, 2015

a(n,b=5)=sum(i=1,#n=concat(vector(n*2-1,k,digits(min(k,n*2-k),b))),n[i]*b^(#n-i))

A260857 Base-7 representation of a(n) is the concatenation of the base-7 representations of 1, 2, ..., n, n-1, ..., 1.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 64, 3249, 160000, 7845601, 384473664, 131870760799, 316621469105950, 760208147660763999, 1825259762561514314050, 4382448689911580334132199, 10522259304477772232578647150, 25263944590051134455098854865399, 60658730960712773989601560650105250

Offset: 0

M. F. Hasler, Aug 01 2015

Base-7 variant of A173426 (base 10) and A173427 (base 2). See A260853 - A260866 for variants in other bases.

The base 7 is not listed in A260343, because a(7) = A260851(7) = 131870760799 = 12345610654321_7 is not prime and therefore not in A260852. See these sequences for more information.

			a(0) = 0 is the result of the empty sum corresponding to 0 digits.
a(2) = 64 = (7+1)^2 = 7^2 + 2*7 + 1 = 121_7 is the concatenation of (1, 2, 1).
a(8) = 316621469105950 = 123456101110654321_7 is the concatenation of (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 11, 10, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1), where the middle "10, 11, 10" are the base-7 representations of 7, 8, 7.

D. Broadhurst, Primes from concatenation: results and heuristics, NmbrThry List, August 1, 2015

Table[FromDigits[Flatten[Join[IntegerDigits[Range[n],7], IntegerDigits[ Range[ n-1,1,-1],7]]],7],{n,0,20}] (* Harvey P. Dale, Nov 02 2017 *)

a(n,b=7)=sum(i=1,#n=concat(vector(n*2-1,k,digits(min(k,n*2-k),b))),n[i]*b^(#n-i))

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A260853 Base-3 representation of a(n) is the concatenation of the base-3 representations of 1, 2, ..., n, n-1, ..., 1.

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A260343 Numbers n such that the base-n number formed by concatenating the base-n numbers 1 2 ... n-1 n n-1 ... 2 1 is prime.

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A260851 a(n) in base n is the concatenation of the base n expansions of (1, 2, 3, ..., n-1, n, n-1, ..., 3, 2, 1).

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A260871 Primes whose base-b representation is the concatenation of the base-b representations of (1, 2, ..., k, k-1, ..., 1), for some b > 1 and some k > 1.

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A260859 Base-9 representation of a(n) is the concatenation of the base-9 representations of 1, 2, ..., n, n-1, ..., 1.

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A261171 Value of k for which A260871(n) = A[b](k), with b = A261172(n); A[b](k) = the number whose base-b representation is the concatenation of the base-b representations of (1, ..., k, k-1, ..., 1).

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A261172 Value of b for which A260871(n) = A[b](k), with k = A261171(n); A[b](k) = the number whose base-b representation is the concatenation of the base-b representations of (1, ..., k, k-1, ..., 1).

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